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1.
试验选用体重约65kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]猪96头,按性别和体重随机分为3组,分别饲喂能量水平为14.21、13.59、12.96MJ/kg的试验饲粮并在饲养试验结束时进行了屠宰试验。结果表明:在热带地区冷季节气候条件下(约平均温度为19.7℃,平均相对湿度为75.4%),瘦肉型育肥猪饲粮的消化能需要参数定为14.21MJ/kg时其日增重和饲料转化率最佳;随着饲粮消化能水平的提高,瘦肉型猪屠宰率和三点平均值有着提高的趋势,瘦肉率和腿臀比例有下降的趋势,但肉色评分和肌肉pH值无明显变化;当饲粮消化能水平为13.59MJ/kg时,试验猪背最长肌干物质、粗脂肪和蛋白质含量最高,肌肉大理石花纹和眼肌平均面积较理想,但饲粮消化能水平对肌肉pH1和pH24的影响不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

2.
试验按15～30 kg体重(仔猪)和30～70 kg(生长猪)两个阶段进行,试验选择发育正常、健康良好的三元杂交猪(杜×长×大),初始体重为(15±1.1)kg和(30±1.6)kg的猪只各48头,采用单因子试验设计,按体重、窝别等因素两个阶段各随机分成2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复8头。Ⅰ组以消化能体系确定饲养标准设计饲粮配方,Ⅱ组以净能体系确定饲养标准设计饲粮配方,试验结果表明:利用猪净能体系配制日粮,在仔猪及生长猪阶段,净能指标分别设定为9.948 MJ/kg和9.823 MJ/kg,并考虑可消化氨基酸的平衡,可取得以消化能13.794 MJ/kg和13.585 MJ/kg为能量基础配制日粮同样的生长效果,并可使饲料成本明显降低。  相似文献   

3.
试验选用32头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为A、B组,A为试验组,B为对照组。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕-鱼粉型基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中用大豆浓缩蛋白部分取代鱼粉。每组2个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。试验期为45d。试验结果显示:在25日龄断奶仔猪饲粮中用大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉,可提高仔猪日增重(P<0.05)、采食量(P<0.05)和饲料利用率(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

4.
将40只3月龄杜泊羊与小尾寒羊杂交一代羊分成5组,研究其在不同能量、蛋白日粮水平下,日粮干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白、能量的消化率。结果表明:在本试验条件下,3月龄杜×小杂种肉羊对干物质的消化率,随日粮蛋白能量的不同而差异显著,对于能量相近的1、2、3组随日粮蛋白质水平的升高而升高,对于蛋白相近的3、4、5组随日粮能量水平的升高而升高。高能量组干物质的消化率达最高;3月龄杜×小杂种肉羊对有机物质的消化率,不同蛋白能量日粮间差异不显著,有机物质的消化率不随日粮蛋白能量水平的变化而发生规律性变化;3月龄杜×小杂种肉羊对蛋白质的消化率,低蛋白组和高能量组差异不显著,其他组之间差异显著。对于能量相近的1、2、3组,随日粮蛋白质水平的升高而降低,对于蛋白质相近的3、4、5组,随日粮能量水平的升高而升高。高能量组蛋白质的消化率达最高;3月龄杜×小杂种肉羊对能量的消化率,随日粮蛋白能量的不同而差异显著,对于能量相近的1、2、3组,随日粮蛋白水平的升高无规律性变化,在中蛋白水平能量的消化率达最高,对于蛋白相近的3、4、5组,随日粮能量水平的升高而升高。高能量组能量的消化率达最高。  相似文献   

5.
饲粮中能量和蛋白质水平直接影响生长猪的生长发育、饲料利用效率、经济效益和胴体品质。组织这次试验的目的是试图探讨长白×大·围(大约克×大围子),大约克×长·围(长白×大围子)三元杂交商品猪在不同能量、蛋白质水平日粮条件下的饲养效果,充分挖掘其遗传潜力,为组织大面积生产和合理饲养提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
试验选用14日龄、体重约4.1kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]仔猪72头 ,分为6个处理组 ,每个处理组2个重复 ,每个重复6头仔猪。分别饲喂含消化能(DE)浓度不同的6组饲粮 ,饲粮添加大豆油和椰子油各半 ,试验到仔猪体重达8.7kg 结束。通过饲养试验和屠宰试验 ,研究4.1～8.7kg 早期断奶仔猪消化能需求参数 ;同时采用相近体重阉公仔猪36头 ,每组6头进行消化试验 ,测定各组饲粮的消化能、代谢能浓度及各营养物质消化率和氮沉积。消化试验结果表明 ,上述各组饲粮消化能浓度依次为13.53、14.34、14.79、15.26、15.64、16.04MJ/kg ;随着饲粮消化能浓度的提高 ,饲粮中干物质、氮和粗脂肪消化率都显著或极显著提高(P<0.05、P<0.01) ,能量消化率趋于提高(P>0.05) ,氮存留量和存留效率也极显著提高(P<0.01)。饲养试验和屠宰试验结果表明 ,上述各组仔猪DE日摄入量依次为3990、3967、4158、4349、4198kJ/d。DE日摄入量4349和4158kJ/d组仔猪的综合生产性能优于其它组 ;胴体瘦肉率4349kJ/d组略高于其它组(P>0.05) ;随DE摄入量的增加 ,屠宰率和眼肌面积趋于提高(P>0.05)、胴体瘦肉日增重极显著提高(P<0.01);背膘厚和胴体脂肪率在饲粮DE浓度由13.53MJ/kg增至14.79MJ/kg时趋于提高 ,继续提高DE浓度至15.64MJ/kg 则趋于降低(P>0.05  相似文献   

