共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
以福建省34份余甘子遗传资源为材料,采用20个具特异扩增的多态性引物对福建省34份余甘子基因型进行扩增,20个引物,在34份供试材料中总共扩增出259个位点,且均是多态的,多态性程度达100%,平均每个引物扩增12.95个位点。同时,获得了19个引物对23份材料扩增的RAPD特征标记47个,17个引物在36对材料上共扩增出36个共享特征RAPD标记;采用ED(欧氏距离)法进行RAPD标记的聚类分析则可将福建34份余甘子遗传资源明显划分为惠安余甘和莆田余甘两大类。各供试材料之间的遗传距离范围为0.00～1.00,其中栽培品种与野生资源之间遗传距离在0.43～1.00之间;莆田余甘资源与惠安余甘资源之间遗传距离为0.27～0.99。 相似文献
2.
小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种遗传多样性的表型和SSR标记分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为更深入地揭示小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种（系）的遗传多样性,从而为进一步选育抗虫品种提供依据,在对田间虫圃1 562份小麦品种（系）损失率鉴定的基础上,取47份年度间鉴定抗性结果较为一致的材料,利用表型和SSR标记,进行遗传多样性分析。这些抗麦红吸浆虫品种农艺性状表现出较大的差异,表型聚类在遗传距离为0.68处将供试材料分为6个类群。19对SSR标记在47份不同抗性品种中检测到104个等位基因,能够将所有品种区分开来,每对引物可以检测到3～8个等位基因,平均5.47个。47个小麦品种间遗传距离为0.40～0.95,平均为0.71。SSR标记聚类分析在遗传距离为0.74处将供试材料分为6大类群。Mental测验结果表明,表型同基因型距离矩阵间存在显著正相关（r=0.76,P〈0.05）。抗虫品种晋麦65号单独聚为一类,同其余品种具有较远的亲缘关系,可作为新的抗源用于抗虫育种,并在吸浆虫发生地块推广种植。 相似文献
3.
利用SRAP分析东北地区甜菜品系遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用SRAP分子标记方法对东北地区的100份甜菜材料进行了遗传多样性分析。利用4个表型差异显著的甜菜品系对SRAP的88对引物组合进行扩增,筛选出有效引物组合33对。SRAP的33对引物组合共产生694条扩增带,其中有424条多态性条带,多态性条带的比率平均为61.0%。按照UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,在遗传距离0.20处,将参试材料分为四大类群,分别为高产低糖低抗型、中产高糖高抗型、高产高糖高抗型、高产低糖抗丛根病型。聚类结果与生物学和经济学性状分类基本吻合,较好地显示了甜菜材料丰富的遗传多样性和遗传基础的差异性。遗传相似系数平均值大小为国外引进品种0.8642单胚品系0.7910多胚四倍体品系0.7497多胚二倍体品系0.7101。从聚类图来看,只有个别材料和外国品种聚类到一起,可能是由外国品种杂交改良而成,遗传基础相近。从SRAP扩增条带来看,外国材料只有8～12条,东北材料有16～28条之多,中外材料之间确实存在较大差异,东北材料中缺少丰产基因型,可能是基因组成比较复杂所致。 相似文献
4.
选用6份有代表性的陕西茶树资源材料,从121条SCo T引物中筛选出38条扩增条带清晰、多态性高的引物,对陕西省50个茶树资源进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明,SCo T标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性,每条引物可检测到4~17个等位位点,平均为11个,38条SCo T引物共扩增出414条DNA片段,其中400条具有多态性,多态性比率(PPB)为96.62%。每个SCo T位点的遗传多态性信息含量在0.56~0.99之间,平均为0.90。供试材料的遗传相似系数集中在0.59~0.71之间。研究表明,SCo T标记可以用来对茶树进行遗传基础研究,基于SCo T标记的陕西省主要茶树资源遗传多样性较高。 相似文献
5.
应用分子标记探讨多胚亚麻的分类地位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨一种多胚亚麻种质的分类地位,应用RAPD(随机扩增多态性)与ISSR(简单序列重复区间扩增多态性)分子标记相结合的方法对包括多胚亚麻在内的24个亚麻栽培种质进行了分类和亲缘关系分析.结果从70条RAPD引物和21条ISSR引物中筛选出对亚麻有效引物10条.利用NTSYSpc2.10e软件计算24个亚麻品种问的遗传相似系数(GS)和遗传距离(GD),在Gs=0.73处,将24份材料明显分为4个类群:多胚品系1-6Ha-3单独聚到第二类群,1-6Ha-3与其他23个材料间遗传相似系数分布在0.6522～0.7739之间,其中与原2005-21、98-338遗传距离最近,为0.2261;而与黑亚10号、原2006-13、黑亚11号的遗传距离最大,为0.3478. 相似文献
6.
