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1.
BACKGROUND: In general, treatment of relapsed lymphoma is associated with a lower probability of response and shorter duration of remission. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination chemotherapy protocol DMAC (dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, and cytosine arabinoside) for reinduction of remission in dogs with relapsed lymphoma. HYPOTHESIS: That DMAC would be an effective reinduction protocol for dogs with relapsed lymphoma. ANIMALS: Fifty-four dogs. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the dogs achieved remission (44% complete remission [CR] and 28% partial remission [PR]), 11% had stable disease (SD), and 17% had progressive disease (PD). The median remission duration was 61 days (range, 2-467+ days). The median remission durations for dogs with CR, PR, and SD were 112, 44, and 27 days, respectively. Factors that affected the response rate were previous treatment with doxorubicin and an inability to achieve remission with the previous protocol. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 56% of the dogs (grade 1 in 3 dogs, grade 2 in 6 dogs, grade 3 in 7 dogs, and grade 4 in 7 dogs) and neutropenia in 17% of the dogs (grade 2 in 1 dog, grade 3 in 2 dogs, and grade 4 in 4 dogs). Gastrointestinal toxicosis occurred in 22% of the dogs (grades 1 in 5 dogs, grade 2 in 3 dogs, and grade 3 in 1 dog). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The DMAC protocol is an effective rescue protocol for dogs with relapsed multicentric lymphoma. Although thrombocytopenia is a common manifestation of toxicity, in general, the protocol is well tolerated.  相似文献   

2.
Forty-three dogs with lymphoma that had relapsed or had failed to achieve complete remission to previous chemotherapy were treated with lomustine (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea [CCNU]) at a dosage of 90-100 mg/m2 body surface area p.o. every 3 weeks. Durable complete or partial responses occurred in 11 dogs for a median of 86 days. The acutely dose-limiting toxicosis was neutropenia 7 days after administration, resulting in a recommended dosage of 90 mg/m2. Cumulative thrombocytopenia occurred in dogs receiving continued CCNU treatment, and a dose interval of 3 weeks may be too short for continued administration of this drug. Toxicoses evident as fever or central nervous system signs or renal damage were uncommon or rare. CCNU is effective in the treatment of relapsed lymphoma.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To compare results of treatment with temozolomide or dacarbazine, in combination with an anthracycline, in dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. DESIGN: Nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 63 dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. PROCEDURES: Chemotherapy was administered in 21-day cycles. A combination of temozolomide and an anthracycline (doxorubicin or dactinomycin) was administered to 21 dogs and a combination of dacarbazine and an anthracycline was administered to 42 dogs. Efficacy and toxicoses were assessed. Results-Thirteen of the 18 (72%) dogs treated with the temozolomide-anthracycline combination and 25 of the 35 (71%) dogs treated with the dacarbazine-anthracycline combination had a complete or partial response. Median duration of response to rescue chemotherapy was 40 days (range, 0 to 217 days) for dogs in the temozolomide group and 50 days (range, 0 to 587 days) for dogs in the dacarbazine group. The incidence of high-grade hematologic toxicoses was significantly higher among dogs in the dacarbazine group than among dogs in the temozolomide group, but the incidence of gastrointestinal tract toxicoses was not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in regard to proportion of dogs with a complete or partial response, duration of response to rescue chemotherapy, survival time following rescue chemotherapy, or overall survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Both combinations had promise in the treatment of dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, although administration of temozolomide was more convenient than administration of dacarbazine and caused fewer hematologic toxicoses.  相似文献   