7.
研究旨在评定猪对脱酚棉籽消化能和粗蛋白表观消化率,并比较脱酚棉籽蛋白(DCP)与豆粕(SBM)之间差异。选用体重(36.2±1.6)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪6头,采用套算法、双3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验日粮分别为脱酚棉籽蛋白日粮、豆粕日粮和基础日粮,每个拉丁方阶段包括5 d预饲期、5 d正式期,整个试验共30 d。结果表明,脱酚棉籽蛋白、豆粕消化能含量分别为12.41 MJ/kg、13.62 MJ/kg。脱酚棉籽蛋白、豆粕中粗蛋白表观消率化分别为73.35%、82.05%,表观可消化粗蛋白含量分别为37.92%、35.45%。脱酚棉籽蛋白是新型蛋白质原料,其消化能含量为豆粕的91.11%,粗蛋白表观消率化为豆粕的89.39%,可消化粗蛋白含量为豆粕的106.99%。脱酚棉籽蛋白在猪饲料中的应用具有广阔的前景。  相似文献   

8.
不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊能量与蛋白质消化代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验旨在研究自由采食及限饲条件下杜×寒杂交公羔对主要营养物质的消化代谢规律。将15只杜×寒杂交公羔随机分为3组,按自由采食、自由采食量的70%和自由采食量的40%3个水平饲喂,通过消化代谢和呼吸测热试验确定蛋白质和能量的代谢规律及气体的排放规律。结果表明:限饲组干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氮表观消化率高于自由采食组(P>0.05);食入总能、粪能、甲烷气体能、消化能、代谢能3组间差异显著(P<0.05);CO2排出量和甲烷产生量在不同饲喂水平间差异显著(P<0.05),甲烷能占总能比例变化为7.45～8.75,呼吸熵的变化在0.68～0.84。限饲条件下杜×寒杂交公羔主要营养物质的表观消化率高于自由采食水平,限饲不利于氮的充分利用;日粮饲喂水平对甲烷能占总能比例、能量消化率和能量代谢率等指标影响不显著,但会显著影响肉羊的甲烷排放量。  相似文献   

9.
试验选用体重约8kg的三元杂交(杜长大)猪60头,随机分成3组,每组2个重复,分别饲喂含不同剂量中华富铁康900的饲粮,研究中华富铁康900对仔猪生产性能、肤色的影响。结果表明,以中华富铁康900取代饲粮中部分硫酸亚铁,显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比(P<0.05),明显改善仔猪肤色。根据试验效果,仔猪饲粮中中华富铁康900的添加量为2×10-4～4×10-4。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨大豆浓缩蛋白在超早期断奶仔猪饲粮中的应用,试验选用72头14日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为4组:处理一,不添加血浆蛋白粉和大豆浓缩蛋白;处理二,添加5%血浆蛋白粉,不添加大豆浓缩蛋白;处理三,添加2.5%血浆蛋白粉和5%大豆浓缩蛋白;处理四,不添加血浆蛋白粉,添加10%大豆浓缩蛋白。每处理3个重复(栏),每重复6头猪,试验为期4周。试验结果表明:超早期断奶仔猪饲粮添加5%血浆蛋白粉提高了仔猪采食量(P<0.05)与日增重(P<0.01),降低仔猪料重比(P<0.01);大豆浓缩蛋白未能提高仔猪采食量(P>0.05),可在一定程度上提高仔猪日增重与饲料效率(P>0.05);大豆浓缩蛋白对仔猪小肠粘膜结构和细胞免疫机能没有影响(P>0.05),但有降低仔猪免疫激活状态的趋势(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
Twenty-one early-weaned West African dwarf goats weighing between 1.0 and 1.5 kg at birth were used to assess the protein and energy requirement of pre-weaned West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed soyabean diet. Three isonitrogenous diets (24%) were prepared such that dried whole-milk protein was replaced by corn starch and soyabean concentrate protein at 0.0%, 25.0% and 50.0% levels such that a 14.5% total solid solution was obtained for each diet. Results indicated that a daily digestible energy (expressed as kcal/day/W0.75 kg) intake of 58.2, 63.7, 98.5 and 114.6 kcal was required for maintenance, while a corresponding value of 7.37, 4.50, 2.18 and 1.91 kcal was required per day per gram live weight gain by the kids at 4, 6, 9 and 13weeks old, respectively. Similarly, a digestible crude protein (DCP) intake of 3.59 g/day/W0.75 kg) appeared to be adequate for maintenance of the kids between 0 and 13 weeks, while 0.34 g/day/W0.75 kg of DCP intake was required per day per gram live weight.  相似文献   

