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为研究半滑舌鳎雌雄个体大小和生长速度差异悬殊的分子机理,采集来自同一亲本、同一发育阶段的半滑舌鳎雄鱼和雌鱼脑垂体,分别与Affymetrix的斑马鱼基因芯片杂交,筛选差异表达基因。芯片杂交结果显示二者共有1 051个基因检测到明显的杂交信号,其中上调基因486个,下调基因561个。进一步比较雄鱼和雌鱼杂交信号的比值(Ratio值),有39个基因的Ratio值小于0.6或大于1.5,其中sh3gl1b、meis2.1、acta1、Noxa、slc25a5这5种上调基因和col1a2、klf7、acta2这3种下调基因可能与半滑舌鳎雌雄生长差异相关。这一结果为深入研究半滑舌鳎雌雄性别分化与生长调控机制提供了新思路。 相似文献
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通过对抑制性差减杂交和cDNA芯片技术分离的 2 0 1个阳性克隆的测序 ,得到螯虾 (Procambarusclarkii)免疫相关基因 4 8个 ,其中正向克隆中 4 2个 ,反向克隆 6个 ,除正向克隆中SNAP - 2 5 (synatosome-associatedproteinof2 5ku)已报道外 ,其余均为新基因 ,均在GenBank登录。正向克隆中的同源基因有微管蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶前体、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物Ⅰ、精氨酸激酶、70kD伴侣蛋白同类物等。进一步用DotNorthernblot对克隆号PCI188进行鉴定 ,结果攻毒组的杂交信号是对照组的 3.2 4倍 ,与cDNA芯片结果相符。用快速扩增cDNA末端技术扩增克隆号PCI188基因的 5’端片段和 3’端片段 ,全长共 112 8bp ,编码的蛋白质有 2 77个氨基酸 ,分子量为 30 .2 7kD。与GenBank序列号X795 12软尾太平剌蛄 (P .le niusculus)的蛋白酶抑制物Ⅰ (为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物 )的基因同源性为 5 8.7% ,氨基酸同源性为 6 9.7%。该蛋白质有 5个重复的结构域 ,与丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物Kazal家族的结构域相似 相似文献
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抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH)是近年来兴起的一种分离、克隆差异基因的新技术,它结合了消减杂交和抑制PCR的优点,具有操作简便、特异性强、背景低及重复性好的优点。目前已经用SSH技术鉴定出了鱼的许多免疫相关基因,如白细胞介素、趋化因子、肿瘤坏死因子、溶菌酶、NKEF、补体、干扰素及急性期蛋白基因等,对它们的结构和功能进行了较为深入的研究。本文对SSH技术在养殖鱼类中克隆的免疫基因进行了归纳与总结,旨为全面了解鱼类的抗病免疫基因提供基础资料。 相似文献
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本研究以线粒体基因细胞色素b (Cytochrome b,Cytb)和细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ(Cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ,COI)为研究对象,探究比较了星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)、石鲽(Kareius bicolorarus)以及杂交F1代(星斑川鲽♀×石鲽♂)的种质遗传特性.结果显示,杂交子代与亲本的碱基(A+T)含量均高于(C+G)含量,且杂交F1代与母本星斑川鲽的(C+G)相同.基于mtDNA Cytb和COI序列结果显示,石鲽与星斑川鲽遗传距离分别为0.085和0.045;杂交F1代与石鲽遗传距离分别为0.076和0.045.基于mtDNA Cytb序列显示,杂交F1代与星斑川鲽遗传距离很小,仅0.009,而两者在COI基因序列上完全一致.基于Kimura 2-parameter模型的NJ分子系统树均显示,星斑川鲽和杂交F1代聚为一支,石鲽单独聚为一支.以上结果均可得出,杂交后代在线粒体DNA上呈现明显的母系遗传.杂交后代中出现左右眼的分化,且在COI的NJ系统树中,杂交F1代与母本星斑川鲽形成的一大支又分为两支:母本星斑川鲽与杂交F1代中外观显示左眼的聚为一支,杂交F1代中外观显示右眼的单独聚为一小支.表明线粒体基因COI与杂交F1代左右眼的分化有一定关系,为进一步研究星斑川鲽♀x石鲽♂提供了参考数据. 相似文献
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为探究黑素皮质素受体1基因(MC1R)在橘色双冠丽鱼胚胎发育和体色形成过程中的表达定位及功能,本研究首先制备了MC1R基因的RNA正反义探针,T7方向转录的正义RNA探针质量浓度为447.529 ng/μL,SP6方向转录的反义RNA探针质量浓度为342.698 ng/μL。经10～20倍稀释后的探针用于原位杂交,MC1R基因探针表达定位显示,随橘色双冠丽鱼胚胎的发育杂交信号总体呈逐渐减弱趋势,原肠期和视泡期其卵黄和胚体侧卧部分有杂交信号分布;出膜期其脊柱、卵黄囊及其内容物和色素细胞内出现杂交信号;出膜期第1天,卵黄表面有信号分布。总体来看,杂交信号在脊索、卵黄囊、卵黄囊内容物质及色素细胞有特异表达,而以正义探针作为阴性对照组在5个胚胎阶段均无任何信号,杂交信号显现的MC1R表达定位说明其在橘色双冠丽鱼色素细胞的分化、迁移中起到重要调控作用,也与神经、营养、免疫功能相关,初步建立了鱼类体色相关基因功能和定位研究的整胚原位杂交方法。 相似文献