4.
Background: Multidrug resistance is the most common cause of treatment failure in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. 5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) is an atypical alkylator used as standard treatment in human Hodgkin's lymphoma, and has been effective in combination treatment to treat resistant lymphoma in dogs. However, no data are available on the use of DTIC as a single agent in the treatment of relapsed canine lymphoma.
Hypothesis: Single-agent DTIC is effective and safe in treating dogs with lymphoma that relapsed or failed to respond to previous chemotherapy.
Animals: Forty client-owned dogs with relapsed lymphoma.
Methods: Dogs were eligible for the retrospective study if they had a histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma and had relapsed. Dogs received DTIC (800–1,000 mg/m2 every 2–3 weeks as a 4–5-hour IV infusion) and were evaluated for response rate and duration. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity was assessed.
Results: The overall response rate for dogs being treated with DTIC was 35% (14 dogs) with a median progression-free interval of 43 days. Thirteen dogs had a partial response and 1 dog had a complete response. Stable disease was achieved in 3 dogs. Mild gastrointestinal toxicity was reported in 3 dogs posttreatment. Thrombocytopenia was the principal toxicity observed 7–14 days after the treatment. Treatments were delayed because of thrombocytopenia.
Conclusions: DTIC, when used alone, is effective in the treatment of dogs with relapsed lymphoma.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To assess response rate, median duration of response, adverse effects, and prognostic factors associated with concurrent administration of lomustine and prednisone as a first-line treatment for dogs with multicentric lymphoma. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 17 dogs. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed. Information obtained included signalment, physical examination findings, results of diagnostic testing, stage and substage, initial lomustine and prednisone dosages, and total number of lomustine doses administered. RESULTS: Lomustine was administered at a median starting dosage of 67 mg/m(2), PO, every 21 days until 5 doses were given or disease progression was observed. Prednisone was administered at a median starting dosage of 1.8 mg/kg/d (0.82 mg/lb/d), PO, with dosage tapered during the first month of treatment. Six dogs had a complete response, and 3 had a partial response. Mean and median durations of response were 48.8 and 39.5 days, respectively. Median survival time was 111.2 days. In multivariate analyses, female sex and higher total lomustine dose were significantly associated with a longer disease-free inter-val. Neutropenia was the dose-limiting factor, with 4 dogs developing clinically important neutropenia 1 week after administration of a dose of lomustine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that concurrent treatment with lomustine and prednisone was well tolerated in dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but findings did not support the use of this combination for first-line treatment of affected dogs.  相似文献   

6.
BACKGROUND: Pleotropic-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated resistance is the usual cause of relapse in dogs with lymphoma. 1-(2-chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosurea (CCNU) and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) are alkylating agents that are not affected by P-gp and lack cross-resistance to each other. A combination protocol offers the advantage of improved summation dose and synergistic activity. HYPOTHESIS: A combination of CCNU and DTIC that is well tolerated can be used to treat dogs with lymphoma that developed resistance or failed to respond to previously administered chemotherapy. ANIMALS: Fifty-seven dogs with lymphoma that were resistant to treatment with standard chemotherapy (L-CHOP; L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). METHODS: Prospective phase I and II trials were performed. CCNU was given PO immediately before a 5-h IV infusion of DTIC. Concurrent antiemetics and prophylactic antibiotics were used. Treatments were administered every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Based on the results of 8 dogs in the phase I study, CCNU at 40 mg/m(2) PO combined with DTIC at 600 mg/m(2) IV was used to treat 57 dogs with resistant lymphoma. Thirteen (23%) dogs had a complete response (CR) for a median of 83 days and 7 (12%) had a partial response for a median of 25 days. The median L-CHOP CR duration of the dogs that did not respond to CCNU-DTIC was significantly longer than that of the dogs that did achieve remission with CCNU-DTIC (225 days versus 92 days, P= .02). The principal toxic event was neutropenia; the median neutrophil count 7 days after treatment was 1,275 cells/microL. Increases in alanine transaminase activity, possibly associated with hepatotoxicity, were detected in 7 dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A combination of CCNU and DTIC can be an effective option to rescue dogs with resistant lymphoma.  相似文献   

