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对贮藏后期新鲜大蒜病原菌进行了分离、鉴定及控制研究,从发病的鲜蒜中分离出3种病原真菌,回接至健康鲜蒜,从接种后的发病鲜蒜上又分别重新分离得到相应病原真菌,并对纯化后的菌株进行不同臭氧浓度和不同臭氧处理时间条件的抑菌试验.结果表明:提取的菌株经分离鉴定确认为交链孢属(Alternaria)、产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、斜链拟青霉(Paecilomyces cateniobliquus Liang),根据发病情况确定交链孢属为主要致病菌,且病症与自然发病症状一致;0℃条件下,采用21.44 mg/m3臭氧处理大蒜12 h对交链孢霉感染发病起到较好的抑制效果. 相似文献
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杏贮藏过程中主要致病菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效控制杏果采后贮藏中的主要致病菌,对贮藏中腐烂小白杏果实上的病菌进行了分离与鉴定。分离并筛选得到了3种主要霉菌,经过形态结构鉴定和显微镜观察,确定为粉红单端孢霉（Trichothecium roseum）、链格孢霉（Alternaria alternata）和天门冬拟茎点霉（Phomopsis asparagi）。经过回接发现,该3种霉菌能使健康杏果致病,且病状与自然发病一致,从这些病斑中又分离得到了相同的霉菌,从而确定该3种霉菌为小白杏采后的主要致病菌。 相似文献
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甜樱桃果实采后致病菌的分离及定性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为深入研究危害采后甜樱桃果实的主要病原菌,以3个产地的甜樱桃果实为试材,对采后低温贮藏过程中甜樱桃的致病菌进行分离和鉴定,并对其在贮藏过程中的发展状况进行初步研究。结果表明：侵染甜樱桃果实的4个病原菌主要为子囊菌亚门子囊菌纲柔膜菌目链核盘菌属(Monilinia Honey)、炭疽病菌半知菌亚门黑盘孢目桃炭疽盘长孢菌(Gloeosporium laeticalor Berk.)、半知菌亚门丝孢纲丝孢目链格孢属(Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissl.)、半知菌亚门丛梗孢目葡萄孢属(Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.)。 相似文献
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为明确山东泰安本地蓝莓采后果实致腐菌及植物精油的抑菌效果,本研究从自然发病的蓝莓果实上分离致腐菌株,采用传统真菌形态学、rDNA-ITS序列分析,结合构建系统进化发育树进行鉴定,并通过体外熏蒸抑菌试验研究植物精油的抑菌效果。结果表明:经鉴定该病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum);6种植物精油对尖孢镰刀菌均有不同程度的抑菌活性,其中肉桂皮精油抑菌活性最强,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制中浓度(EC_(50))和最小抑制浓度(MIC)分别为0.025 7μL/mL和0.060μL/mL。研究结果可为山东地区蓝莓货架期真菌病害的预测和防控提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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为了明确发生于海南海口永兴镇的玉米小斑病的病原菌,本研究对玉米叶片发病部位进行了病原菌的分离鉴定。结果表明,8个病原菌分离株在PDA培养基上生长形态基本一致,通过对其中一个分离株HNBM011菌丝生长和孢子形态进行显微观察,以及ITS序列分析,发现该病原菌为玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢菌(Bipolaris maydis),与四川玉米小斑病病原菌分离株(Bipolaris maydis isolate) DY-5-2高度同源。回接实验进一步证实了HNBM011分离株为玉米小斑病病原菌。此外,通过对68种不同的玉米自交系接种HNBM011,筛选出一个高抗玉米自交系金博士825父本和一个高感自交系乐农79母本,这为将来克隆抗玉米小斑病基因,实现抗病育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以晚熟桃"映霜红"为试材,通过对桃果面、果蒂处带菌量分析,并进一步对病原真菌分离纯化,明确晚熟桃采后0℃贮藏过程中锈斑处的主要致病菌及其致病性。结果表明,晚熟桃锈斑病一般在采前出现浅褐色锈斑;新采收的晚熟桃果蒂锈斑处微生物总量为(4.50±0.05)lg(CFU·g~(-1)),显著高于果面处(3.51±0.03)lg(CFU·g~(-1))(P0.05);在果面和果蒂处共分离出8种真菌,其中病原真菌A-1的分离率最高,达43.8%,该菌有伤接种致病率达100%。结合病原菌的生长特性、显微镜下的形态特征和病原菌rDNA-ITS检测结果,病原菌A-1鉴定为半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)链孢霉目(Moniliales)黑霉科(Dematiaceae)链格孢属(Alternaria)链格孢(Alternaria alternata),该病原菌加剧了贮藏后期晚熟桃果蒂处褐腐病的发生。 相似文献
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为了提高板栗的贮藏保鲜效果,开发无公害的天然保鲜剂,以北京产板栗为试材,通过对板栗贮藏期间主要病害病原菌的多次分离、鉴定、接种,初步判断引起板栗贮藏病害的主要病原菌为松生厚星裂壳孢和可可毛球二孢,利用厚朴提取物洗果,可以减少板栗贮藏病害的发生,试验结果表明,在发病高峰时对照发病率为18.35%,利用厚朴提取物洗果的发病率为2.85%￣3.03%。 相似文献
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介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。 相似文献
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DENG Zhao-jing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(1):153-156
A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed. 相似文献
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香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
M. Auxiliadora Soriano Francisco Orgaz Francisco J. Villalobos Elías Fereres 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,21(4):465-476
Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha−1, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha−1, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha−1 for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment. 相似文献
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The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa. 相似文献
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Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel. 相似文献