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《动物营养学报》2016,(1)
本次研究旨在了解霉菌毒素在我国西南地区的污染分布规律。对西南地区(四川、重庆、贵州、广西、云南)来自不同规模饲料厂的蛋禽(蛋鸡、蛋小鸡和蛋鸭)的95个配合饲料进行霉菌毒素[黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)、呕吐毒素(DON)和伏马毒素(FB)]含量检测,检测方法先用酶联免疫吸附测定试验(ELISA)法初筛,对含量超过国家限量值的80%的样品运用高效液相色谱法复查。结果表明:1)AFB_1、DON、ZON和FB的检出率分别为83.16%、93.68%、94.74%和100.00%,AFB_1和ZON的超标率均为3.16%,而DON和FB均无超标。不同省市之间蛋禽饲料产品中的AFB_1、DON和ZON的平均含量差异极显著(P0.01),其中AFB_1含量最高的是重庆,为10.9μg/kg,DON含量最高的是四川,为1.07 mg/kg。2)不同蛋禽饲料品种之间的4种霉菌毒素的含量差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)不同规模饲料厂中的蛋禽饲料样品的AFB_1含量差异显著(P0.05),其中AFB_1含量最高的是小规模饲料厂(年产量5万t)的饲料,为6.36μg/kg。由此可见,我国西南地区的蛋禽配合饲料中AFB_1、DON、ZON和FB的污染广泛,不同地区和不同规模饲料厂蛋禽饲料间的霉菌毒素含量存在差异。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(8)
为了解山东省饲料原料及配合饲料中霉菌毒素含量及污染状况,随机采集于山东各地饲料原料2 237份,配合饲料1 432份,利用上转发光竞争抑制免疫层析法分别测定了黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB_1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和呕吐毒素(DON)含量。结果表明:饲料原料中AFB_1污染率为39.20%,超标率为7.18%;ZEN污染率为43.23%,超标率为12.82%;DON污染率为62.58%,超标率为1.79%。玉米及副产物应重点关注3种毒素的污染,小麦及副产物和米糠重点关注DON污染,花生饼粕重点关注AFB_1的污染;配合饲料中AFB_1污染率为45.88%,超标率为2.74%;ZEN污染率为57.05%,超标率为4.04%;DON污染率为77.37%,超标率为0.81%。配合饲料应关注鸭饲料及猪饲料3种毒素的污染,雏鸡饲料应关注AFB_1污染,生长及产蛋鸡饲料应关注ZEN含量,奶牛精料补充料应关注DON和AFB_1的污染。 相似文献
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饲料中的霉菌和其毒素对养殖企业的养殖成本影响十分巨大。本试验以北京大兴种猪示范基地为观察对象,检测不同饲料和饲料原料的蜡样芽孢杆菌、烟曲霉菌以及呕吐毒素（DON）、烟曲霉毒素（FB）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）3种毒素含量。试验结果表明,66份饲料原料和全价饲料样本中,蜡样芽孢杆菌样本的总体检出率为75.8%,烟曲霉菌检出率为69.7%;饲料原料中DON、FB和ZEN检出率较高,成品饲料DON检出率100%,FB检出率83.3%,ZEN检出率66.7%。结论 ：北京地区的饲料霉菌及其毒素污染情况严重,应尽快制定饲料原料毒素污染限量。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究家禽饲料中的主要霉菌毒素与家禽肉、内脏和鸡蛋霉菌毒素含量的相关性。本试验对山东省各地市分别取有代表性的16个肉鸡养殖场(每场采集饲料1份和3只肉鸡的胸肉、腿肉、心脏、肝脏)和14个蛋鸡养殖场(每场采集4枚鸡蛋和1份饲料)进行霉菌毒素检测。结果表明：肉鸡配合饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤酶烯酮(ZEN)和脱氧血腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的检出率分别为93.75%、100%和87.5%,1份AFB1超标饲料中含量为15.02μg/kg时,肉鸡肝脏中AFB1毒素残留量仅为0.012μg/kg。肉鸡饲料中ZEN为502、558、672.5μg/kg时,肝脏ZEN含量分别为0.25、0.354、0.405μg/kg,在其他组织中未发现ZEN毒素残留。肉鸡饲料AFB1、ZEN和DON不超标,肌肉和脏器中没有检出AFB1、ZEN和DON。蛋鸡配合饲料AFB1、ZEN和DON的检出率分别为100%、100%和93.75%,且含量均低于限量标准,3种毒素在鸡蛋中均未检出。饲料中AFB1、ZEN和DON含量低于限量标准时,在肌肉、脏器和鸡蛋中未能检出。饲料中AFB1、ZEN含量高于限量标... 相似文献
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试验为研究发酵全混合日粮霉变过程中霉菌毒素的变化规律，采取人工辅助的方法促使饲料霉变，测定其中玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、T-2毒素（T-2）、黄曲霉毒素（AFT）、呕吐毒素（DON）和伏马菌素（FB）含量，分析5种毒素之间的互作效应。结果显示，ZEN、T-2、AFT、DON和FB之间的关系以负相关为主；FB1与T-2之间具有相互促进繁殖的作用；FB1与AFB1、DON与AFB1之间具有相互抑制繁殖的作用。研究表明，试验结果有助于有效预防和清除饲料中的霉菌毒素，为维护动物健康、提高经济效益提供技术参考。 相似文献
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2019年我国部分地区饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2019年1—12月,江西迈吉生化营养有限公司对来自12省份的693份饲料及饲料原料样品进行了AFB 1(黄曲霉毒素B 1)、ZEN(玉米赤霉烯酮)、DON(呕吐毒素)、FB 1(伏马毒素B 1)和T-2毒素的检测。从检测结果可以看出,有高达100%的饲料及饲料原料受到霉菌毒素不同程度的污染,有91.77%的饲料及饲料原料受到2种及以上霉菌毒素污染。呕吐毒素仍是污染最为严重的毒素类型,尤其是在麸皮中的污染表现得更为突出,其他霉菌毒素共存现象依然普遍。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。 相似文献
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为了解青海省部分地区猪饲料中霉菌毒素的污染情况,应用ELISA方法对2012年采集的青海省部分地区205份猪饲料样品进行了赭曲霉毒素A （OTA）、黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、呕吐毒素（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZON）的检测与分析.结果表明.156份商品化饲料中,OTA、AFB1、DON、ZON阳性率分别为7.05％、16.03％、83.33％和69.87％,49份自制饲料中,OTA、AFB1、DON、ZON阳性率分别为6.12％、28.57％、85.71％和73.4％;156份商品化饲料中,总单污率为11.54％,总混污率为79.49％,在49份自制饲料中,总单污率为8.16％,总混污率为91.84％;试验显示,青海省部分地区饲料中存在霉菌毒素的污染,且混合污染现象严重,同时自制饲料的污染程度较商品化饲料高. 相似文献