通过分子标记估算遗传距离预测甘蓝型油菜的杂种优势 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：16
用甘蓝型油菜4个恢复系、3个保持系及其相应的12个F1代共19份材料，研究SSR和SRAP两种分子标记方法估算的遗传距离与油菜重要性状杂种优势的关系。结果发现，在4个恢复系和3个保持系中，45对SSR引物共扩增出87条多态性条带，25对SRAP引物共扩增出131条多态性条带。基于SSR标记估算的遗传距离与产量杂种优势的相关系数为0.423,决定系数为0.179。基于SRAP标记估算的遗传距离与产量杂种优势的相关系数为0.654 （达到0.05显著水平），决定系数为0.428。基于SSR和SRAP混合数据计算的遗传距离与小区产量杂种优势的相关系数为0.642（达到0.05显著水平），决定系数为0.412。表明SRAP标记对产量杂种优势预测的效果要显著高于SSR标记预测的效果，是目前为止报道的通过鉴定亲本遗传多态性预测油菜杂种优势最为有效的分子标记手段，可作为油菜杂种优势预测的一种有效辅助方法。 相似文献
7.
本研究首次利用一种新的分子标记IT-ISJ(Intron-targeted intron-exon splice junction,内含子-外显子拼接位点)对34份来自中国青藏高原、欧洲和北美的栽培青稞品种(系)进行了多态性分析。结果表明:20对引物组合共扩增出87条条带,平均每对引物组合4.35条条带。其中81条具有多态性,多态性条带为93.10%。共扩增出134个等位变异,变幅为2～11个,平均每个引物对检测到6.7个。34份材料间的遗传相似系数(GS)变幅在0.437～0.931之间,平均为0.743±0.094。材料间平均遗传距离较低,仅为0.257,遗传多样性在0.2509～0.8460之间,平均为0.59。本结果表明IT-ISJ标记能有效用于大麦遗传多样性分析、品种鉴定,遗传图谱构建及分子标记辅助选择育种中。因此,大麦育种者在杂交育种中应广泛发现和挖掘优异青稞资源,扩大青稞种质的遗传基础,提高青稞育种效率。 相似文献
8.
新型特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜的遗传多样性及其杂种优势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SSR和SRAP两种分子标记技术研究了通过甘蓝型油菜与白菜型油菜种间杂交培育出的新型特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜品系的遗传多样性,利用其中10个恢复系和3个保持系转育而来的不育系进行NCⅡ双列杂交,测定其杂种优势,并分析遗传距离与杂种优势的关系.研究结果表明:(1) 30对SRAP引物扩增出250条多态性条带,多态性比率为61.9%.39对SSR标记共扩增出145条多态性条带,多态性比率为97.3%.(2)两种标记混合聚类结果表明,在相似系数0.588处可将全部材料划分为A、B两大类群,其中A类包含一个来自039×浩油11号的甘白种间杂交后代和白菜型亲本浩油11号,B类包含039、E144和其余的甘白种间杂交后代.在相似系数0.714处B类又可以分为6个不同的亚类,两个甘蓝型亲本材料单独聚在一个亚类中,其余的64份甘白种间杂交后代分别聚在5个不同的亚类中,说明新型特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜品系具有丰富的遗传多样性.(3)配制的30个杂交组合中,产量超亲优势在20%以上的有22个,占组合数的73.3%,产量杂种优势非常明显,而含油量杂种优势不明显.(4)SRAP标记遗传距离与产量杂种优势达到极显著正相关;而SSR标记遗传距离与产量杂种优势相关不显著.因此,利用分子标记技术预测油菜的杂种优势,SRAP标记效果更好. 相似文献
9.
龙生型花生中的微卫星变异研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究用24份龙生型花生资源作研究材料,采用31个微卫星标记引物检测其分子水平上的遗传变异,其中13个引物能在龙生型花生基因组中扩增出多态性DNA片段.研究结果表明,在龙生型花生基因组中,一对SSR引物可扩增出2条以上的DNA片段,扩增片段数最多的是Pm36,在24份龙生型花生资源中扩增出16个大小不同的DNA片段;由这些多态性标记检测出的遗传距离,平均为0.17,最高为0.33,最低为0.03,但能区分所有的24份资源.对分子标记在花生育种和资源鉴定上的利用前景进行了分析讨论. 相似文献
10.
基于甘薯叶绿体基因组,利用cpSSR分子标记,对104份甘薯栽培品种和地方品种进行遗传多样性分析并构建指纹图谱,为甘薯资源的保护鉴定和遗传改良提供参考。使用了11对cpSSR引物,在104个甘薯材料中总共扩增得到58条条带,多态性条带为47条,单条引物平均扩增的条带数为5.27,平均多态性百分率为81.03%。根据引物在甘薯材料中的扩增结果,构建104个甘薯品种的指纹图谱。对104个甘薯品种的扩增结果进行聚类分析,每个品种间的遗传距离为0.0386~5.2723,平均遗传距离为0.2201,在遗传系数为0.74时将104个甘薯品种分为5组。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
12.
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献