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1.
Dexamethasone (Dexa) has been commonly used in humans and domestic animals, particularly in the treatment of tendon injuries and cartilage degeneration. However, it is often associated with tendon rupture and impaired tendon and cartilage healing. In the present study, we investigated Dexa's in vitro effects on the growth of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in canine Achilles tendon cells and chondrocytes. Cell proliferation after treatment with Dexa for two to six days was quantified by a 2,3-bis{2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl}-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt assay (XTT). The results showed that Dexa could inhibit the proliferation of tendon cells and chondrocytes at increasing concentrations (0.1-50 microg/ml) compared with untreated cells. Cell apoptosis was induced by Dexa, as evidenced by the typical nuclear apoptosis using Hoechst 33258 staining. Dexa increased the apoptosis of canine tendon cells and chondrocytes in a time-dependent manner. In canine tendon cells and chondrocytes that were treated with 25 and 50 microg/ml concentration of Dexa, the number of condensed apoptotic nuclei was significantly increased. In addition, culturing with Dexa and the glucocorticoid receptor blocker, mifepristone, significantly arrested apoptosis of tendon cells and chondrocytes. Based on our in vitro data, we hypothesized that in vivo treatment with glucocorticoids may diminish the proliferation of tendon and cartilage cells by increasing apoptosis and suppressing the proliferation. Our findings suggest that Dexa could be used with caution in dogs with articular or tendon problems.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of enrofloxacin and magnesium deficiency on explants of equine articular cartilage. SAMPLE POPULATION: Articular cartilage explants and cultured chondrocytes obtained from adult and neonatal horses. PROCEDURE: Full-thickness explants and cultured chondrocytes were incubated in complete or magnesium-deficient media containing enrofloxacin at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 25, 100, and 500 microg/ml. Incorporation and release of sulfate 35S over 24 hours were used to assess glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and degradation. An assay that measured binding of dimethylmethylene blue dye was used to compare total GAG content between groups. Northern blots of RNA from cultured chondrocytes were probed with equine cDNA of aggrecan, type-II collagen, biglycan, decorin, link protein, matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 13, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. RESULTS: A dose-dependent suppression of 35S incorporation was observed. In cartilage of neonates, 35S incorporation was substantially decreased at enrofloxacin concentrations of 25 mg/ml. In cartilage of adult horses, 35S incorporation was decreased only at enrofloxacin concentrations of > or =100 microg/ml. Magnesium deficiency caused suppression of 35S incorporation. Enrofloxacin or magnesium deficiency did not affect GAG degradation or endogenous GAG content. Specific effects of enrofloxacin on steady-state mRNA for the various genes were not observed. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Enrofloxacin may have a detrimental effect on cartilage metabolism in horses, especially in neonates.  相似文献   

3.
Introduction:  MCC, a cell wall composition prepared from Mycobacterium phlei ., inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis in a wide range of tumor cells. Bisphosphonates have been reported to inhibit the proliferation of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. In this study, we have determined the activity of MCC alone and in combination with the bisphosphonates alendronate and pamidronate on canine osteosarcoma cell lines.
Methods:  Canine osteosarcoma cell lines D17 and D22 were incubated with different concentrations of MCC (0.01–100 μg/ml) and suboptimal concentrations of alendronate and pamidronate for 72 hours. Cellular proliferation was measured by MTT reduction. Nuclear DNA condensation was determined using with Hoescht 33258 staining, and apoptosis by flow cytometry using active‐caspase‐3/PE and anti‐cleaved‐PARP/FITC antibodies.
Results:  MCC inhibited the proliferation of both canine osteosarcoma D17 and D22 cell lines in a concentration‐dependent manner. The IC50 for D17 cells was 3.9 μg/ml and for D22 cells 44.4 μg/ml. Cells incubated with 100 μg/ml MCC were positive for Hoescht staining, active caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP, indicative of cell death by apoptosis. The addition of alendronate or pamidronate was found to potentiate the apoptosis‐inducing activity of MCC. Maximal activity was observed when 5 μM alendronante or 10 μM pamidronate were used in combination with 100 μg/ml MCC.
Conclusion:  MCC inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro . This anticancer activity can be potentiated by the use of alendronate and pamidronate. These data support the development of MCC as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of canine osteosarcoma.  相似文献   

