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《现代渔业信息》2006,21(1)
HACCP基本概念本刊讯:HACCP是危害分析关键控制点(HazardAnalysisCriticalCon-trolPoint)的首字母缩写,它的基本定义是:鉴别、评价和控制对食品安全有重要危害的一种系统性管理制度,保证食品和饲料安全而对生产过程所实行的来前预防性控制体系,就是通过对食品和饲料加工关键环节实施有效监控,从而将安全卫生危害消除或降低至安全的水平。HACCP是一个预防体系,但不是零风险,是预防性的,而不是反映性的,它的特点是:预防策略,可有效减少损失。应用HACCP系统论方法全面控制生产过程,通过建立严格档案制度,使生产商、销售商、消费者、… 相似文献
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HACCP食品安全预防体系及其在水产养殖中的应用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
HACCP (HazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPoint,即危害分析与关键控制点 )监测系统 ,是一种建立在良好操作规范和卫生标准操作规程基础之上的控制危害的预防体系 ,是用来保护食品在整个生产过程中免受可能发生的生物、化学、物理因素危害的安全保证系统。其宗旨是将这些可能发生的食品安全危害消除在生产过程中 ,而不是靠最后的检验来保证产品的可靠性。HACCP体系最早出现在 2 0世纪六十年代 ,美国的Pillsbury公司在为美国太空计划提供食品期间 ,率先应用HACCP概念。他们认为现存的质量控制技术 ,在食品生产中不能提供充分的安全… 相似文献
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HACCP知识系列介绍 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
一个完整的食品安全预防控制体系即HACCP体系,它包括HACCP计划、良好卫生操作规范（GMP）和卫生标准操作程序即SSOP三个方面。GMP和SSOP是企业建立以及有效实施HACCP计划的基础条件。只有三者有机的结合在一起,才能构筑出完整的食品安全预防控制体系（HACCP）。如果抛开GMP和SSOP谈HACCP计划,HACCP计划只能成为空中楼阁;同样,只靠GMP和SSOP控制,也不能保证完全消除食品安全隐患,因为良好的卫生控制,并不能代替危害分析和关键控制点。 相似文献
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HACCP在水产业中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 HACCP体系的基本原理HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point即危害分析与关键控制点)计划，是目前世界上最有权威的食品安全质量保护体系——HACCP体系的核心，是用来保护食品在整个生产过程中免受可能发生的生物、化学、物理因素的危害。其宗旨是将这些可能发生的食品安全危害消除在生产过程中，而不是靠事后检验来保证产品的可靠性。HACCP体系最早出现在20世纪60年代，美国的Pillsbury公司在为美国太空计划提供食品期间，率先应用HACCP概念。他们认为现存的质量控制技术，在食品生产中不能提供充分的安全措施… 相似文献
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HACCP是英文Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point的缩写，即危害分析关键控制点。HACCP是为了生产安全卫生的食品而实施的一种先进、科学、简便、实用的预防性食品安全控制体系。这种体系是为保证在食品生产系统中任何可能出现危害或有危害危险的地方都得到控制，以防止危害公众健康的问题发生，因此，HACCP体系的推行已经成为当今食品行业安全质量管理不可逆转的发展趋势和必然要求。 相似文献
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饲料安全是畜产品安全的前提和保障,饲料生产企业如何才能生产出安全饲料呢?如何消除在生产过程中发生的安全隐患,有效地防止饲料安全问题的发生,最大限度地降低生产和销售不安全产品的风险?笔者就这些问题进行了分析探讨,提出了配合饲料生产过程中危害饲料安全的关键控制点及预防措施。 相似文献
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配合饲料生产过程中危害饲料安全的关键控制点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
饲料安全是畜产品安全的前提和保障，饲料生产企业如何才能生产出安全饲料呢？如何消除在生产过程中发生的安全隐患。有效地防止饲料安全问题的发生．最大限度地降低生产和销售不安全产品的风险？笔者就这些问题进行了分析探讨。提出了配合饲料生产过程中危害饲料安全的关键控制点及预防措施。 相似文献
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During the past 20 years there has been a dramatic global expansion in fish farming, with both positive and negative consequences. Although commercial aquaculture has contributed positively to the economies of many producing countries, there are considerable negative environmental and social impacts. In intensive and semi-intensive systems, artificial feeds supplemented with antibiotics are used to prevent the spread of disease and to improve feed conversion ratios. Current knowledge of the health and environmental impact of antibiotics used in aquaculture is poor, particularly in tropical regions. Residues may remain in fish used for human consumption and antibiotics released into the environment can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the food chain. The accumulation of waste feeds in ponds stimulates the growth of bacteria, including human pathogens, which can contaminate products and lead to foodborne disease and the rejection of products in export markets. In extensive systems, where fish are produced