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1.
[目的] 研究福建省生态系统碳储量及其对土地利用变化的响应,为生态系统保护提供参考。[方法] 基于土地利用数据和碳密度数据,运用InVEST模型模拟福建省1980,2000,2020年碳储量;利用冷热点分布、转移图谱和矩阵分析碳储量和土地利用的时空特征;最后分析碳储量对土地利用变化的响应。[结果] ①福建省碳储量整体均较高,82.5%以上区域的碳储量为中等以上(＞3 000 t),主要分布在山地丘陵地区,也是高碳储量的热点集中区;高(热点)低(冷点)碳储量集中区转移较少;1980—2020年总碳储量波动略升高,2000—2020年不同碳储量等级彼此之间转移相对较多。②福建省土地利用/覆被以林地为主(61.4%~62.9%),其次是耕地(16.9%~18.3%)和草地(15.2%~17.2%);土地利用/覆被变化在1980—2000年较稳定,在2000—2020年较剧烈。③林地、草地和耕地的总碳储量较高,水域、建设用地和未利用地总碳储量较少;耕地总碳储量减少,建设用地总碳储量增加,林地和草地有增加也有减少;由土地利用/覆被变化导致的总碳储量转出和转入最多均为林地,其次是草地和耕地;总碳储量净转移为负的是林地,其他为正,林地转移引起的碳亏损最多。[结论] 耕地、林地和草地是福建省的主要土地利用类型,它们贡献了较高碳储量,并相互转移引起了碳储量变化。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究珠三角地区2005-2020年土地利用变化及其对碳储量的影响,并对2035年珠三角的土地利用格局和碳储量进行模拟预测,以期为珠三角地区"双碳"目标下的国土空间规划和生态决策提供科学依据。[方法] 基于2005-2020年4期土地利用数据,以珠三角城市群为研究区域,采用PLUS模型和InVEST模型对该区的土地利用变化和碳储量演变进行分析,并预测其2035年土地利用空间格局和碳储量变化趋势。[结果] ①2005-2020年,珠三角地区碳储量先增加后减少,林地、建设用地和未利用地增多促进碳储量增长了4.82×107 t,耕地、草地和水域减少导致碳储量减少了5.10×107 t。②预计2035年,随着建设用地和林地的增加,该区碳储量较2020年增长5.75×107 t,生态环境向好发展。③该区碳储量表现出"四周高,中部低"的空间分布格局,与土地利用空间分布具有显著一致性,即碳储量高值区集中在林地、耕地和草地,碳储量低值区集聚在建设用地。[结论] 随着未来城市发展需要,政府部门应进行土地综合开发利用,采取生物、工程技术等生态修复措施,提升区域固碳能力,助力实现碳中和目标。 相似文献
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海南岛海岸带土地利用变化及其对碳储量时空演变的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
[目的] 预测未来土地利用/覆盖变化(land use and land cover change,LULCC)及其对生态系统碳储量的影响,为区域土地利用决策和碳管理提供科学依据。[方法] 基于30 m分辨率的海南岛1990,2000,2010,2020年土地利用遥感解译数据,运用ArcGIS与InVEST模型,探究土地利用时空演变及碳储量响应状况,并引入GeoSOS-FLUS模型预测研究区2030年土地利用多情景变化特征及其对未来不同情景下生态系统碳储量的影响机制。[结果] ①1990—2020年研究区耕地、林地、草地和未利用地面积减少,水域和建设用地面积增加。未利用地和耕地面积持续减少,建设用地面积持续增加。②30 a间LULCC导致区域碳储量持续减少,达到1.50×106 t且年变化率为5.00×104 t/a。建设用地的大肆扩张及林地退化是导致碳储量下降的重要原因,“未利用地→草地”为碳储量增加中最明显的图谱变化,“草地→林地(人工林地)”是碳储量减少中最显著的图谱变化。③2020—2030年的3种预测情景中,林地仅在生态优先情景下得到了有效保护,且面积增加了11.91 km2。建设用地在3种预测情景中均呈现不同程度扩张态势,且发展优先情景涨幅最大。[结论] 海南岛大面积高碳密度的天然草地转换为低碳密度的人工林地,高碳区转变为低碳区,区域固碳能力削弱。应采取提高林地、草地等地类比重等一系列的土地利用调控政策,加大区域碳源向碳汇转换的优化发展。 相似文献