4.
Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival time in dogs receiving adequate local control for appendicular osteosarcoma, but most dogs ultimately succumb to metastatic disease. The fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin has been shown to inhibit survival and proliferation of canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Others have reported that fluoroquinolones may modulate cellular responses to DNA damaging agents and that these effects may be differentially mediated by p53 activity. We therefore determined p53 status and activity in three canine osteosarcoma cell lines and examined the effects of enrofloxacin when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or carboplatin chemotherapy. Moresco and Abrams canine osteosarcoma cell lines contained mutations in p53, while no mutations were identified in the D17 cells or in a normal canine osteoblast cell line. The addition of enrofloxacin to either doxorubicin or carboplatin resulted in further reductions in osteosarcoma cell viability; this effect was apparent regardless of p53 mutational status or downstream activity.  相似文献   

5.
Currently, toxoplasmosis is treated with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. However, this treatment presents several adverse side effects; thus, there is a critical need for the development and evaluation of new drugs, which do not present the same problems of the standard therapy. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known to control infection against several bacteria in veterinary medicine. Recently, this drug has demonstrated protective effects against protozoan parasites such as Neospora caninum. The present study aimed to determine the effect of enrofloxacin in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection. For this purpose, human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells were infected with T. gondii RH strain and treated with sulfadiazine, penicillin/streptomycin, pyrimethamine, or enrofloxacin. Following treatment, we analyzed the infection index, parasite intracellular proliferation and the number of plaques. Additionally, tissue parasitism and histological changes were investigated in the brain of Calomys callosus that were infected with T. gondii (ME49 strain) and treated with either sulfadiazine or enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin was able to reduce the infection index, intracellular proliferation and the number of plaques in HFF cells infected by T. gondii in comparison with untreated or penicillin/streptomycin-treated ones. Enrofloxacin was more protective against T. gondii in HFF infected cells than sulfadiazine treatment (P<0.001). In addition, pyrimethamine, enrofloxacin or the associations of sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine, enrofloxacin plus sulfadiazine or enrofloxacin plus pyrimethamine-treatments were able to reduce the plaque numbers in HFF cells infected by T. gondii when compared to medium, penicillin/streptomycin or sulfadiazine alone. In vivo experiments demonstrated that enrofloxacin diminished significantly the tissue parasitism as well as the inflammatory alterations in the brain of C. callosus infected with T. gondii when compared with untreated animals. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that enrofloxacin is a potential alternative drug for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.  相似文献   

6.
The pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin was studied in goats after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were drawn from a jugular vein into heparinized tubes at predetermined time intervals after administration of the drug and the plasma was separated by centrifugation. The concentrations of enrofloxacin in the plasma were determined by a microbiological assay using Escherichia coli as the test organism. The plasma concentration–time data were analysed by non-compartmental methods. Enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed, an appreciable concentration of the drug (0.30±0.13 g/ml) being present in the plasma by 5 min after s.c. administration. The maximum plasma concentration of enrofloxacin and the time to reach that maximum were 2.91±0.39 g/ml and 2.9±0.51 h, respectively. A detectable concentration of enrofloxacin persisted in the plasma for 12 h. The elimination half-life and mean residence time of enrofloxacin were 2.84±0.57 and 5.74±0.28 h, respectively. It is suggested that enrofloxacin given subcutaneously may be useful in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in goats.  相似文献   

7.
A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) was developed for the determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) in canine serum. CRP was isolated from canine acute-phase serum by affinity chromatography on agarose coupled with phosphorylethanolamine. This isolated dog CRP was used as standard to calibrate the assay. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were in the ranges 5.3–7.1% and 4.8–13.3%, respectively. Accuracy, evaluated by adding 2 and 10 μg/ml of CRP to serum samples, provided recoveries of 99.9% and 106.8%. High correlation was found between CRP measurements by TR-IFMA and a by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R2 = 0.98). The limit of detection for the TR-IFMA method was 0.000067 μg/ml and the measurement of CRP in serial dilutions of acute-phase dog sera generated curves with the same slope as the one constructed with purified CRP. The TR-IFMA provides a precise, accurate and highly sensitive assay for CRP determination in dog samples. CRP levels in dogs with different diseases ranged between 10.2 and 210.7 μg/ml and were significantly higher than those observed in healthy dogs (< 7.1 μmg/ml).  相似文献   

8.
This study compared pharmacokinetic profiles in cattle dosed subcutaneously with two different formulations of enrofloxacin (5% and 10%) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined by a HPLC/u.v. method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin and its metabolite were similar in both injectable formulations. Enrofloxacin peak plasma concentration (5%: 0.73 ± 0.32; 10%: 0.60 ± 0.14 μg/mL) was reached at 1.21 ± 0.52 and 1.38 ± 0.52 h to 5 and 10%, respectively. The terminal half-live and area under curve were 2.34 ± 0.46 and 2.59 ± 0.46 h, and 3.09 ± 0.81 and 2.93 ± 0.58 μg·h/mL, to 5 and 10%, respectively. The AUC/MIC90 and Cmax/MIC90 ratios for both formulations exceed the proposed threshold values for optimized efficacy and minimized resistance development whilst treating infections or septicaemia caused by P. multocida and E. coli.  相似文献   