7.
Background: The combination of lomustine, l -asparaginase, and prednisone (LAP) is an effective rescue treatment for canine lymphoma (LSA). In a previous study, we reported that remission was typically lost around the time l -asparaginase was discontinued.
Hypothesis: Use of l -asparaginase with each lomustine treatment will be well tolerated and efficacious as a rescue therapy for canine LSA.
Animals: Forty-eight client-owned dogs with cytologically confirmed multicentric LSA whose disease had relapsed after a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone-based chemotherapy protocol were included.
Methods: Lomustine was administered orally at 3-week intervals, concurrently with subcutaneous or intramuscular l -asparaginase for a total of 5 doses or until disease progression. Prednisone was administered at a tapering dose for the duration of the protocol.
Results: The overall response rate (ORR) for dogs treated with this protocol was 77%, with 65% achieving a complete response (CR). The median time to progression (TTP) was 70 days. Based on loose comparison, these findings are not significantly different from our previously reported historical control. The actual CCNU dosage administered did not affect response rate or remission duration.
Conclusions/Clinical Importance: These findings support previous data concluding that the LAP protocol is a viable rescue treatment option for dogs with LSA. However, results from this study suggest that continued use of l -asparaginase with each lomustine treatment does not significantly increase remission duration and toxicity appears greater.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Sequential half-body irradiation (HBI) combined with chemotherapy is feasible in treating canine lymphoma, but prolonged interradiation intervals may affect efficacy. A 2-week interradiation interval is possible in most dogs receiving low-dose rate irradiation (LDRI) protocols at 6 Gy dose levels.
Hypothesis: LDRI incorporated into a cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincritine, and prednisone (CHOP)-based chemotherapy protocol is effective for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs.
Animals: Thirty-eight client-owned animals diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma.
Methods: Retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and prognostic factors for the treatment of canine lymphoma with sequential HBI and chemotherapy.
Results: The median 1st remission was 410 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 241–803 days). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year 1st remission rates were 54, 42, and 31%. The median overall survival was 684 days (95% CI 334–1,223 days). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 66, 47, and 44%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results of this study suggest that treatment intensification by a 2-week interradiation treatment interval coupled with interradiation chemotherapy is an effective treatment for dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

9.
In this retrospective study, a chemotherapy protocol using dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, and cytosine arabinoside (DMAC) was evaluated for efficacy and adverse event profile as a first line rescue protocol in 86 client-owned dogs previously treated with a CHOP-based protocol. Forty-three dogs (43%) achieved remission (16% complete remission, 27% partial remission), and 57% were non-responders. The median overall progression-free survival (PFS) was 24 days. Adverse events included thrombocytopenia in 41% of dogs, neutropenia in 17% of dogs, and gastrointestinal toxicity in 13% of dogs. Overall, 16% (13/79) dogs experienced grade III to IV thrombocytopenia, 8% (6/74) dogs grade III to IV neutropenia and 1% (1/79) dogs grade III to IV gastrointestinal toxicity. The efficacy of the DMAC protocol is similar to that of other rescue protocols in dogs with relapsed lymphoma but is associated with shorter PFS. The main toxicity is thrombocytopenia, which may limit treatment.  相似文献   

10.
Combination chemotherapy is superior to single-agent chemotherapy for treating canine lymphoma, but the effect of each drug on efficacy remains unknown. By comparing 34 dogs treated with a modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (COP) chemotherapy protocol and 42 dogs given asparaginase in the induction phase of the same protocol, the effect of asparaginase on the chemotherapeutic protocol was determined. Both groups were compared based on clinical response at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, and on the progression-free interval. Asparaginase did not significantly increase the likelihood of a clinical remission or prolong the initial progression-free interval in the dogs studied.  相似文献   

