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《中国渔业质量与标准》2015,(3)
采用18个36 m2的围隔进行对虾单养和对虾–罗非鱼混养实验,利用N、S、P综合相对污染指数对单养和混养围隔底质有机负荷进行研究。实验分为6组,每组3个围隔。各围隔放养体长为(0.45±0.01)cm的凡纳滨对虾3 000尾,放养体重为(201±25)g的罗非鱼分别为0(Ⅵ组)、4(Ⅰ组)、8(Ⅱ组)、12(Ⅲ组)、18(Ⅳ组)和24尾(Ⅴ组),放养对虾1个月后再放养罗非鱼。实验期间各围隔均不进行水交换,实验周期为70 d。结果表明,各围隔底质中N、P、S呈现显著上升趋势,但对虾-罗非鱼混养围隔底质中N、P、S的积累量均小于对虾单养围隔。其中,Ⅲ组的N、P、S增长率最小。各组围隔相对污染指数排列如下:Ⅵ(10.78)Ⅴ(8.30)Ⅰ(7.68)Ⅳ(7.40)Ⅱ(6.09)Ⅲ(4.12),其中Ⅲ组的相对污染指数显著小于Ⅵ组(P0.05)。Ⅲ组为本实验的效果最佳组,即混养最佳配比为凡纳滨对虾8.3×105尾/hm2、罗非鱼3 320尾/hm2,罗非鱼均重为(201±25)g/尾。本研究可为对虾–罗非鱼混养中选定合适的养殖容量提供参考。 相似文献
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采用围隔设置单养虾(S)、单养藻(A)、虾藻混养(SA)、虾鱼藻混养(SFA)4种不同养殖模式,探讨菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)对围隔高密度对虾养殖过程中产生的污染进行净化和水质调控作用。结果表明,养殖菊花江蓠的围隔水体中有更高的DO水平和较低的营养盐水平,说明对养殖水体的环境因子和营养盐都能起到很好的调控作用。水体中弧菌密度也较低,养殖环境稳定性好,使得养殖的对虾生长快,成活率高。与S相比,SA中的对虾成活率提高了32%。本实验对于采用搭配大型海藻进行养殖污染的净化与水质调控方法是可行的和有效的。 相似文献
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鲈-中国对虾-罗非鱼混养的实验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
1996年 5～ 10月在 1.7hm2 池塘中设 6个 5.0m× 5.0m× 2 .0m陆基围隔 ,研究了鲈 (Lateolabraxjaponicus)、中国对虾 (Penaeuschinensis)和台湾红罗非鱼 (Oreochromismossambicus×O .niloticus)投饵混养的养殖模式。鲈和罗非鱼放养在围隔内的浮式网箱中 ,对虾散放在围隔中 ;鲈在围隔中设 3个放养密度 ,分别为 0 .76、1.52和 2 .2 8尾 /m2 ;对虾 ( 2 .2 8尾 /m2 )和罗非鱼 ( 0 .2 4尾 /m2 )均为单一密度 ,每个处理 2个重复。给鲈投喂冻杂鱼 ,对虾不投喂。实验结果表明 ,鲈出塘体重 ( 2 14.2～ 34 8.3g)和成活率 ( 2 6.3%～ 10 0 .0 % )随放养密度的增加而减少 ,净产量为 174 3.3～ 2 4 68.7kg/hm2 ,生产力为 3.2 6g/d·m2 ,负荷力 2 50 0～2 80 0kg/hm2 。鲈的密度为 1.52尾 /m2 时 ,对虾的出塘体长 ( 10 .2 5cm )、产量 ( 58.35kg/hm2 )和成活率( 17.55% )最高 ,生产力为 0 .4 3g/d·m2 。鲈的适宜放养密度为 38尾 /m2 ,与对虾和罗非鱼的适宜数量比为 1∶( 3～ 4 )∶0 .2 4。还讨论了 3种生物调节水质的生态作用。 相似文献
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鲢、鳙对三角帆蚌池塘藻类影响的围隔实验 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