9.
The intramuscular (IM) and oral (PO) disposition of enrofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug, were evaluated in African grey parrots. Peak enrofloxacin concentration, mean (+/- SEM), at 1 h following a 15-mg/kg IM dose was 3.87 (+/- 0.27) micrograms/ml and declined with a mean residence time of 3.05 h. Peak enrofloxacin plasma concentrations at 2 to 4 h following oral doses of 3, 15, and 30 mg/kg were 0.31 (+/- 0.11), 1.12 (+/- 0.11), and 1.69 (+/- 0.23) micrograms/ml, respectively, and declined with a mean residence time of 3.44-5.28 h. The relative bioavailability of the 15-mg/kg oral dose was 48%. An equipotent metabolite, ciprofloxacin, was detected in plasma at concentrations ranging from 3 to 78% of those of enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin concentrations and area under the curve were significantly lower, the mean residence time significantly shorter and the ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin ratios higher, following 10 days of oral treatment at 30 mg/kg every 12 h. Following 10 days of treatment, no significant biochemical changes were noted; however, polydipsia and polyuria occurred in treated birds, but resolved quickly upon discontinuation of enrofloxacin administration. These studies indicate that a rational starting dose for enrofloxacin in psittacines (7.5-30 mg/kg BID) should be higher than those in other domestic animals.  相似文献   

10.
Canine coronavirus induces apoptosis in cultured cells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is widespread in dogs in several countries and causes mild enteric illness evolving to severe enteritis in young pups. In in vitro cultures canine coronaviruses generally induce extensive cell death, however nature of the events leading to cell death remains largely unknown. We analysed the induction of cytopathic effect by CCoV in a canine fibrosarcoma cell line (A-72) in order to characterize the apoptotic effect in homologous cell system. Following CCoV infection A-72 cell line, which is permissive to CCoV, showed reduced growth rate, as detected by MTT assay, a standard colorimetric assay for measuring cellular proliferation, and underwent to apoptotic death. Starting from 24h after CCoV infection, cells morphology appeared dramatically changed, with cells rounding and detachment from culture surface. Morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis, such as blebbing of the plasma membrane, translocation of phosphatidilserine to cell surface and annexin V positive staining, nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies formation and DNA laddering, were detected in CCoV-infected cells. Propidium iodide staining of infected culture indicated the appearance of hypodiploid DNA peak corresponding to apoptotic cell population. Commonly to other animal coronavirus infection caspase-3 is likely to contribute to the execution phase of apoptosis induced by CCoV in A-72 cells since we found activation of enzymatic activity as well as procaspase-3 activating cleavage. Apoptotic death of infected cells is detrimental as it causes cell and tissue destruction as well as inflammatory responses. Therefore in the case of CCoV associated gastroenteritis, apoptosis of epithelial mucosa cells may be responsible for pathology induced by CCoV infection.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether enrofloxacin has detrimental, dose-dependent effects on equine articular cartilage in vitro. ANIMALS: Cartilage explants were developed from 6 healthy horses between 0 and 96 months old. PROCEDURE: Patellar cartilage explants were incubated in 5 concentrations of enrofloxacin (2 microg/ml, 10 microg/ml, 1,000 microg/ml, 10,000 microg/ml, and 50,000 microg/ml) for 72 hours. Proteoglycan synthesis (Na35SO4 incorporation for 24 hours), proteoglycan degradation (Na35SO4 release for 72 hours), endogenous proteoglycan content (dimethylmethlene blue assay), and total protein content were determined. Cartilage explants were evaluated by use of histomorphologic and histomorphometric techniques (toluidine blue stain) for cytologic and matrix characteristics. Quantitative data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA to compare results among various enrofloxacin concentration groups and the control group. A general linear model was used to determine whether age had an effect. RESULT: Proteoglycan synthesis was excellent in control specimens and in specimens incubated in low concentrations of enrofloxacin (2 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml). High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 microg/ml) effectively eliminated proteoglycan synthesis regardless of horse age. Proteoglycan degradation at low concentrations (2 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml) was not different than control. High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 microg/ml) caused significant degradation. Different concentrations of enrofloxacin did not affect endogenous proteoglycan. High concentrations of enrofloxacin were associated with a significant increase in number of pyknotic nuclei. CONCLUSION: Concentrations of enrofloxacin that might be achieved following systemic administration did not suppress chondrocyte metabolism in vitro. High concentrations of enrofloxacin (> 1,000 microg/ml) were toxic to chondrocytes.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
试验旨在探讨褪黑素对体外培养的鹿茸软骨细胞增殖、周期及凋亡的影响。利用甲苯胺蓝、茜素红S、阿利新蓝染色鉴定软骨细胞,采用外源添加褪黑素的方法,用不同浓度（0、400、800、1 200、1 600和2 000 pg/mL）、不同时间（24、48和72 h）处理鹿茸软骨细胞,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖。选取800 pg/mL褪黑素处理软骨细胞24 h,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的分布及细胞凋亡情况,采用ELISA试剂盒检测细胞培养液中睾酮含量。结果显示,经不同浓度的褪黑素处理鹿茸软骨细胞不同时间后,800 pg/mL褪黑素处理鹿茸软骨细胞24 h细胞活力极显著增加（P<0.01）。软骨细胞经褪黑素处理后,与对照组相比,褪黑素处理组细胞G1期比例显著降低（P<0.05）;G2期比例极显著增加（P<0.01）,细胞被阻滞在G2期;褪黑素处理组细胞早期凋亡率无显著变化（P>0.05）,晚期凋亡率显著下降（P<0.05）;ELISA检测睾酮分泌水平均显著上升（P<0.05）。综上,外源添加800 pg/mL褪黑素可以促进鹿茸软骨细胞的增殖,抑制软骨细胞的晚期凋亡,促进睾酮的分泌;以上结果可为阐明褪黑素参与鹿茸生长发育机制提供参考。  相似文献   