12.
105 growing sows in the live weight range were fed with 7 test rations with graduated energy and amino acid levels. The growth intensity was very much influenced by the daily energy consumption. On the basis of regression analysis the following linear relation between daily weight increase (y in g per kg live weight0,75) and the daily energy consumption (x in energetic feed units for pigs per kg live weight0,75) was calculated: y = -13,79 + 0,7037 x (r = 0,84, sb -0,0295). The interpolation with regard to live weight balance resulted in a maintenance requirement of 19,8 energetic feed units for pigs resp. 70 kcal net energy fat for pigs per kg live weight0,75. The methods of assessment chosen showed an increase of the energy requirement per 100 g additional live weight increase per day of a constant amount, independent of the live weight, of 142 energetic feed units for pigs resp. 497 kcal net energy fat for pigs.  相似文献   

13.
早期断奶仔猪的能量、蛋白和赖氨酸需要量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用72头3周龄断奶仔猪探讨5.5-12公斤仔猪日粮的蛋白质和赖氨酸的适宜水平;用30头猪做消化代谢试验,探讨仔猪对各种营养成分公的消化率。结果表明:赖氨酸和蛋白水平对仔猪日增重有显著的影响,而对氮沉积、赖氨酸消化率及干物质消化率无显著影响。采食含19％粗蛋白、1.08％赖氨酸日粮仔猪的全期日增重较高(272克)。在此增重水平下,每日需1860千卡消化能,100.7克粗蛋白和5.88克赖氨酸。  相似文献   

14.
Investigations of the performance of growing pigs in the live weight range of 30 to 60 kg kept individually and in groups with ad libitum and rationed feeding were carried out in two air-conditioned rooms. The air temperature in the individual experiments was 20 degrees C, 10 degrees C and 5 degrees C, the relative atmospheric moisture in all experiments was between 70 and 80%. A diminished growth of 24 g per day per degrees C below 20 degrees could be ascertained for pigs kept individually. The diminishing of the growth can be compensated by an increase of the feed intake of 1.3 g per kg live weight, day and degrees C resp. the intake of metabolisable energy of 4 kcal per kg live weight, day and degrees C until the capacity of feed consumption is reached.  相似文献   

15.
Growing goats, 45 Alpine and 45 Nubian, were used in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement to quantify the influence of dietary energy and protein levels on daily DM intake and nutrient utilization for growth. Goats had ad libitum access to complete mixed diets containing either 2.46, 2.77 or 3.05 Mcal/kg ME plus 11.2, 12.7 or 15.1% CP for 16 wk. Dry matter intake decreased curvilinearly as dietary ME density increased (P less than .001). Dry matter intake increased linearly (P less than .05) as dietary CP level increased during all growth intervals except wk 25 to 28 of age. Average daily gain was 115, 113 and 99 g/d for goats fed diets containing 2.46, 2.77 and 3.05 Mcal/kg ME, respectively. Average daily gain was 104, 106 and 117 g/d for goats fed diets with 11.2, 12.7 and 15.1% CP, respectively. Dry matter intake was higher (P less than .01) for Alpine than for Nubian goats, whereas ADG was similar between breeds. Intake of ME was 248, 260 and 198 kcal/(kg.75.d) for goats fed the low- medium- and high-energy diets, respectively. Intake of CP was 9.1, 10.7 and 13.2 g/(kg.75.d) for goats fed low-, medium- and high-protein diets, respectively. Average requirements for growth derived from regression analysis of all data points were 4.6 kcal ME and .26 g CP/g ADG. The prediction equation for intake of growing goats of 4 to 8 mo of age was: DMI, g/d = 1,749 - 496 DE, kcal/g + 18 live weight, kg + 3 ADG, g/d; r2 = .73 (Sy.x = 127, P less than .0001, n = 90). The requirement of ME for growth was 33% lower than the value recommended in 1981 by the National Research Council.  相似文献   