以浙江金华汤溪威旺养殖基地的三角帆蚌养殖水体为研究对象,通过围隔实验比较研究了单养鲢、鳙和三角帆蚌的池塘浮游植物密度、生物量和优势种(属)组成等的差异,以及养蚌池混养鲢鳙对水体浮游植物密度、生物量以及优势种变化的影响。结果表明,养蚌(10#)围隔的浮游植物平均密度和生物量均显著高于高密度鲢(12#)围隔(P<0.05),其蓝藻数量及生物量显著高于高密度鲢(12#)和低密度鳙(13#)围隔(P<0.05),绿藻数量则显著低于低密度鲢单养(11#)围隔(P<0.05)。在鱼蚌混养的情况下,单养蚌(10#)围隔浮游植物平均数量显著高于鲢-蚌混养(15#,16#)和鳙-蚌混养(17#,18#)围隔(P<0.05),其蓝藻数量及生物量极显著高于鲢-蚌混养(15#,16#)或鳙-蚌(17#,18#)围隔(P<0.01),其绿藻数量显著低于混养高密度鲢(16#)或低密度鳙(17#)的混养围隔(P<0.05)。研究结果充分说明,鲢、鳙和三角帆蚌三者对水体藻类组成的影响有别,三角帆蚌养殖池中适当混养鲢或鳙可以有效控制蓝藻(铜绿微囊藻)的生长,促进绿藻(四尾栅藻)的生长,并最终有利于三角帆蚌的养殖,混养鲢密度的增加有利于控制藻类生长,而鳙密度的增加促进了裸藻等中大型藻类的生长。 相似文献
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为优化泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)混合养殖体系,利用围隔法研究了泥蚶与凡纳滨对虾的适宜混养比例及泥蚶的适宜养殖密度。比例优化试验中,设置泥蚶密度分别为750、1 150和2 250 kg/hm2,虾苗密度均为1.7×105ind/hm2,泥蚶与对虾的个数比分别为1.84(A组)、2.75(B组)和5.50(C组)。在泥蚶和对虾的优化比例(4:1)下,设计泥蚶密度梯度,分别为50 ind/m2(L组)、75 ind/m2(M组)和100 ind/m2(H组)。结果显示,B组水体氨氮浓度显著低于A组(P0.05),而A组硝酸盐氮浓度显著低于B组(P0.05),其它水化学指标不存在显著差异;B组对虾产量显著高于A组(P0.05),各处理组的收益率均存在显著差异(P0.05),依次为B组A组C组。泥蚶密度试验中,M组泥蚶的规格、存活率和日均生长速率均高于L和H组,水化学指标无显著差异。研究表明,混合收益最佳的条件是:泥蚶和凡纳滨对虾的个数比为4∶1,泥蚶的养殖密度为75 ind/m2。 相似文献
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在广东省珠海市斗门一个大小为0.3hm2的空白虾池内,设立10个大小为5×5×1.6m(l×b×d)的陆基池塘围隔,对凡纳滨对虾低盐度调控养殖环境微生物进行实验研究,结果低盐度围隔调控养殖系统,水体异养细菌平均为1.33~9.27×104cfu.ml-1,致病性弧菌平均为2.83~7.91×102cfu.ml-1,养殖水体致病性弧菌的数量比异养细菌平均低2个数量级。各围隔水体异养菌在养殖早期都有一个高峰期,中后期低而稳定;围隔异养细菌的数量并未因定期施菌而增高,反而呈下降的趋势。对虾养殖健康的围隔,中后期水体致病性弧菌保持较低的数量,而对虾发病的围隔,致病性弧菌数量高。围隔调控养殖系统,异养细菌的数量相对比较稳定,而致病性弧菌数量呈较大波动。 相似文献
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不同单养和混养海水实验围隔浮游生物的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1995年6～10月和1996年6～8月对中国对虾单养及其与台湾红非鲫、菲律宾蛤仔、海湾扇贝或缢蛏的不同混养实验围隔浮游生物的研究结果表明:养殖管理措施和放养种类对围隔浮游生物种类和生物量都会产生一定影响,其中前者往往具主要作用。投饵养殖时围隔浮游植物以20μm以下的种类为主,生物量较低,其中混养台湾红非鲫的围隔叶绿素a(Chl-a)相对较高,混养菲律宾蛤仔的围隔Chl-a较低;在投饵的基础上施肥后甲藻等鞭毛藻类易大量发生成为优势种,浮游植物生物量较单纯投饵时有所升高,但单养和混养对围隔Chl-a的影响不明显。非鲫捕食往往导致大型桡足类在浮游动物生物量中的比例下降,贝类则通过食物竞争同时使桡足类生物量降低和种类小型化,由于非鲫与海产贝类的食物灶存在一定分化,二者混养至少对贝类有利,因此鱼虾贝混养应较鱼虾混养或虾贝混养效果更好。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献