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用抑制性消减杂交技术（SSH）研究与鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）抗寒性状相关的基因。通过对荷包红鲤抗寒品系（Cyprinus carpio wuyanensis Tchang）和柏氏鲤（Cyprinus pellegnini Tchang）杂交F2代进行降温诱导实验，获得不同温度下的实验材料。利用抑制消减杂交技术构建了一个低温下差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库，共含有2000个克降。对其叶1480个克隆进行斑点杂交筛选，共得到60个阳性克隆，选取其中29个克隆测序。通过序列分析比对，13个克隆与已知基因序列高度同源，同源性为85％-98％；另外的13个克隆为未知新基因序列。在13个同源性较高的克隆序列巾，有brevican基因、AMP—acid连接酶、CFL2基因、催产素基因、主要组织兼容复合体（MHC）Ⅱβ链、锌指蛋白、细胞色素氧化酶、EPD-1基因、透明质酸结合蛋白多糖类、核受体／类视色素信号调节器等，其中9个基因上调表达，另有4个则抑制表达。这些基因的获得可为研究鱼类抗寒性状以及从分子水平上阐明其机制提供重要依据。 相似文献
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本研究采用RT-PCR方法对生长快、耐盐性弱的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus),耐盐性强、生长慢的萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)以及生长与耐盐均较优的杂交子代(O.niloticus ♀早×S. melanotheron ♂)的催乳素PRLI基因cDNA序列片段进行了克隆与序列分析,以探讨罗非鱼耐盐性的分子机制,分析和筛选与耐盐性相关的基因.主要结果:(1)序列克隆及ClustalX1.83分析表明克隆所得cDNA序列长度为339 bp,编码112个氨基酸.(2)3种罗非鱼PRLI的cDNA具有高度的保守性,核苷酸序列同源性介于97.94%～99.71%之间,氨基酸序列同源性均在99.11%以上,表明罗非鱼的PRLI基因具有高度保守性.(3)杂交子代同尼罗罗非鱼的cDNA序列相比有5个碱基的变异,变异比例为1.47%;同萨罗罗非鱼相比有1个碱基的变异,变异比例为0.30%.(4)尼罗罗非鱼推导氨基酸序列中第80位氨基酸残基为脯氨酸残基(P),而杂交子代和萨罗罗非鱼在该位点均为丝氨酸残基(S).(5)MEGA4系统进化树分析显示,杂交子代同萨罗罗非鱼聚为1支.结果(3)、(4)、(5)表明,在PRLI基因的表达方面,杂交子代同父本萨罗罗非鱼的关系较近. 相似文献
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Ten microsatellite loci were tested on Mendelian segregation in the bester – hybrid of beluga, Huso huso L. and sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L. in the fourth generation. All studied loci showed disomic inheritance and Mendelian segregation of their alleles. The molecular approach by microsatellite DNA analysis represents a reliable tool for interspecific characterization of sturgeons and their hybrids (different alleles of several loci are present in sturgeon fishes, and interspecific hybrids posesses both maternal and paternal specific alleles). This is the first report of the Mendelian segregation testing in interspecific hybrid of acipenserid fishes using microsatellite DNA markers. 相似文献
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以采自武汉东湖的滤食性鲢、鳙为对象,通过PCR-DGGE并结合序列分析对其肠道微生物及肠含物中残留的食物组分进行了探索研究。在所有个体中都能检测到不同的PCR-DGGE指纹谱带,其中包括肠道细菌在内的原核谱带较多,真核谱带相对较少;分析结果表明针对鲢、鳙肠含物这一特殊生境样品进行PCR-DGGE指纹分析是可行的。PCR-DGGE指纹结构及针对部分特定PCR-DGGE谱带的序列分析显示,从武汉东湖采集的鲢、鳙在食性上存在很大的重叠,并没有像基于常规食性分析文献报道的那样明显不同。基于肠含物DNA来进行鱼类食性分析的方法不受对食物碎片分类鉴定的制约,可同时对多个样品平行进行分析,且不同研究者间的研究结果便于进行比较,以便总结生态学的内在规律。 相似文献
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Makoto Terazaki Prapan Tharnbuppa Yashima Nakayama 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1980,19(3):235-242