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Gutzwiller A Czeglédi L Stoll P Bruckner L 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(9-10):432-438
A feeding trial using 220 weaner pigs which comprised two experimental series was conducted to investigate the effects of diets contaminated with the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and to test the hypothesis that apple pomace acts as an antidote to these mycotoxins. Two diets without contaminated wheat, containing either no pomace or 8% pomace, and two diets with naturally contaminated wheat (3.2 mg DON and 0.06 mg ZON, and 2.1 mg DON and 0.25 mg ZON per kg diet in series 1 and 2 respectively), containing either no pomace or 8% pomace were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Mycotoxin exposure lowered feed intake (p < 0.01) and growth (p = 0.05), and tended to decrease the energy conversion ratio (p = 0.06). Although the intake of apple pomace did not increase feed intake, it increased the growth rate (p = 0.04), mainly by restoring growth in the presence of mycotoxins (p = 0.08 for the interaction mycotoxin x pomace). In the first experimental series, the animals were immunized with a parvovirus vaccine. The percentage of seroconverting animals did not differ between the treatments (p = 0.56), which indicates that DON did not affect the humoral immune response. In the second experimental series, female piglets fed the contaminated diets had heavier uteri than piglets fed the uncontaminated diets (p < 0.01), regardless of pomace supplementation. The results show that pomace may alleviate the negative effect of DON on growth but does not counteract the hormonal effects of ZON. 相似文献
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Hochsteiner W Schuh M Luger K Baumgartner W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,113(1):14-21
Based on a feeding trial using 27 lactating "Simmental-cows" the effect of naturally contaminated feed with deoxynivalenol (DON) as well as zearalenone (ZON) regarding production parameters was examined. 3 groups of cows according to lactation number, milk yield (kg ECM) and body mass were used. The average daily intake of DON in group K was 12.4 mg, in group T 14.1 mg and in group M 14.3 mg and ZON in group K was 12.4 mg, in group T 0.67 mg and in group M 0.68 mg respectively. The feed of animals of group M was supplemented with "Mycofix Plus" as mycotoxin inactivator. The red and white blood picture including the thrombocytes were in all groups within the normal range. Concerning enzymes (GGT, AP) and metabolites (GLUC, TBIL, UREA, CREA) the mean values of the 3 groups were in the normal range. Slightly increased were the mean values of all groups in respect to the AST- and GLDH-activities. Volatile fatty acids of the rumen content were significantly highest in group M, also the number of dead rumen infusoria was significantly decreased, but the counts of small sized infusoria increased. The study has shown that "Mycofix Plus" might be able to enhance the activity of rumen flora concerning detoxification of mycotoxins in feed of dairy cows. 相似文献