16.
Eight replicates of four Large White littermate female pigs were used to evaluate the effect of protein and lysine levels in the diet on the efficiency of protein and energy utilization. In each replicate, one pig was slaughtered at about 20 kg live weight and the others received three diets that contained (per Mcal digestible energy) 37.5 and 2.00 g (diet pl), 37.5 and 2.35 g (diet pL) or 45.0 and 2.35 g (diet PL) of digestible protein and lysine, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered after a 7-wk period. Tissue and chemical composition of the gain and energy and nitrogen gain were determined by using the comparative slaughter technique. Metabolizable energy (ME) intakes were similar in the treatments. Pigs fed the pl diet had a smaller body weight and muscle gain and retained less nitrogen and more lipids than pigs fed pL and PL diets. The decrease in the level of nonessential nitrogen in the diet (pL vs PL) did not affect body weight and muscle gain and the amount of nitrogen retained in muscle tissues. However, pigs given the PL diet had a higher total nitrogen retention and a lower fat deposition and exhibited a higher heat production. For each gram of additional protein catabolized for energy purposes (PL vs pL), heat production was increased by 1.8 kcal. The amount of lysine per unit of muscle gain (38 g/kg) or protein deposited (120 g/kg) was independent of protein and lysine levels in the diet. Estimates of energy (indirect calorimetry) and nitrogen (balance technique) retention were also obtained on the same animals; results were comparable with data obtained by direct measurements.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluated effects of increasing levels of dried rumen contents (DRC) on voluntary intake, growth performance, digestibility, nutritive value, N utilization, microbial protein supply (MPS), and purine derivatives excretion (PDE) of lambs fed with Afzelia africana basal forage. Sixteen lambs (13.7?±?0.1 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to one of the four eight diets containing 0, 200, 400 and 600 g DRC/kg dry matter (DM) in a completely random design. Intakes of concentrate, DM, crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), digestible CP (DCP), digestible OM (DOM), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), CP and OM digestibility, DOM, DCP, DE, ME, N intake and retention, weight gain, cost/kg BW gain, MPS and PDE increased with increasing DRC level up to 400 g/kg DRC and declined at 600 g/kg DRC (P?<?0.05; 0.01). Feed conversion ratio and DM digestibility declined as DRC level increased from 0 to 400 g/kg and peaked at 600 g/kg DRC (P?<?0.05; 0.01). Forage intake and DE/DCP ratio decreased (P?<?0.05; 0.01) progressively with increasing DRC level. Results indicate that DRC can be incorporated up to 400 g/kg in a compounded ration for sheep.  相似文献   

18.
Three experiments were conducted to measure energy, P, and AA digestibility in 2 novel co-products from the ethanol industry [i.e., high-protein distillers dried grains (HP DDG) and corn germ]. These products are produced by dehulling and degerming corn before it enters the fermentation process. Experiment 1 was an energy balance experiment conducted to measure DE and ME in HP DDG, corn germ, and corn. Six growing pigs (initial BW, 48.9 +/- 1.99 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and fed diets based on corn, corn and HP DDG, or corn and corn germ. Pigs were allotted to a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design. The DE and ME in corn (4,056 and 3,972 kcal/kg of DM, respectively) did not differ from the DE and ME in corn germ (3,979 and 3,866 kcal/kg of DM, respectively). However, HP DDG contained more (P < 0.05) energy (4,763 kcal of DE/kg of DM and 4,476 kcal of ME/kg of DM) than corn or corn germ. Experiment 2 was conducted to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and true total tract digestibility of P in HP DDG and corn germ. Thirty growing pigs (initial BW, 33.2 +/- 7.18 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on HP DDG or corn germ. A P-free diet was used to measure endogenous P losses. Pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design, with 10 replications per treatment. The ATTD and the retention of P were calculated for the diets containing HP DDG and corn germ, and the endogenous loss of P was estimated from pigs fed the P-free diet. The ATTD was lower (P < 0.05) in corn germ (28.6%) than in the HP DDG (59.6%). The retention of P was also lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed corn germ (26.7%) than in pigs fed HP DDG (58.9%). The endogenous loss of P was estimated to be 211 +/- 39 mg per kg of DMI. The true total tract digestibility of P for HP DDG and corn germ was calculated to be 69.3 and 33.7%, respectively. In Exp. 3, apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility values of CP and AA in HP DDG and corn germ were measured using 6 growing pigs (initial BW, 78.2 +/- 11.4 kg) allotted to a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design. The apparent ileal digestibility for CP and all AA except Arg and Pro, and the standardized ileal digestibility for CP and all AA except Arg, Lys, Gly, and Pro were greater (P < 0.05) in HP DDG than in corn germ. It was concluded that HP DDG has a greater digestibility of energy, P, and most AA than corn germ.  相似文献   