The chief predatory fishes found in shrimp culture ponds in Thailand are Tilapia mossambica, Lates calcarifer, Scatophagus argus, Eluetheronema tetradactylum, Goviupterus chuno, Mystus sp., and other gobies. The eradication of predators, mostly fishes, is necessary for good management of any shrimp farm. Tea seed grown in northern Thailand has been used for this purpose. Quantitative analysis of crude saponin in the tea seed was conducted and some biological tests on the toxicity of crude saponin to fish were performed.The effective dosage of crude saponin for the eradication of predatory fishes was 1.1 ppm, but shrimp, crabs, copepoda, rotifers and brine shrimp (Crustacea) all survived this concentration. The lethal time for fishes increased in proportion to their body weight and the salinity of the pond. The toxicity of the saponin weakened with time. 相似文献
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为了探讨线粒体COI基因作为DNA条形码在中国鲿科(Bagridae)鱼类物种鉴定中的有效性,以及系统发育中的适用性,本研究对4属11种鲿科鱼类进行PCR扩增,获得48条线粒体COI基因序列,同时从Gen Bank筛选获得8种鲿科鱼类的12条COI基因序列进行分析。19种鲿科鱼类的COI基因序列特征显示:长度为674 bp的COI序列片段平均碱基组成为24.82%A,30.44%T,27.10%C和17.64%G,碱基组成呈现明显的AT偏倚性(55.26%),具有硬骨鱼类的线粒体COI基因的碱基组成的典型特征。核苷酸位点中有变异位点226个,简约信息位点195个,单一信息位点31个,转换颠换比为3.35。19种鲿科鱼类的种内、种间和属间平均遗传距离分别为0.0041、0.1136和0.1268,种间遗传距离平均为种内遗传距离的27.7倍。在本研究中,鲿科鱼类所有的物种均形成单系,在物种鉴别上与形态学分类结果基本一致,然而鲿科的4个属中只有鱯属形成单系,黄颡鱼属、属和拟鲿属均未形成单系,其进化地位需要进一步研究。线粒体COI基因作为条形码可有效对鲿科鱼类进行物种鉴定,也为鲿科的系统发育提供了参考。 相似文献
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从鲷科鱼类中黄猪鲷(Sparus latus)、黑鲷(S.macrocephalusM)、真鲷(Pagrosomus major)和平鲷(Rhabdosargus sarba)的线粒体DNA扩增出约430bp的细胞色素b(Cytb)基因，经Clastal X同源排序后得408bp序列，对该序列进行分析并结合GeneBank中黄鲷(Taius turnifrons)、灰鳍鲷(S.berda)、犁齿鲷(Evynnis japonica)和高背四长棘鲷(Argyrops spinifer)的该区段DNA序列比较，共发现126个核苷酸位点存在变异(30．7％)，序列中的转换大于颠换，碱基替换多发生在密码子的第3位点。黑鲷和灰鳍鲷亲缘关系最近，序列差异为3.8％；而黄鲷和平鲷的亲缘关系最远，序列差异为21．7％。用MEGA2．1软件中的NJ法构建的分子系统树，将上述8种类分为4组，其中黄鲷属、平鲷属和鲷属分类的结果与形态分类学的观点一致；而传统分类上把犁齿鲷、真鲷和高背四长棘鲷归为3个不同属，在本研究分子系统树中，这3个属却聚成一支。本研究目的在于从分子水平上阐明鲷科鱼类的分类与系统进化关系。 相似文献
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Mitsutoshi Nagase Kazuhiko Maeta Tadanori Aimi Katsuaki Suginaka Tsutomu Morinaga 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):811-816
Nucleotide sequence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 3′-portion
of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene (rDNA) coding sequence were used to differentiate between flying fishes and other fishes
that are frequently used in ago-noyaki production. In this study, we successfully distinguished between flying fishes and the other fishes by combining amplified
DNA fragments with universally designed primers and digesting the PCR products with AfaI and MfeI restriction endonucleases. PCR-RFLP of 15 ago-noyaki, 2 noyaki, and 8 other processed flying-fish products were analyzed to authenticate flying-fish content among processed seafood products.