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The combination of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at permitted feed concentrations causes serious physiological effects in young pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Feng Chen Yulin Ma Chunyi Xue Jingyun Ma Qingmei Xie Genhu Wang Yingzuo Bi Yongchang Cao 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2008,9(1):39-44
This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 µg/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, DON and ZON caused levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in sera to decrease (p < 0.05) by 14.5%, 6.5% and 11.3%, respectively, and at the same time increased (p < 0.05) the serum enzyme activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 72.0%, 32.6% and 36.6%, respectively. In addition, DON and ZON decreased (p < 0.05) the level of anti-classical swine fever antibody titers by 14.8%. Real-time PCR showed that DON and ZON caused the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, to decrease (p < 0.05) by 36.0%, 29.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Histopathological studies demonstrated that DON and ZON caused abnormalities in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, uterus, and kidney. The concentrations of DON and ZON used in this study are in line with the published critical values permitted by BML. Our study clearly put the standard and adequacy of safety measures for these toxins into question. The authors suggest that with the increasing availability of cellular and molecular technologies, it is time to revisit the safety standards for toxins in feeds so as to make feeds safer, providing consumers with safer products. 相似文献
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由于饲料中多种霉菌毒素并存的几率比较高，本研究以仔猪肠上皮细胞（IPEC-J2）为模型，研究黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和呕吐毒素（DON）的叠加细胞毒性。细胞毒性试验选用AFB1、ZEA和DON三种毒素作为响应面Box-Behnke设计的三个因素，以AFB1：10、20、30 μg/L，ZEA：150、300、450 μg/L，DON：500、1000、1500 μg/L作为Box-Behnke设计的三个编码水平。利用响应面设计构建得到17组复合霉菌毒素组合，以其对IPEC-J2细胞活力的影响作为参考指标，得到对细胞损伤程度最高和最低的霉菌毒素添加比例。结果表明：经方程预测后，得到细胞活力最低（霉菌毒素毒性最高）的AFB1、ZEA和DON组合为30、150 μg/L和1500 μg/L，经测定细胞活力为32.32%|得到细胞活力最高（霉菌毒素毒性最低）的AFB1、ZEA和DON组合为10、150 μg/L和600 μg/L，经测定细胞活力为53.01%。该结果为多种霉菌毒素叠加毒性的研究提供了依据。
[关键词] IPEC-J2细胞|黄曲霉毒素B1|玉米赤霉烯酮|呕吐毒素|细胞毒性 相似文献
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为了解呕吐毒素（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）在2020年底新玉米中的污染情况,指导饲料生产企业和养殖场（户）开展霉菌毒素防控,降低霉菌毒素对饲料质量安全及养殖动物的影响,避免经济受损的风险。2020年12月在市场上采集新玉米样本225份,采用胶体金免疫层析法或上转发光免疫分析法对其霉菌毒素污染情况进行检测,依据安佑集团相关企业标准标和GB 13078-2017《饲料卫生标准》进行判定分析。结果表明：新玉米中霉菌毒素检出率为96.0%,其中DON、ZEN和AFB1的检出率分别为85.8%、87.1%和86.7%|DON、ZEN和AFB1在新玉米中的污染状况差别较大,按《饲料卫生标准》判定的超标率分别为0.0%、0.4%和11.6%|最大检测值分别为2500、534 μg/kg和＞100 μg/kg。就产地而言,山西、内蒙古、东北、安徽、山东、河南、云南、陕西等地霉菌毒素污染较重。综上,与2019年及2020年玉米霉菌毒素污染调查数据相比,2020年底新玉米污染程度较重。
[关键词] 玉米|霉菌毒素|胶体金免疫层析法|上转发光免疫分析法|污染规律 相似文献
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Wada K Hashiba Y Ohtsuka H Kohiruimaki M Masui M Kawamura S Endo H Ogata Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):193-196
The effects of mycotoxins on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were added to cultures of PBMCs, and the proliferation responses were measured using MTT bioassays. Suppression of the proliferation of calf PBMCs by AFB(1) and DON was significantly stronger than that of cow PBMCs, whereas there were no differences in suppressive effects on PBMCs from Holstein and Japanese Black calves and cows. The suppressive effect was greatest in the order of DON, AFB(1) and ZEN, and the effects of DON and AFB(1) seemed to be dose-dependent. The results suggest that some mycotoxins directly suppress proliferation of bovine PBMCs. 相似文献
