共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
养殖大黄鱼加工和冰藏过程中鲜度和细菌类型的变化 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
通过对养殖海水以及捕获、加工、流通和冰藏等整个供应链过程养殖大黄鱼的温度履历、感官、化学、微生物的品质监测,评估养殖海水、碎冰和加工过程中大黄鱼细菌卫生状况,分析其在整个过程鲜度和细菌相变化。结果表明,养殖海水和碎冰的菌落总数分别为4.99±0.41 lg cfu/g和3.90±0.32 lg cfu/g,大肠菌群数分别为30~450 MNP/100 g和低于30 MNP/100 g;新捕获养殖大黄鱼的菌落总数为3.82±0.38 lg cfu/g,假单胞菌数为3.13±0.58 lg cfu/g,嗜冷菌数为2.82±0.60 lg cfu/g,大肠菌群数为低于30 MPN/100 g;冰藏第18天时TVBN含量为28.62±0.51 mg/100 g,菌落总数、假单胞菌数、嗜冷菌数和大肠菌群数分别为6.24±0.06lg cfu/g、6.01±0.25 lg cfu/g、5.68±0.21 lg cfu/g和30 MPN/100 g。养殖海水和新捕获鱼中细菌种类繁多,革兰氏阴性菌分别占其总菌株数的64.9%和56.8%;革兰氏阳性菌分别占其总菌株数的27.0%和42.0%;优势菌群为黏性威克斯菌、腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌属。加工结束后,假单胞菌(34.9%)、玫瑰小球菌(32.6%)和缺陷短波单胞菌(14.0%)成为主要菌群。冰藏第4天时仅分离出4种不同类型的细菌,腐败希瓦氏菌比例上升明显,冰藏第10天和第18天时,所占比例分别为63.5%和69.1%,是冷却链养殖大黄鱼产品的优势腐败菌。 相似文献
2.
冷藏养殖大黄鱼细菌相组成和优势腐败菌鉴定 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
从菌落和细胞形态、生理生化特征、细胞脂肪酸组成及同源性分析等方面，结合使用Sensititre、BioFosun、MIDI细菌鉴定系统对0 ℃、5 ℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼货架期终点细菌相进行定性和定量研究，确定优势腐败菌。0 ℃、5 ℃冷藏优势菌为腐败希瓦氏菌，比例分别为75.5%、59.6%，在营养琼脂和胰酶解大豆胨琼脂培养基上菌落圆状隆起，边缘整齐，透明，无色至粉红色，革兰氏阴性杆菌，极生单鞭毛，大小为(0.6～0.9) μm×(1.5～3.3) μm，最适生长温度25～35 ℃、最适pH 7～9。菌株氧化酶和H2S呈阳性，能还原TMAO、液化明胶和Tween40，利用N乙酰基D葡萄糖胺等有机物。菌体主要脂肪酸为16∶1ω7c 、iso15∶0、17∶1ω8c、16∶0，比例分别为21.31 %、13.63%、9.82%、9.76%。菌株测试特征与细菌鉴定系统数据库比照，确定优势腐败菌为腐败希瓦氏菌。 相似文献
3.
对养殖尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)0～10℃贮藏过程中感官、化学、微生物品质和细菌种群消长研究表明,初始样品挥发性盐基氮为(8.08±0.29)mg/(100g),菌落总数(CFU/g)的对数值为4.79±0.60;细菌种群复杂,种类繁多,分离到570株菌,其中80.5%为革兰氏阴性菌,13.6%为革兰氏阳性菌,优势菌是假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.)(36.5%)、肠杆菌科细菌(Enterobacteriaceae)(14.2%)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)(15.3%),同时检出了一定比例的不动杆菌和其他细菌。冷藏过程中肠杆菌科细菌、气单胞菌等生长受到抑制,细菌菌相组成逐渐变得单一,适应低温环境下革兰氏阴性菌比例不断增加,0℃、5℃、10℃贮藏至货架期终点时,阴性菌的比例分别达到86.4%、88.9%、100.0%;假单胞菌增殖显著,比例分别达到80.7%、68.1%、60.0%,可确认其为0～10℃贮藏罗非鱼的优势腐败菌。假单胞菌的种类变化趋势显示,优势顺序分别为荧光假单胞菌(P.uorescens)、恶臭假单胞菌(P.putida)、铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)、产碱假单胞菌(P.alcaligenes),0℃、5℃、10℃贮藏至货架期终点时,假单胞菌中荧光假单胞菌分别占52.1%、53.1%、59.3%,可确认其为最优势种群。 相似文献
4.