mainly for the domestic market, different food safety concerns exist. The consumption of aquatic plants and raw or partially cooked freshwater fish has been associated with foodborne trematode infections. These are a major public health problem in East and South East Asia and occur when products that are contaminated by the infective stages of the parasites are consumed. This paper reviews food safety hazards associated with products from aquaculture and proposes the application of principles of the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system as a general strategy to control the hazards identified. 相似文献
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在江西峡江和赣州进行了HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)体系在斑点叉尾(Ictaluruspunctatus)人工繁殖中的应用研究。应用HACCP的基本原理,对整个斑点叉尾人工繁殖过程进行危害分析,确立了亲鱼培育池的选择、亲鱼种质选择、亲鱼产卵池的选择、受精卵孵化、苗种培育、水质监测、饲料供应、日常管理等8个关键控制点,提出了相应的预防措施、关键限值、监控措施以及超过关键限值时的纠正措施,使各关键控制点处于人为控制之下。实现了斑点叉尾人工繁殖按无公害化、规范化、标准化生产。 相似文献
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日本鳀（Engraulis japonius）是一种离水极易腐败的小型中上层鱼类,广泛分布于中国的渤海、黄海和东海。文章利用危害分析和关键控制点（hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP）体系原理分析了海上加工船加工日本鳀鱼干的原料、加工工艺条件和贮藏运输等方面对产品可能带来的危害,指出了船上加工日本鳀鱼干生产过程的关键控制点,制定了HACCP工作计划表,提出了日本鳀鱼干加工中原料及各加工工序的危害因素、卫生操作程序、监控测定方法和纠偏措施,构建了船上加工日本鳀鱼干生产的HACCP质量安全管理体系模式。 相似文献
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van de Vis JW Poelman M Lambooij E Bégout ML Pilarczyk M 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(1):243-257
The objective was to take a first step in the development of a process-oriented quality assurance (QA) system for monitoring
and safeguarding of fish welfare at a company level. A process-oriented approach is focused on preventing hazards and involves
establishment of critical steps in a process that requires careful control. The seven principles of the Hazard Analysis Critical
Control Points (HACCP) concept were used as a framework to establish the QA system. HACCP is an internationally agreed approach
for management of food safety, which was adapted for the purpose of safeguarding and monitoring the welfare of farmed fish.
As the main focus of this QA system is farmed fish welfare assurance at a company level, it was named Fish Welfare Assurance
System (FWAS). In this paper we present the initial steps of setting up FWAS for on growing of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), carp (Cyprinus carpio) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Four major hazards were selected, which were fish species dependent. Critical Control Points (CCPs) that need to be controlled
to minimize or avoid the four hazards are presented. For FWAS, monitoring of CCPs at a farm level is essential. For monitoring
purposes, Operational Welfare Indicators (OWIs) are needed to establish whether critical biotic, abiotic, managerial and environmental
factors are controlled. For the OWIs we present critical limits/target values. A critical limit is the maximum or minimum
value to which a factor must be controlled at a critical control point to prevent, eliminate or reduce a hazard to an acceptable
level. For managerial factors target levels are more appropriate than critical limits. Regarding the international trade of
farmed fish products, we propose that FWAS needs to be standardized in aquaculture chains. For this standardization a consensus
