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1.
FtsZ is a tubulin homolog and the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial cell division. It assembles into the Z ring, which contains FtsZ and a dozen other division proteins, and constricts to divide the cell. We have constructed a membrane-targeted FtsZ (FtsZ-mts) by splicing an amphipathic helix to its C terminus. When mixed with lipid vesicles, FtsZ-mts was incorporated into the interior of some tubular vesicles. There it formed multiple Z rings that could move laterally in both directions along the length of the liposome and coalesce into brighter Z rings. Brighter Z rings produced visible constrictions in the liposome, suggesting that FtsZ itself can assemble the Z ring and generate a force. No other proteins were needed for assembly and force generation. 相似文献
2.
Beech PL Nheu T Schultz T Herbert S Lithgow T Gilson PR McFadden GI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5456):1276-1279
A homolog of the bacterial cell division gene ftsZ was isolated from the alga Mallomonas splendens. The nuclear-encoded protein (MsFtsZ-mt) was closely related to FtsZs of the alpha-proteobacteria, possessed a mitochondrial targeting signal, and localized in a pattern consistent with a role in mitochondrial division. Although FtsZs are known to act in the division of chloroplasts, MsFtsZ-mt appears to be a mitochondrial FtsZ and may represent a mitochondrial division protein. 相似文献
3.
Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 at 2.5 A resolution 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
beta-lactamases are enzymes that protect bacteria from the lethal effects of beta-lactam antibiotics, and are therefore of considerable clinical importance. The crystal structure of beta-lactamase from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus PC1 has been determined at 2.5 angstrom resolution. It reveals a molecule of novel topology, made up of two closely associated domains. The active site is located at the interface between the domains, with the key catalytic residue Ser70 at the amino terminus of a buried helix. Examination of the disposition of the functionally important residues within the active site depression leads to a model for the binding of a substrate and a functional analogy to the serine proteases. The unusual topology of the secondary structure units is relevant to questions concerning the evolutionary relation to the beta-lactam target enzymes of the bacterial cell wall. 相似文献
4.
为了解拮抗菌X23发酵液对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌作用及机理,将拮抗菌X23发酵液与金黄色葡萄球菌作用后,运用琼脂平板倾注法检测菌体克隆数,扫描电镜观察菌体形态,透射电镜观察菌体超微结构。结果表明:拮抗菌X23发酵液与金黄色葡萄球菌作用60、90、120 min后,金黄色葡萄球菌克隆数极显著低于生理盐水对照组(P<0.01);与拮抗菌X23发酵液作用60 min后,金黄色葡萄球菌菌体表面出现囊状小突起,细胞膜皱褶并最终破裂,菌体内出现大块透电子区,胞浆内容物稀疏,胞质不均匀,胞内空泡变性加重,分裂相减少,菌体溶解。推测拮抗菌X23发酵液可以通过破坏细胞膜结构而杀死金黄色葡萄球菌。 相似文献
5.
利用简并引物RT-PCR,首次从复叶槭中克隆到569 bp的FtsZ基因cDNA片段,其与GenBank已经登录的FtsZ基因氨基酸序列的同源性为96.90%,并具有FtsZ蛋白的核心功能序列GGGTGSG。从上述序列中选取300 bp的序列,分别克隆其正、反义基因片段,同时,克隆GUS基因的1个内含子,作为间隔区基因。将正义、间隔区和反义3个基因片段串联,插入到植物表达载体p3300-35ST中,构建复叶槭RNA干扰载体p35ST-AnFtsZi。为接下来遗传转化、培育复叶槭彩叶新品种奠定基础。 相似文献
6.
In both animal and yeast cells, signaling pathways involving small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate polarized organization of the actin cytoskeleton. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Ras-like GTPase Bud1/Rsr1 and its guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)/guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) exchange factor Bud5 are involved in the selection of a specific site for growth, thus determining cell polarity. We found that Bud5 is localized at the cell division site and the presumptive bud site. Its localization is dependent on potential cellular landmarks, such as Bud3 and Axl2/Bud10 in haploid cells and Bud8 and Bud9 in diploid cells. Bud5 also physically interacts with Axl2/Bud10, a transmembrane glycoprotein, suggesting that a receptor-like transmembrane protein recruits a GDP/GTP exchange factor to connect an intrinsic spatial signal to oriented cell growth. 相似文献
7.
Germination in spores of the fern Onoclea sensibilis is initiated by an asymmetric division that partitions the spore into two cells of unequal size. The unequal daughter cells differentiate immediately into distinct types. When spores are germinated on the surface of solutions of methanol, the initial division is symmetrical, and the daughter cells from this equal division develop into the same type of cell. The differentiation of a rhizoid from the smaller cell in untreated spores is suppressed by methanol treatment. 相似文献
8.