11.
Introduction:  MOPP chemotherapy is useful for relapsed canine lymphoma. This study evaluates the efficacy of this protocol after substitution of CCNU (lomustine) or BiCNU (carmustine) for mechlorethamine (C/B‐OPP).
Methods:  Patient signalment, response to chemotherapy, toxicity and survival data were abstracted from medical records of dogs from receiving C/B‐OPP between 1998 and 2004.
Results:  Fifty‐eight dogs received C/B‐OPP rescue chemotherapy during the study period. The median remission duration after initial chemotherapy, consisting of CHOP‐based therapy in 91% of dogs, was 133 days (range, 10 to 932 days). Thirty‐eight of fifty‐eight dogs (66%) responded to C/B‐OPP rescue after relapse (22 CR, 16 PR), for a median of 48 days (range, 2 to 359 days). Overall, C/B‐OPP extended survival by a median of 90 days (range, 2 to 426 days). Twenty‐four dogs (41%) experienced one or more episodes of Grade II or higher gastrointestinal toxicity. Forty‐one dogs (71%) experienced one or more episodes of Grade II or higher hematologic toxicity. Twelve dogs (20%) developed regenerative anemia with diarrhea consistent with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Treatment delays due to hematologic toxicity occurred in 37 dogs (63%). There were 16 nonfatal treatment‐related episodes of sepsis requiring hospitalization. 5 dogs died due to sepsis and/or chemotherapy‐related complications.
Conclusions:  C/B‐OPP chemotherapy has activity against relapsed canine lymphoma which is similar to that of traditional MOPP rescue therapy. Moderate to severe hematologic toxicity was observed. Further work is warranted to optimize drug doses and scheduling.  相似文献   

12.
Twenty-five dogs with malignant lymphoma refractory to chemotherapy were treated with actinomycin D at a median dose of 0.7 mg/m2 (range, 0.5 to 0.9 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. The dogs treated had received between 2 and 8 chemotherapeutic agents (median 7), for a median of 266 days before being treated with actinomycin D. For 23 of the 25 dogs, previous chemotherapy included doxorubicin. No dog responded to actinomycin D chemotherapy.  相似文献   

13.
A chemotherapeutic protocol using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin, and L-asparaginase (ACOPA II) was evaluated in dogs with lymphoma. The response rate for 68 dogs treated with ACOPA II (complete remission [CR] 65%, partial remission [PR] 10%) was lower than that for 41 dogs treated with a related protocol previously evaluated (ACOPA I; CR 76%, PR 12%). Initial treatment with doxorubicin and prednisone did not decrease the prevalence or severity of toxicity during induction. The mortality during induction was 22%. The median duration of CR for dogs treated with ACOPA II was 9 months, with 40% still in remission at 1 year and 21% at 2 years. The rate of CR was lower for dogs with signs of illness at presentation (substage b ) and for dogs weighing less than 15 kg. Age was negatively correlated with survival time and duration of remission. Dogs with immunoblastic lymphoma had a more favorable prognosis than did those with lymphoblastic lymphoma. Survival times were also longer for dogs in substage a at presentation. Seven dogs in which treatment was discontinued while in remission had comparable remission duration to that achieved by dogs receiving long-term maintenance chemotherapy.  相似文献   