14.
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms that affect skin and soft tissue in dogs. Because mast cell tumors present a great variety of clinical appearance and behavior, their treatment becomes a challenge. Trichostatin A (TSA), an antifungal antibiotic, has shown inhibitory effects on the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in various types of cancer cells. In order to evaluate the potential of trichostatin A as a therapeutic drug, cells of grade 3 MCT were cultured and treated with concentrations of 1 nM to 400 nM of TSA. MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assays were performed to estimate cell growth and cell viability, and cell cycle analysis was evaluated. TSA treatment showed a reduction in numbers of viable cells and an increase of cell death by apoptosis. The cell cycle analysis showed an increase of hypodiploid cells and a reduction of G0/G1 and G2/M –phases. According to these results, trichostatin A may be an interesting potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT.  相似文献   

15.
Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat infections in companion animals. Enrofloxacin's antimicrobial spectrum includes Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria and demonstrates concentration-dependent bacteriocidal activity. In dogs and cats, enrofloxacin is partially metabolized to ciprofloxacin and both active agents circulate simultaneously in treated animals at ratios of approximately 60-70% enrofloxacin to 30-40% ciprofloxacin. We were interested in determining the killing of companion animal isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin combined using clinically relevant drug concentrations and ratios. For E. coli isolates exposed to 2.1 and 4.1μg/ml of enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin at 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 ratios, a 1.7-2.5log(10) reduction (94-99% kill) was seen following 20min of drug exposure; 0.89-1.7log(10) (92-99% kill) of S. pseudintermedius following 180min of drug exposure; 0.85-3.4log(10) (98-99% kill) of P. aeruginosa following 15min of drug exposure. Killing of S. pseudintermedius was enhanced in the presence of enrofloxacin whereas killing of P. aeruginosa was enhanced in the presence of ciprofloxacin. Antagonism was not seen when enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were used in kill assays. The unique feature of partial metabolism of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin expands the spectrum of enhanced killing of common companion animal pathogens.  相似文献   

16.
Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel strategy for treatment of cancer in humans and companion animals as well. Canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus, has proven to be oncolytic through induction of apoptosis in canine‐derived tumour cells, yet the mechanism behind this inhibitory action is poorly understood. In this study, three human mammary tumour cell lines and one canine‐derived adenofibrosarcoma cell line were tested regarding to their susceptibility to CDV infection, cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8). CDV replication‐induced cytopathic effect, decrease of cell proliferation rates, and >45% of infected cells were considered death and/or under late apoptosis/necrosis. TNFAIP8 and CDVM gene expression were positively correlated in all cell lines. In addition, mitochondrial membrane depolarization was associated with increase in virus titres (p < 0.005). Thus, these results strongly suggest that both human and canine mammary tumour cells are potential candidates for studies concerning CDV‐induced cancer therapy.  相似文献   