冷藏养殖大黄鱼指数腐败货架期模型的构建与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过感官、化学、微生物学分析对0~10℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼鲜度和货架期进行研究,构建和验证了指数腐败货架期模型。结果表明,0~10℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼货架期终点时菌落总数、假单胞菌数、嗜冷菌数和产H2S细菌数分别为6.64~7.60、6.24~6.96、6.16~6.90、6.14~6.62 lg cfu/g,挥发性盐基氮和三甲胺分别为27.15~30.12 mg/100g和8.44~10.83 mg/100g。0、5、8和10℃冷藏大黄鱼的货架期分别为17.8±2.5、9.3±1.1、7.0和5.4±1.3 d,并用于构建指数腐败货架期模型。用0、3、7℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼货架期验证指数腐败货架期模型,相对误差为?6.1%~4.6%,显示该模型可以快速有效预测0~10℃冷藏养殖大黄鱼的剩余货架期。 相似文献
5.
冷藏大黄鱼SSO希瓦氏菌致腐能力差异机制初探 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为探讨特定腐败菌(SSO)希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)致腐能力的差异机制,采用生化和16S rDNA鉴定冷藏大黄鱼货架期终点的产H2S菌,在灭菌鱼汁和无菌鱼块筛选4株致腐差异的希瓦氏菌,扩增氧化三甲胺(TMAO)还原酶基因及分析其表达量,并预测其蛋白质的理化性质。结果显示,22株产H2S菌均为希瓦氏菌属,其中 S.baltica占54.5%,为S. putrefaciens占40.9%,S. hafniensis占4.5%。希瓦氏菌在灭菌鱼汁中致腐能力存在显著差异,其中S. balticaXH2和XH8的缺点评分和TVB-N最高,S. putrefaciensXH14和XH17菌最低。接种无菌鱼块的4株希瓦氏菌中XH2的样品在72h出现腐败气味,48h细菌高于107cfu/g,产生较高的TMA、TVB-N、尸胺和腐胺和,XH8菌次之,XH14和XH17菌最慢。四株希瓦氏菌都扩增出2490bp的torA基因,且torA基因的表达量与致腐能力密切相关,S.balticaXH2最高。预测的TorA蛋白中S.balticaXH2的分子量和不稳定指数最大,理论等电点和总平均疏水性最小。可见,S. baltica XH2为冷藏大黄鱼的SSO,其强致腐能力与torA基因高表达量和TorA蛋白理化性质有关。研究为阐明希瓦氏菌致腐机制奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
6.
建立和验证了用于预测冷藏养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)鲜度和剩余货架期的特定腐败菌生长动力学模型。感官、VBN评价和微生物生长动态分析表明,大黄鱼在0℃、5℃、10℃时有氧贮藏的特定腐败菌假单胞菌(Pseudomonasspp.)在感官货架期终点菌数NS(CFU.g-1)的对数(lgNS)平均值为6.48±0.14。将获得的假单胞菌在0℃、5℃、10℃的生长实验值用于建立生长动力学模型,结果显示,最大菌数Nmax(CFU.g-1)受贮藏温度的影响不大,在3种温度下lgNmax为7.18±0.031。温度对最大比生长速率(μmax)和延滞时间(Lag)的影响,采用Belehradek方程描述,呈现良好线性关系,R2分别为0.991和0.996。获得0~10℃有氧贮藏大黄鱼的剩余货架期(SL)预测模型为:SL=1/(0.093 8T+0.086)2-(7.18-lgN0)/[2.718×(0.009 6T+0.082 8)2]×ln-ln(6.48-lgN0)/(7.18-lgN0)-1(T为贮藏温度,N0为初始假单胞菌数)。用大黄鱼贮藏在3℃和8℃的货架期实测值验证建立的模型,预测值和实测值的相对误差分别为-8.89%和-6.59%,显示建立的模型可以快速可靠地实时预测0~10℃有氧贮藏大黄鱼的鲜度和剩余货架期。 相似文献
7.