14.
A Combination Chemotherapy Protocol (VELCAP-L) for Dogs with Lymphoma   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
Ninety-eight dogs with lymphoma treated with a 5-drug combination chemotherapy regimen (vincristine, L-asparaginase. cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone [VELCAP-L]) were evaluated for pretreatment characteristics predictive for response and remission duration. The complete remission rate was 69%, with a median remission duration of 55 weeks. Dogs with advanced stage of disease, constitutional signs, dogs that were older, and dogs that were dyspneic were less likely to achieve remission. Once in remission, small dogs and dogs without pretreatment thrombocytopenia were likely to have longer remission duration. Toxicoses were frequent, but rarely fatal, and no predictitive factors were found for a dog developing toxicoses. VELCAP-L is an effective treatment for dogs in stage I-III lymphoma, particularly in young, small animals.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: Canine lymphoma (LSA) is responsive to initial treatment, however, it then becomes resistant to drugs in the initial protocol. New rescue protocols are needed. HYPOTHESIS: A combination of L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone will be well tolerated and efficacious as a rescue therapy for dogs with LSA. ANIMALS: Thirty-one client owned dogs with cytologically confirmed multicentric LSA who were refractory or whose disease had relapsed after a CHOP (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone)-based chemotherapy protocol. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial. Lomustine (target dose, 70 mg/m2) was administered orally at 3-week intervals for a total of 5 doses or until disease progression. L-asparaginase (400 U/kg) was administered subcutaneously concurrently with the first 2 lomustine treatments. Prednisone was administered at a tapering dose for the duration of the protocol. RESULTS: Overall response rate for dogs treated with this protocol was 87% (27/31), with 52% (16/31) of dogs achieving a complete response. Median time to response was 21 days. Median time to progression was 63 days (111 days for dogs achieving a complete response and 42 days for dogs achieving a partial response). There were no significant differences in response rates and times to progression between dogs who had received L-asparaginase before beginning this rescue protocol and those who had not. Toxicoses were mild and self-limiting in 29 of 31 cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This is a well-tolerated rescue therapy for relapsing LSA in dogs. Response rates and remission durations compare favorably to other rescue protocols. Therefore, this protocol is a viable rescue option.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Dogs with multicentric lymphoma are treated with various cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP)-based chemotherapy protocols with variable success.
Objectives: To describe the progression-free survival (PFS) time and overall survival time (OST) of dogs with T-cell lymphoma or hypercalcemic lymphoma treated with l -asparaginase and mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine (MOPP).
Animals: Fifty dogs with T-cell lymphoma, hypercalcemic lymphoma, or both treated at 3 referral veterinary hospitals.
Methods: Retrospective study. Case were selected based on histologic or cytologic diagnosis of lymphoma; presence of the T-cell phenotype, presence of hypercalcemia or both; and absence of previous chemotherapy. The T-cell phenotype was determined by flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, or polymerase chain reaction of antigen receptor rearrangement.
Results: The overall response rate was 98% (78% complete response, 20% partial response). The median PFS for the entire study population was 189 days with 25% PFS at 939 days. The median OST for the entire study population was 270 days with 25% surviving 939 days. Twenty percent of the dogs required hospitalization for treatment related complications.
Conclusions and clinical importance: l -Asp/MOPP chemotherapy might result in longer PFS and OST for dogs with multicentric T-cell lymphoma, dogs with hypercalcemic lymphoma or both, than achieved with CHOP.  相似文献   

17.
Dogs with malignant lymphoma were given chemotherapy consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, prednisone, L-asparaginase, and 6-mercaptopurine (MOPA-6) for 14 days. Among 62 dogs that completed treatment with MOPA-6, 47 (76%) had complete remission, and 13 (21%) had partial remission and 2 had no response to chemotherapy. Twenty-two of the 62 dogs were not returned by their owners for additional therapy and died 15 to 391 (median 21) days after MOPA-6 from infections or recurrent disease. A median of 1 month after starting MOPA-6 therapy, 40 dogs (35 in complete remission, 5 in partial remission) were given total body irradiation (TBI), followed by infusion of fresh autologous marrow. Twenty dogs were given 13.5 Gray (Gy) of TBI at 4 centi-Gray (cGy)/min. Among 16 evaluable dogs, 7 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 169 days. Two dogs died with veno-occlusive disease of the liver, 3 with pneumonia, 3 with hemorrhage, and 1 was killed. Twenty dogs were given 11.8 to 14.7 Gy of TBI at 2 cGy/min. Among 14 evaluable dogs, 9 had recurrence of lymphoma at a median of 117 days. The remaining 5 dogs were killed at 110 to 680 days; lymphoma was not present at necropsy. The results indicated that doses of TBI of 11.8 to 14.7 Gy did not reduce the recurrence of lymphoma, compared with results obtained in a previous study with 8.4 Gy of TBI. Furthermore, increased doses of TBI increased acute and delayed toxicities. Alternatively, recurrent disease may have been due to lymphoma cells contained in the infused remission marrow.  相似文献   