on the concept of fish welfare, methods to assess welfare objectively and knowledge on the needs of farmed fish are required. 相似文献
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对虾养殖现状、发展趋势与对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对我国当前对虾养殖存在的许多危及产业持续发展的因素进行分析:如盲目追求高产、技术混乱、种苗质量差、超密度养殖、病害流行、滥用药物、环境污染、造成公害、养殖产品不符合卫生标准等问题。文章指出,当前对虾养殖无论采用哪种养殖模式,都要面对现实,必须进行无公害健康养殖,这是今后水产养殖业的唯一出路,是发展的趋势。阐述无公害健康养殖的要领以及与HACCP的管理体系;特别在整个养殖系统工程,针对种苗,水质环境、饵料、肥料、药物的有关规定,提倡循环水生态精养模式,地膜防渗过滤海水精养模式,零污染养殖模式,并对当前对虾无公害健康养殖管理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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针对传统海产亲虾饵料易感染或携带与对虾共患病毒,给育种和苗种繁育工作带来巨大生物安全隐患的问题,以淡水品种水丝蚓作为替代饵料进行南美白对虾亲虾催熟试验,并以卵黄蛋白原基因的表达水平变化验证饵料的催熟效果。设水丝蚓、水丝蚓组合饵料、商业亲虾饲料及传统沙蚕组合饵料等4个饵料组合,分别投喂南美白对虾后备亲虾,测定繁殖性能相关参数,并通过荧光定量PCR技术对各亲虾肝胰腺和卵巢中VTG的表达水平的变化进行了追踪研究。结果显示,水丝蚓组的性腺增重最高,达1 475%,连续产卵率最大,平均为72.08%,与传统沙蚕组合饵料组无显著差异性(P0.05)。南美白对虾肝胰腺和卵巢组织中均存在VTG mRNA,在肝胰腺和卵巢中均呈先上升后下降的表达模式;VTG mRNA的表达量能够一定程度上反映对虾的繁殖性能,有希望发展成为亲虾繁殖性能选育指标;水丝蚓在促进亲虾性腺发育方面效果较传统沙蚕饵料组合好,在改善亲虾产卵效果方面基本与沙蚕组合相当,可作为沙蚕替代饵料用于南美白对虾的亲虾强化培育和催熟。 相似文献
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Yan Wang Ling-Jun Kong Dominique P. Bureau 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1307-1313
The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal (SBM) in practical feeds for cuneate drum was evaluated in an 8-week net pen trial. The cuneate drum fingerlings (initial body weight 29.8 ± 1.3 g fish− 1) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric feeds containing 39% digestible protein and 16 MJ kg− 1 digestible energy. The control feed was formulated to contain 40% herring meal, whereas in the other five feeds SBM was included at 11.3, 22.5, 33.8, 45.0 and 56.3% to replace 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences in feed intake between fish fed the control feed and feeds in which SBM replaced 20 to 80% of the fish meal, but fish fed the fish meal free feed had higher feed intake than the other treatments. Weight gain linearly declined with the decrease of fish meal level. Final body weight (FBW) of fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 20% of the fish meal did not significantly differ from fish fed the control feed. Replacing 40 to 100% of the fish meal resulted in lower FBW and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those of fish fed the control feed. Fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 60 to 100% of the fish meal had lower condition factor and hepatosomatic index than those of fish fed the control feed. No significant differences in carcass protein content was found among the treatments, but fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 60 to 100% of the fish meal had higher moisture and lower lipid content in carcass than those of fish fed the control feed. Results of the present study appear to indicate that cuneate drum has a limited ability to utilize SBM as a protein source in practical feeds. 相似文献
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船载南极磷虾智能化捕捞加工生产线在食品安全体系中的特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在近年来快速发展的南极磷虾产业中,南极磷虾捕捞加工船上的捕捞加工生产是其产业链中的一个重要环节。由于南极磷虾的生物特性,船载捕捞加工线直接影响产品质量,进而影响后端陆基深加工产品的质量等级。以“深蓝”号南极磷虾捕捞加工船智能化捕捞加工的冻虾、虾肉和虾粉3种磷虾产品生产线为研究对象,比较其与传统船载加工的差异,基于HACCP体系对3条生产线的工艺流程进行分解和危害分析,并确定关键控制点;通过初步建立控制体系的过程,研究船载南极磷虾捕捞加工生产线在体系中的特征。研究表明,捕捞加工系统由于自动化、整体连贯性和封闭性较高,减少了人为和环境危害概率,关键控制点更为清晰,所有外部输入环节、控制系统参数设置和金属探测都为关键控制点,并对GMP和SSOP的实施要求更为严格,对设备的维护保养和日常清洁要求更高。分析结果可为其他同类船舶的船载加工线设计和建立标准提供参考。 相似文献