17.
A 3‐day course of oral enrofloxacin is effective for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs when administered 20 mg/kg Q24H. However, emergence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant mutants of uropathogens is a concern. Urine concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were measured in six healthy dogs following dose of enrofloxacin 20 mg/kg. Mutant prevention concentrations of Escherichia coli isolated from canine UTI were also determined against ciprofloxacin. Urine AUC(24)/MPC ratios considering ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged 3819–7767, indicating that selection of resistant E. coli mutants in dogs with uncomplicated UTIs is unlikely in the bladder given that an AUC(24)/MPC = 39 is considered to be protective against mutant selection for ciprofloxacin. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the effects of this enrofloxacin treatment protocol on bacteria that colonize anatomic sites where fluoroquinolones achieve lower concentrations compared to the urinary bladder.  相似文献   

18.
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in goats after a single intramuscular administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined simultaneously by a HPLC method. The peak concentrations (C max) of enrofloxacin (1.13 g/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.24 g/ml) were observed at 0.8 and 1.2 h, respectively. The elimination half-life (t 1/2), volume of distribution (V d(area)), total body clearance (ClB) and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 0.74 h, 1.42 L/kg, 1329 ml/h per kg and 1.54 h, respectively. The t 1/2, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and the MRT of ciprofloxacin were 1.38 h, 0.74 g h/ml and 2.73 h, respectively. The metabolic conversion of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was appreciable (36%) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was maintained at or above 0.1 g/ml for up to 4 h. Enrofloxacin appears to be useful for the treatment of goat diseases associated with pathogens sensitive to this drug.  相似文献   

19.
Quinolones and magnesium deficiency cause similar lesions in joint cartilage of young animals. Chondrocytes cultivated in the presence of quinolones and in Mg-free medium show severe alterations in cytoskeleton and decreased ability to adhere to the culture dish. We investigated whether Mg2+ supplementation can prevent quinolone-mediated effects on chondrocytes in vitro. Chondrocytes cultivated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/HAM's F-12 medium were treated with ciprofloxacin (80 and 160 microg/ml) and enrofloxacin (100 and 150 microg/ml). Mg2+ was added at a concentration of 0.0612 mg/ml (MgCl) and 0.0488 mg/ml (MgSO4) or a triple dose. In addition, cells were cultivated in Mg-free medium and accordingly treated with Mg2+ supplementation. After 5 days in culture, the number of adherent cells per milliliter was determined. The number of chondrocytes in quinolone-treated groups decreased to 12-36% that of the control group within the culture period. With Mg2+ supplementation, the number of attached cells increased to 40-70% that of control cells. The threefold dose of Mg2+ led to better results than did the single dose. Cell proliferation tested by immunohistochemical staining with Ki67 (clone MIB5) decreased from 70% in control groups to 55%, 48%, and 30% in enrofloxacin-treated groups in a concentration dependent manner (50, 100, and 150 microg/ml). Addition of Mg2+ did not increase the rate of cell proliferation. These results suggest that a great part of quinolone-induced damage is due to magnesium complex formation, as Mg2+ supplementation is able to reduce the effects in vitro. However, quinolone effects on cell proliferation seem to be an independent process that is not influenced by magnesium supplementation.  相似文献   

20.
Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an apoptosis‐inducing cytokine that shows potential therapeutic value for human neoplasms, and is effective in some canine tumours; however, its potential for killing canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the proapoptotic effect of TRAIL in nine canine HSA cell lines. Cells (JuA1, JuB2, JuB2‐1, JuB4, Re11, Re12, Re21, Ud2 and Ud6) were cultured with three recombinant human TRAILs (rhTRAILs): TRAIL‐TEC derived from Escherichia coli, TRAIL‐TL derived from mammalian cells and isoleucine zipper recombinant human TRAIL (izTRAIL) containing an isoleucine‐zippered structure that facilitates trimerization. TRAIL‐TEC did not decrease the cell viability in any of the cell lines tested, whereas the other two rhTRAILs effectively decreased the viability of all cell lines as assessed by the WST‐1 assay. In canine HSA cells, izTRAIL induced apoptosis more effectively than TRAIL‐TL. In JuB4, Re12, and Ud6 cells, izTRAIL increased the activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 and caused poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase degradation. Moreover, izTRAIL treatment increased the proportion of Annexin V+/ Propidium iodide (PI)? apoptotic cells and nuclear fragmentation in izTRAIL‐sensitive cells. These results show that rhTRAIL can induce apoptosis in canine HSA cells, but the sensitivity of TRAIL was different depending on the cell lines. Therefore, TRAIL could be an effective therapeutic agent against canine HSA, but the specific mechanism of resistance should be determined to clarify under what conditions this treatment would be most effective.  相似文献   

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