甘薯花青素的提取及其抑菌效果分析 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：38
建立了甘薯块根花青素（sweetpotato anthocyanin,SPAC）的大孔树脂吸附制备技术，分析了其抑菌作用和机理。结果表明，在0.8%柠檬酸、物料比1∶200，60℃温水浴提取2 h的条件下可获得最大的提取率3.81 mg·g-1。 粗提物经AB-8大孔树脂过柱纯化后可获得色价为225.1E的纯品，色价提高6倍。研究发现SPAC对3种常见致病菌均有抑菌作用，并与其浓度呈正相关。通过电镜观察、SDS-PAGE分析及生长曲线比较表明，SPAC抑菌机理是通过SPAC与细胞中的蛋白或酶结合，使其变性失活，抑制对数生长期的细胞分裂，而后使细胞质固缩、解体，导致细胞死亡。SPAC具有色素和抑菌双重功能，是理想的功能性天然色素。 相似文献
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10.
《农业科学学报》2016,(2)
Fruit size is one of the most important agronomic characters,which is mainly determined by cell number and cell size.However,our current knowledge about pear is largely unknown.Through counting of pear mesocarp cells at different stages,we found that the cell number,rather than the cell size,is responsible for the differences between small- and large-fruited cultivars.Fruit weight-2.2(fw2.2) is an important quantitative trait locus(QTL) affecting fruit weight in tomato and functions as a negative regulator in carpel cell division.To get more insights into this QTL in pear fruit development,we isolated two putative homologous fw2.2 genes,which were designated as fw2.2-like(PbFWL) genes.PbFWLs encode Cys-rich proteins with the CCXXXXCPC motif and belong to the PLAC8 superfamily.In addition,results from the subcellular localization indicated that PbFWLs were localized in the plasma membrane.The expression profile of the PbFWL genes by qRT-PCR showed they expressed higher in small-sized fruit cultivar than that in large-sized fruit cultivar during the cell division period.In summary,our data suggest that these two PbFWLs might be negatively related to the cell division in pear fruit. 相似文献
11.
太行山石灰岩山地水土保持林立地类型的划分 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用２３６块野外标准地资料,运用数量化理论Ｉ及广义方差分析方法,研究了土层厚度,海拔、坡向为影响林木生长的主导立地因子。３个主导因子共构成６０个立地类型,参照石灰岩山地油松、侧柏、刺槐等树种立地划分研究结果。将６０个立地类型中的３５个划为适于用材林的立地类型。剩余２５个为水保林的立地类型。利用最优分割法。将２５个水保林立地类型划分为３个立地类型组。并对每个立地类型且的立地特点及生产力做了评价。 相似文献
12.
Red tide-forming dinoflagellates maximize cell numbers during periods of low light intensities in two ways. For short-term exposures to suboptimal light intensities such as might occur during recirculation in frontal convergences, cell division rates can be maintained at the expense of stored carbon for up to two generation times. During longer periods, corresponding to subsurface transport below a pycnocline, cell division rates eventually decrease as a portion of the fixed carbon is diverted to replenishing stored carbon. As a result, maximum rates of cell division can be resumed rapidly upon advection into surface waters where light intensities are optimal for growth. 相似文献
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14.
Yoshida Y Kuroiwa H Misumi O Nishida K Yagisawa F Fujiwara T Nanamiya H Kawamura F Kuroiwa T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5792):1435-1438
Chloroplast division involves plastid-dividing, dynamin, and FtsZ (PDF) rings. We isolated intact supertwisted (or spiral) and circular PDF machineries from chloroplasts of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. After individual intact PDF machineries were stretched to four times their original lengths with optical tweezers, they spontaneously returned to their original sizes. Dynamin-released PDF machineries did not retain the spiral structure and could not be stretched. Thus, dynamin may generate the motive force for contraction by filament sliding in dividing chloroplasts, in addition to pinching-off the membranes. 相似文献
15.
A key issue in signal transduction is how signaling pathways common to many systems-so-called canonical signaling cassettes-integrate signals from molecules having a wide spectrum of activities, such as hormones and neurotrophins, to deliver distinct biological outcomes. The neuroendocrine cell line PC12, derived from rat pheochromocytoma, provides an example of how one canonical signaling cassette-the Raf --> mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) --> extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-can promote distinct outcomes, which in this case include neuritogenesis, gene induction, and proliferation. Two growth hormones, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), use the same pathway to cause PC12 proliferation and differentiation, respectively. In addition, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neurotransmitter that also causes differentiation, uses the same canonical cassette as NGF but in a different way. The Connections Map for PC12 Cell Differentiation brings into focus the complex array of specific cellular responses that rely on canonical signal transduction systems. 相似文献
16.
Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the amyloid precursor associated with Alzheimer's disease 总被引：73，自引：0，他引：73
B A Yankner L R Dawes S Fisher L Villa-Komaroff M L Oster-Granite R L Neve 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,245(4916):417-420
Amyloid deposition in senile plaques and the cerebral vasculature is a marker of Alzheimer's disease. Whether amyloid itself contributes to the neurodegenerative process or is simply a by-product of that process is unknown. Pheochromocytoma (PC12) and fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cell lines were transfected with portions of the gene for the human amyloid precursor protein. Stable PC12 cell transfectants expressing a specific amyloid-containing fragment of the precursor protein gradually degenerated when induced to differentiate into neuronal cells with nerve growth factor. Conditioned medium from these cells was toxic to neurons in primary hippocampal cultures, and the toxic agent could be removed by immunoabsorption with an antibody directed against the amyloid polypeptide. Thus, a peptide derived from the amyloid precursor may be neurotoxic. 相似文献
17.
A persisting, free-running, circadian rhythm of cell division in a heterotrophically grown mutant of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris having impaired photosynthesis is obtained upon placing a culture that has been previously synchronized by a 10,14 light-dark cycle into continuous darkness at 19 degrees C (but not at 25 degrees C). A similar persisting rhythm is initiated in exponentially increasing cultures (growing in darkness at 19 degrees C) by a single "switch-up" in irradiance to continuous bright illumination. The results implicate an endogenous biological clock which "gates" the specific event of cell division in the cell developmental cycle. 相似文献
18.
Yoshida S Kono K Lowery DM Bartolini S Yaffe MB Ohya Y Pellman D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):108-111
The links between the cell cycle machinery and the cytoskeletal proteins controlling cytokinesis are poorly understood. The small guanine nucleotide triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein RhoA stimulates type II myosin contractility and formin-dependent assembly of the cytokinetic actin contractile ring. We found that budding yeast Polo-like kinase Cdc5 controls the targeting and activation of Rho1 (RhoA) at the division site via Rho1 guanine nucleotide exchange factors. This role of Cdc5 (Polo-like kinase) in regulating Rho1 is likely to be relevant to cytokinesis and asymmetric cell division in other organisms. 相似文献
19.
When prototrophic yeast cells are cultured under nutrient-limited conditions that mimic growth in the wild, rather than in the high-glucose solutions used in most laboratory studies, they exhibit a robustly periodic metabolic cycle. Over a cycle of 4 to 5 hours, yeast cells rhythmically alternate between glycolysis and respiration. The cell division cycle is tightly constrained to the reductive phase of this yeast metabolic cycle, with DNA replication taking place only during the glycolytic phase. We show that cell cycle mutants impeded in metabolic cycle-directed restriction of cell division exhibit substantial increases in spontaneous mutation rate. In addition, disruption of the gene encoding a DNA checkpoint kinase that couples the cell division cycle to the circadian cycle abolishes synchrony of the metabolic and cell cycles. Thus, circadian, metabolic, and cell division cycles may be coordinated similarly as an evolutionarily conserved means of preserving genome integrity. 相似文献
20.
[目的]研究南瓜花粉母细胞的减数分裂及其雄配子体发育过程,以期为南瓜花药培养等方面研究提供一定细胞学依据。[方法]采用爱氏苏木精染色-冬青油透明技术对南瓜"天虹"的花粉母细胞减数分裂及其雄配子体发育过程中细胞结构变化和染色体行为进行了观察研究。[结果]南瓜花粉母细胞在细胞核分裂过程中,核膜核仁于中期I消失,末期I重新出现,此时形成2个新月形的细胞核,两核之间出现成膜体,但未出现细胞壁,该成膜体在中期Ⅱ又逐渐消失,末期Ⅱ重新出现。第2次分裂纺锤体中央离心扩散的成膜体与第1次分裂两核相对的中央界面形成的成膜体相连,小孢子细胞壁向心产生。多数四分体中包含四个子细胞,少数还含有额外的小细胞。单核靠边期核仁由1个分解成2～3个或多个,进入有丝分裂前期,成熟花粉为二细胞型。1.0～2.0cm长花蕾中多数花粉细胞处于单核期,可以将其作为花药或小孢子培养的取材依据。[结论]该研究结果为南瓜细胞遗传学方面的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献