After digestion of the PCR products with both enzymes, we found that all ago-noyaki and processed flying fish products contained either two or three DNA fragments of ~200, 300, and 530 bp, and noyaki samples (which do not contain flying fish) contained only one fragment of ~530 bp. Here, we present a new procedure to confirm
the content of flying-fish meal in ago-noyaki. 相似文献
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New statistical developments combined with the use of highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers enable the determination of the population of origin of single fish, resulting in numerous new research possibilities and applications in practical management of fish populations. We first describe three main categories of methods available, i.e. (i) assignment tests and related methods, (ii) discriminant function analysis and (iii) artificial neural networks. In all these, individuals can be assigned to the population from which their multilocus genotypes are most likely to be derived. Assignment tests are based on calculations of the likelihood of multilocus genotypes in populations, based on allele frequencies. Discriminant function analysis is based on multivariate statistics, whereas artificial neural networks formulate predictions through exposure to correct solutions. Assignment tests are the methods of choice when considering genetic data alone, whereas discriminant function analysis and artificial neural networks may be useful when genetic data are combined with, for instance, morphological and ecological data. Assignment tests can be used to assess the genetic distinctness of populations, for discriminating among closely related species and to directly identify immigrants or individuals of immigrant ancestry, and thereby study patterns of dispersal among populations, including sex‐biased dispersal. In a conservation context, assignment tests can be used to assess the genetic impact of domesticated fish on wild populations and for determining if extant fish populations are in fact indigenous or descendants from stocked fish or strayers, and they can be applied in forensics, for instance to reveal poaching. Assignment tests are at present most useful for studies of freshwater and anadromous fishes owing to stronger genetic differentiation among populations than in marine fishes. However, some genetically divergent populations of marine fishes have been discovered, which could be used as natural laboratories for studying dispersal and gene flow. It is foreseen that ongoing developments in statistical methods, combined with improved techniques for screening large numbers of loci, will permit assignment methods to become standard tools in studies on the biology of fishes. 相似文献
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用蛋白酶k酚氯抽提法从圆斑星鲽、高眼鲽、大菱鲆和真鲷4种海水鱼的肌肉组织中提取基因组DNA,根据金枪鱼、牙鲆及相关鱼类的线粒体DNA(m tDNA)序列保守片断设计出扩增引物,扩增从16SrRNA到ND4之间约9400 bp的m tDNA长片段。用10种限制性内切酶(H inf I,H ind III,EcoR V,EcoT22 I,Mun I,EcoT14 I,Apa I,B ln I,Ava II,D ra I)对扩增得到的m tDNA长片段进行限制性酶切和分析,其中8种酶有酶切位点。利用Ne i-L i的片断法计算出单倍型的片断共享度,根据片断共享度计算出4种鱼之间的遗传距离,用M ega 3.1软件构建NJ系统关系树,同时探讨利用线粒体大片断PCR-RFLP方法进行鱼类系统发生研究的特点。 相似文献