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基于InVEST模型的黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕还林还草工程对生态系统碳储量的影响评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的] 定量评估退耕还林还草工程对黄土丘陵沟壑区生态系统碳储量的影响,为区域生态建设提供理论基础。[方法] 采用GIS空间分析法与InVEST模型相结合,研究2000—2020年黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用及碳储量变化。[结果] ①研究区2000—2020年耕地转为林、草地面积分别占耕地转出量的20.75%,86.56%,区域林、草地覆盖率增加了1.76%; ②退耕还林工程显著提升了黄土丘陵沟壑区碳汇功能,碳储量由2000年的8.22×108 t增长至2020年的8.26×108 t,2010年碳储量达到峰值,为8.35×108 t; ③研究区净增加碳储量远远抵消了碳流失量,其中还林还草的碳储量贡献率最大,分别是38.82%,22.58%。[结论] 实施退耕还林还草工程对区域生态系统碳储量具有显著的正面作用,林、草地建设均可增强生态系统碳储存服务。未来研究应重点关注生态修复工程的碳汇贡献,科学管理林、草植被,提高区域生态系统服务功能。 相似文献
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西北干旱区不同土地利用情景下的碳储量及碳源/汇变化模拟与预估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的] 研究中国西北干旱区2000—2020年以及未来2100年不同发展情景下的土地利用变化,分析土地利用变化引起的碳储量、碳源/汇变化,以期为区域土地优化管理及碳汇增加和环境保护提供参考。[方法] 基于2000—2020年土地利用数据,采用FLUS模型模拟未来2100年土地利用情景;采用修正后的碳密度、土地利用数据,运用InVEST模型carbon子模块估算并分析2000—2020年及未来2100年不同土地利用情景下的区域生态系统碳储量、碳源/汇及变化。[结果] ①2000—2020年西北干旱区耕地、草地和建设用地面积持续增加,林地、水域和未利用地面积减少,21 a间全区域碳储量增长了1.60×108 t,其中植被碳储总量增加2.89×105 t,土壤碳储总量增加1.60×108 t。②与2020年相比,2100年自然发展情景、耕地保护情景和生态保护情景下碳储量分别增加了6.37×108,7.78×108,8.49×108 t,耕地、生态保护情景下碳储能力有明显的提升,是增加区域碳汇的重要途径。③西北干旱区碳储量值空间分布存在明显异质性,碳储量高值区（9 800～14 568 t）主要集中连片分布于山林区,而广大沙漠、戈壁区碳储量值较低（1 600～5 800 t）,这与区域土地利用类型的分布密切相关。④2000—2100年碳源/汇区呈嵌套、交错分布,碳源区主要分布于天山北坡、塔里木盆地绿洲边缘及昆仑山西部,碳汇区与碳储量中、高值区分布基本一致,集中在林地、草地广布的山区。[结论] 西北干旱区2000—2020年碳储量呈持续上升趋势,未来3种情景下碳储量也均有明显增加,特别是生态保护情景下碳储能力显著提升,有利于生态环境持续良性发展。 相似文献
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基于InVEST模型的祁连山国家公园碳储量时空分布研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
[目的] 研究祁连山国家公园碳储量及其时空分布,分析土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响,为提升国家公园生态价值、调整生态工程及土地管理政策提供科学依据。[方法] 结合土地利用变化动态指数和土地转移矩阵分析国家公园生态破坏和生态恢复前后的土地利用变化,然后基于InVEST模型Carbon模块,以土地利用遥感影像和碳密度为模型运行数据,计算土地利用变化导致的碳储量变化。[结果] ①祁连山国家公园1980,1990,2000,2010,2018年的碳储量分别为9.07×108,9.07×108,9.07×108,9.16×108,9.17×108 t,呈现“先减后增”的趋势,累计增加9.86×106 t。②碳储量空间分布与土地利用类型有一定联系。碳储量较高的地区主要集中在公园东段和中段东侧,以林地为主;碳储量较低的地区主要集中公园西段和中段西侧,以未利用地为主。③1980—2018年生态正向演变下的土地利用变化（耕地、草地和未利用地转为林地,耕地和未利用地转为草地,未利用地转为水域）是国家公园碳储量增加的主要原因。[结论] 巩固实施生态工程,着重保护草地资源、调整土地管理政策等方式能够有效促进生态系统正向演变,优化土地利用结构,有利于祁连山国家公园陆地生态碳储量的增加。 相似文献