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Jutamart KONGKAPAN Saranya POAPOLATHEP Supaporn ISARIYODOM Susumu KUMAGAI Amnart POAPOLATHEP 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):259-264
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are typically present in grain and feed ingredients used for
animal feeds. An analytical method using LC-ESI-MS/MS was developed to quantify nine mycotoxins, consisting of
aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, T-2 toxin,
deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in broiler feeds. In total,
100 samples of broiler feeds were collected from poultry farms in Central Thailand. The survey found that
AFB1 and ZEA were the most prevalent mycotoxins in the feed samples at percentages of 93% and
63%, respectively. The limit of detections (LODs) of investigated mycotoxins was 0.20–0.78
ng/g. AFB2, DON, AFG1, NIV and T-2 toxin were also detectable at low
contamination levels with percentages of 20%, 9%, 7%, 5% and 1%, respectively, whereas OTA and AFG2
were not detected in any of the feed samples. These results suggest that there is a very low level of risk of
the exposure to mycotoxins in feeds obtained from broiler farms in Central Thailand. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究蒙脱石对采食天然黄曲霉素毒素B1(AFB1)污染花生粕型饲粮的肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响,确定蒙脱石作为霉菌吸附剂的饲用效果。选用288只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)健康公雏,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。正对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,负对照组饲粮用自然霉变花生粕(含AFB11 284.21μg/kg;前期、后期饲粮分别添加8.8%和12.0%)替代部分豆粕,试验组分别在负对照组饲粮中添加2.0 g/kg的天然或改性蒙脱石。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与正对照组相比,霉变花生粕显著降低了肉仔鸡平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、42日龄胸肌率和腿肌率以及血浆蛋白含量(P0.05),显著提高了料重比和免疫器官指数(P0.05)。2)与负对照组相比,天然或改性蒙脱石均显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG、ADFI及血浆蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低了免疫器官指数(P0.05)。3)与天然蒙脱石组相比,改性蒙脱石显著提高了肉仔鸡ADG及血浆总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低了胸腺指数(P0.05)。综上,AFB1污染的霉变花生粕能降低肉仔鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,蒙脱石能缓解AFB1引起的不良影响,改性蒙脱石作用效果更佳。 相似文献
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The contamination of cereal grains with toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, mycotoxins, is a permanent challenge in animal nutrition as health and performance of the animals may be compromised as well as the quality of animal derived food. Therefore the present article reviews the issue of mycotoxins in animal nutrition. As the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) are of particular importance under the production conditions in central Europe and Germany, with respect to their frequent occurrence in toxicologically relevant concentrations, special emphasis is layed on those mycotoxins. The effects of DON and ZON on susceptible animals as well as management strategies to cope with the contamination of grain with those toxins are reviewed. 相似文献