18.
Treatment of Relapsed Canine Lymphoma With Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Fifteen dogs with relapsed lymphoma were treated with doxorubicin and dacarbazine (ADIC) to reinduce remission. All the dogs' lymphomas had become resistant to prior therapy with doxorubicin alone. Five of the 15 dogs had a complete response to the first treatment with ADIC, and three had partial responses. Of the eight dogs receiving a second cycle, two had complete responses, and one had a partial response. One dog that received a third ADIC treatment no longer responded. The median survival time from the first ADIC treatment for all dogs was 45 days (range, 18-241 days). The five dogs having complete responses to the first ADIC treatment had a median survival time of 105 days (range, 45-241 days) after this treatment. Toxicity due to ADIC treatment was acceptable and did not exceed that seen when doxorubicin was given as a single agent. The treatment resulted in severe neutropenia in three dogs. One dog died due to neutropenic sepsis. Vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia occurred, but were tolerable, resulting in hospitalization in only one instance. ADIC is apparently a useful chemotherapeutic combination to reinduce remission in some dogs with relapsed lymphoma.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of asparaginase administered s.c. versus i.m. for treatment of multicentric lymphoma in dogs receiving doxorubicin. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 49 dogs with multicentric lymphoma. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated with doxorubicin every 3 weeks, for a total of 5 treatments, and were given 3 weekly treatments of asparaginase, s.c. or i.m. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, mean plasma asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, and glutamic acid concentrations were determined in dogs before and during treatment with asparaginase (10,000 U/m2 of body surface area, once a week for 3 weeks). Asparaginase was administered s.c. in 23 dogs and i.m. in 26 dogs. Variables evaluated included time to response to chemotherapy, remission and survival times, and clinical and serum biochemical indicators of toxicoses. RESULTS: Using the World Health Organization's staging system for lymphoma, 30 dogs were in clinical stage III and 19 were in clinical stage IV. One week after asparaginase treatment, plasma asparagine concentrations were low and plasma aspartic acid, glutamine, and glutamic acid concentrations were high. Differences in plasma amino acid concentrations were not found between s.c. and i.m. groups. For dogs in clinical stage IV, i.m. administration of asparaginase significantly decreased the number of days to complete remission, compared with s.c. administration (8 vs 17 days, respectively). For dogs in clinical stage III, i.m. administration favorably increased the duration of first remission (191 vs 103 days) and survival time (289 vs 209 days). Overall, dogs treated i.m. had a faster response to chemotherapy (9 vs 15 days), a longer remission (191 vs 109 days), and a longer survival time (286 vs 198 days), compared with all dogs treated s.c. Asparaginase toxicoses were not observed regardless of the route of administration. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: For dogs with multicentric lymphoma that are receiving doxorubicin, i.m. treatment with asparaginase is more effective than s.c. treatment.  相似文献   

20.
In this retrospective study, a 6-drug (prednisone, L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and actinomycin-D) chemotherapy protocol with extended maintenance for the treatment of lymphoma was evaluated for efficacy and toxicity in 39 dogs. The complete remission rate was 97%, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 331 d. The median overall survival (OS) was 461 d. Of the variables evaluated for prognostic significance, only immunophenotype and sex were found to be prognostic. Dogs with T-cell lymphoma had shorter PFS and OS than dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Castrated male dogs had a shorter PFS and OS than spayed female dogs. Although the majority of dogs experienced one or more episodes of chemotherapy associated toxicity, the majority of these episodes were mild and self-limiting. The results of this study warrant further investigation into the value of extended maintenance therapy and inclusion of actinomycin-D in combination chemotherapy protocols for canine lymphoma.  相似文献   

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