对鲜活、加工和冷藏过程中的轻盐高湿青鱼制品品质及细菌种群消长进行定量和定性分析研究.结果表明,运达加工厂、处理和盐渍过程鱼体温度低于15℃,干燥过程鱼体温度约20℃;鲜鱼、花椒和食盐的菌落总数分别为1.8×103、1.5×103、4.0×102CFU/g;盐渍后鱼肉菌数略为上升,达到4.3×104CFU/g,干燥后菌数下降到3.9×103CFU/g,5℃冷藏过程中菌数不断上升.但TVBN变化不显著,初期腐败(第22天)时,感官仍可接受,TVBN为16.27±0.47mg/100g,菌落总数为1.51×107CFU/g.冷藏过程从产品中分离到314株菌,冷藏开始(第0天)时优势菌群为摩氏杆菌属(26.8%)、嗜冷杆菌属(22.4%)、葡萄球菌属(22.0%),并检出一定比例的棒状杆菌属(12.2%).冷藏过程中菌相逐渐变得单一,摩氏杆菌属和嗜冷杆菌属下降趋势明显,并逐渐消失,而葡萄球菌属呈上升趋势,第0、3、10、22天时,比例分别为22.0%、71.8%、90.5%和97.4%. 相似文献
8.
罗非鱼特定腐败菌生长动力学模型和货架期预测 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
以有氧冷藏养殖罗非鱼为研究对象,建立和验证了用于预测冷藏罗非鱼微生物学质量和剩余货架期的特定腐败菌生长动力学模型。感官、总挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)评价和微生物生长动态分析表明,罗非鱼在0～15℃贮藏中的特定腐败菌为假单胞菌,在0、5、10、15℃,感官货架期终点的假单胞菌数平均值为7.70±0.11log10cfu·g-1。假单胞菌在0、5、10、15℃的生长实验值用于建立生长动力学模型表明,Gompertz方程能很好地描述假单胞菌在0～15℃温度区域的生长动态。Nmax(最大菌数)受贮藏温度的影响不大,在4种温度下平均值在8.85±0.18log10cfu·g-1。温度对μmax(最大比生长速率)和Lag(延滞时间)的影响,采用Belehradek方程描述呈现良好线性关系。用贮藏在3、8℃假单胞菌的生长实验值,验证建立的模型,偏差度为0.97～1.01,准确度为1.02～1.04,货架期预测值和实测值的相对误差分别为3.47%和-7.91%,显示建立的模型可以快速可靠地实时预测0～15℃贮藏罗非鱼的微生物学质量和剩余货架期。 相似文献
9.
冷却链大黄鱼货架期预报系统的开发与评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过使用Visual Basic编程语言,完成了基于0~10℃腐败希瓦氏菌生长动力学模型建立的冷却链大黄鱼货架期预报系统的设计,验证了货架期预报系统的准确性。采用以自然污染鱼得到的实验数据建立特定腐败菌生长动力学模型的方法,提高了预测的准确性,腐败希瓦氏菌和剩余货架期预测值与实测值的可靠性评估表明,其相关系数R2分别为0.936和0.935,显示开发的冷却链大黄鱼货架期预报系统可以快速可靠地预测冰鲜大黄鱼的鲜度与剩余高品质期和货架期。系统开发过程中采用免安装处理,方便用户使用。 相似文献
10.
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献