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滇中城市群2000-2020年土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的] 以高原喀斯特地貌区滇中城市群为例,引入地形梯度,探究快速城镇化过程中滇中城市群的土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）对生态系统服务价值（ESV）的影响,为其他相似地区的生态系统服务价值提升和土地利用规划提供理论指导。[方法] 基于2000,2010和2020年3期土地利用数据,结合地形位指数、修正的ESV当量和热点分析等技术手段定量探讨滇中城市群2000—2020年的土地利用和ESV在地形梯度上的时空变化特征,并通过ESV损益流向表分析滇中城市群LUCC对ESV的影响。[结果] ①2000—2020年,滇中城市群耕地和林地分别减少了1.21×105 hm2,1.19×105 hm2,而建设用地面积增加了2.16×105 hm2。耕地、水域和建设用地主要集中分布在低地形梯度上,林地主要集中分布在高地形梯度上。②ESV总体呈下降趋势,价值量从2000年的1 196.41亿元减少到2020年的1 137.50亿元,共减少58.91亿元。ESV在地形梯度上的空间分异特征显著,ESV高值区主要分布在海拔高且坡度大的西部和北部区域,ESV低值区则与之相反。③林地和水域的流失以及建设用地对耕地的侵占导致ESV损失惨重,损失区主要分布于昆明市中部和红河州北部的城镇区。2010—2020年,由于退耕还林、还草、还湖等政策的实施使红河州北部和曲靖市北部区域的林地和水域面积增加并出现ESV增值区。[结论] 研究期内LUCC对ESV产生了较大影响,并在地形梯度上表现出了较明显的空间差异。可以通过对现有林草地和湖滨湿地进行改善和保护,并严格控制ESV损失冷点区等措施来提升滇中城市群生态系统服务价值和促进区域土地可持续利用。 相似文献
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[目的] 分析鄱阳湖湿地生态系统碳储量时空特征,为下一步鄱阳湖地区湿地保护,实现区域“碳达峰、碳中和”提供科学依据。[方法] 结合InVEST和GeoSoS-FLUS模型,计算2000—2020年鄱阳湖地区典型湿地碳储量,并预测自然发展情景与生态保护情景下2030年碳储量变化。借助地理探测器模型,探究碳储量变化的驱动因素。[结果] ①2000,2010,2020年鄱阳湖地区典型湿地碳储量分别为2.42×106,2.48×106,2.46×106 t。②高碳储量集中于中西部林地,低碳储量集中于中东部、西部和北部的湖泊水域。③土地利用是碳储量转移的主导因素,其中沼泽草地、沼泽地、林地、耕地对碳储量转移的解释力依次降低。④相较于自然发展情景,生态保护情景2020—2030年碳储量变化速率由-17.81%变化为-1.09%。[结论] 合理的生态保护政策可以有效地保障湿地的固碳能力,应强化国土用途管制,落实生态保护措施,为提升区域碳储能力提供保障。 相似文献
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[目的] 评估广西壮族自治区茅尾海土地利用与碳储量的时空变化特征,为促进增碳汇与可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法] 使用监督分类的方法对茅尾海2009,2015和2021年的3期遥感影像数据进行解译提取,基于ArcGIS软件和InVEST模型对茅尾海土地利用变化与碳储量演化进行研究。[结果] ①茅尾海土地类型主要呈现"大聚居,小杂居"的分布特点,2009-2021年耕地、浅海水域和渔业养殖区面积减少,红树林湿地、建筑用地、林草地、淤泥质滩涂面积增加; ②茅尾海碳储量呈先下降后上升趋势,2009-2015,2015-2021,2009-2021年区域碳储量变化量分别为-1.10×105,3.77×104,-7.29×104 t;碳固定净现值分别为-1.37×108,4.66×107,-9.01×107元; ③2009-2021年,茅尾海主要为渔业养殖区、林草地等高固碳土地利用类型向建筑用地等低固碳类型的转变,转为建筑用地造成的碳储量损失最大,达2.85×105 t;转为渔业养殖区增加的碳储量达1.81×105 t。[结论] 加快推动茅尾海养殖方式转型升级,加强红树林在宜林区域的增殖及加快森林城市建设,有利于研究区域固碳与可持续发展。 相似文献
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[目的]分析贵州省生态系统碳储量时空分布格局、演变特征及其对土地利用转移的响应,研究各县域生态系统碳储量服务的脆弱性,为贵州省区域土地利用管理决策及“双碳”目标的实现提供科学依据和参考。[方法]运用InVEST模型和潜在影响指数(PI)分析贵州省2000—2020年碳储量变化特征和生态系统碳储存服务的脆弱性。[结果](1)近20 a间贵州省土地利用结构发生显著变化,前10 a和后10 a分别有14.10%,17.29%的土地发生转移,耕地是建设用地扩张的主要来源。(2)贵州省20 a间生态系统碳储量减少2.40×107 t,林地的缩减和建设用地的扩张是碳储量减少的主要原因。(3)贵州省碳储量Moran’s I指数均大于0,空间分布具有显著的空间正相关性和集聚性。冷热点分析显示碳储量热点分布较为分散,冷点分布集中稳定。(4)贵州省前10 a和后10 a PI指数分别为-1.27和-0.15,脆弱性有所改善。县域间脆弱性存在空间差异,边缘县域负向影响显著,20 a间81.82%的县脆弱性降低。[结论]贵州省林地的转出和建设用地的扩张对碳储量和碳储量服务脆弱性影响显著,... 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献