19.
In 3 experiments a total of 242 total metabolism experiments with ad libitum feeding (experiment 1), 75% (experiment 2) and 62% (experiment 3) of the energy level of the 1st experiment and approximately equal protein and amino acid doses in experiments 1-3 were carried out with 8 castrated male fattening hybrids each (large white X land race pig) X line 150) in the live weight range between 30 and 120 kg. On average, feed intake over the whole live weight range was 2.24; 1.79 and 1.50 kg/animal and day, the corresponding daily live weight gain was 729, 533 and 396 g. With regard to the digestibility of the energy and the nutrients and the metabolisable energy in % of the gross energy there was no relation to the development of the animals. The intake of metabolisable energy per kg live weight decreased with ad libitum feeding and with the advancing development at the end of the experiment in contrast to the beginning of the experiment to 53%, energy retention to 56%. The utilisation of metabolisable energy for body energy retention, taking account of a maintenance requirement of 450 kJ/kg live weight 0,62 on the average of the 3 experiments was 68.4 +/- 1.9, 70.3 +/- 2.0 and 64.3 +/- 2.6%. Energy retention in experiments 1 to 3 amounted to 8.6, 6.8 and 5.3 MJ at the beginning and to 18.1, 12.2 and 8.0 MJ per animal and day at the end of the experiment. Protein energy retention of the pigs (live weight 40 kg) was 26% of the total energy retention in experiments 1 and 2 and 49% in experiment 3. In experiments 1 and 3 protein retention decreased to 15% of the total energy retention, in experiment 2 protein retention remained constantly at 22% between 60 and 110 kg live weight and then decreased to 18%. Consequently, the N-balances were 23-16 g, 16-20 g and 16-9 g/animal and day. The chemical composition of the carcasses was strongly influenced by the level of nutrition. At the beginning of the experiment the protein content averaged between 49 and 57% and the total fat content between 31 and 38% of the dry matter. At the end of the experiment the carcasses of the animals from experiments 1-3 had crude protein contents of 28, 33 and 42% and total fat contents of 66, 61 and 50% of the dry matter.  相似文献   

20.

Fifteen Bhadawari buffalo heifers of 207?±?9.78 kg mean body weight were randomly distributed into three dietary groups to evaluate the effect of protein level on nutrient utilization, nitrogen (N) balance, growth rate, blood metabolites, and puberty. All animals were offered wheat straw-berseem diets supplemented with concentrate mixtures of similar energy (2.7 Mcal/kg) and different protein levels (14.3–22 %). Animals of standard-protein group (SPG) were offered protein and energy as per requirement, while animals of low-protein group (LPG) and high-protein group (HPG) were fed 20 % less and 20 % more protein, respectively, than SPG. Feed dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake (% body wt. and g/kg w0.75) were similar for all three diets; however, the crude protein (CP) and digestible crude protein (DCP) intake on percent body weight and per kilogram metabolic weight was higher (P?<?0.05) in HPG than in SPG or LPG. Digestibility of CP, cellulose, and hemicellulose was higher (P?<?0.05) in HPG versus LPG. Fecal N excretion was similar, while urinary N excretion was highest (P?<?0.05) in HPG (74.83 g/day) compared with SPG (50.03 g/day) and LPG (47.88 g/day), which resulted in lower N retention in HPG than in the other dietary groups. Level of dietary N had no effect on blood metabolites viz. glucose, urea, and N. Digestible energy (DE) and ME contents of diets were identical, while DCP contents were higher (P?<?0.05) in HPG than in LPG. Feed and nutrient (CP and ME) conversion efficiency to produce a unit kilogram weight gain was identical among the dietary groups. Dietary protein level had no effect on the heifer’s weight and age at puberty. The mean growth rate of heifers at 240 days was higher (P?>?0.05) in SPG (330.8 g/day) than in LPG (296.7 g/day), while the animals gained more weight in January to March months and the lowest weight in May to July months. Protein level had no effect on conception rate of heifers. Results revealed that 20 % higher or less protein than the ICAR requirement had no significant (P?>?0.05) on feed intake, nutrient conversion efficiency for weight gain, heifer growth, and puberty; however, 20 % more protein increased urinary N loss.

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