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甘蔗是重要的糖料作物和能源作物，开展甘蔗种质资源的营养品质评价，可系统地了解甘蔗种质的营养价值，为甘蔗种质资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。以100份甘蔗种质为材料，通过分析蔗汁中的蔗糖、还原糖、总游离氨基酸、多酚、矿物质、蛋白质等14个营养指标，利用SPSS软件进行营养品质性状的主成分和系统聚类分析。结果表明：100份甘蔗种质营养成分存在差异，部分营养成分之间存在显著相关关系，蔗糖分与还原糖分、蛋白质、总游离氨基酸、果糖、葡萄糖含量呈极显著负相关，蛋白质与总游离氨基酸、总多酚含量呈显著正相关，果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量与磷（P）含量呈极显著正相关，矿物质元素之间，钙（Ca）含量与铁（Fe）含量、Fe含量与铜（Cu）含量之间呈正相关；影响甘蔗种质营养品质的主要因子为还原糖因子、蛋白质因子、蔗糖因子、Ca含量因子和钾（K）含量因子，上述公因子对甘蔗营养品质综合评价的累计方差贡献率达69.62%。系统聚类分析表明，100份甘蔗种质的营养品质在欧式距离18.5处可分为5个类群，第Ⅰ类群包含77份种质，该类群蔗糖含量最高；第Ⅱ类群包含6份种质，Ca、Fe含量较高；第Ⅲ类群包含2份种质，该类... 相似文献
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为对大豆种质资源的油脂品质进行综合评价,从中筛选出综合品质表现优异的大豆品种,本研究以173份大豆种质为试验材料,利用近红外光谱分析法结合气相色谱法对大豆的脂肪酸及粗脂肪含量进行测定,利用主成分分析法和系统聚类分析法对173份大豆种质进行划分,并建立大豆油脂品质综合评价的模型。结果表明：参试大豆种质的品质性状间差异较大;性状间相关性分析结果显示大豆饱和脂肪酸即棕榈酸和硬脂酸分别与油酸含量呈极显著负相关;与多不饱和脂肪酸即亚油酸与亚麻酸均呈极显著正相关,大豆粗脂肪含量与油酸、亚油酸相关性最大,其中与油酸呈极显著正相关,而与亚油酸呈极显著负相关。利用主成分分析法确立了2个主成分,建立了大豆油脂品质综合评价的模型,并评价出最优的大豆品种依次为多马卡-托里萨、中兴1号、冀豆3号、高丰1号和商豆1201。最后利用系统聚类分析法将173份大豆种质划分为5个类群,其中第Ⅲ类群表现较突出,具体表现为棕榈酸含量最高,油酸含量最低,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量最高,同时油脂品质的综合表现最好。本研究结果可为获得优良油脂品质的大豆品种提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为深入了解花生油脂含量及脂肪酸组分的遗传特性,给花生品质育种和油脂改良提供理论依据,本研究选用227份花生资源(育成品种和地方品种)组成自然群体为试材,采用变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法,对花生9个主要油脂性状(油脂含量及油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山嵛酸、木质素酸含量、油亚比)进行多元统计分析,以揭示油脂性状之间的关联,明确提升油脂品质的关键因素。结果表明,油亚比变异系数最大,为73.66%,硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸的变异系数较大,指标值分别为22.06%、20.86%和20.77%,品种间存在丰富的变异类型;其他性状的变异系数为3.96%～14.83%,遗传特性相对稳定。亚油酸与棕榈酸、花生酸与硬脂酸、油酸与油亚比、山嵛酸与木质素酸呈极显著正相关,油酸与棕榈酸、油酸与亚油酸、棕榈酸与油亚比、亚油酸与油亚比呈极显著负相关。9个油脂性状可综合成3个主成分因子,即高油酸因子、饱和脂肪酸因子和粗脂肪因子,这三个因子包含了种质86.25%的信息。227份种质可聚类为3大类群：第一类的油酸、木质素酸含量和油亚比在三个类群中最高,第二类的山嵛酸和棕榈酸含量较高,第三类的花... 相似文献
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胡麻种质资源主要品质性状的分析与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了充分利用胡麻种质资源,促进胡麻品质育种,对国内外280份胡麻种质资源的主要品质性状进行了测定分析。结果表明：(1) 280份资源的粗脂肪平均含量38.3%,变幅为35.12%～45.27%,变异系数最小（3.22%）;木酚素平均含量3.45 mg/g,变幅1.08～7.24 mg/g,变异系数最大（30.88%）;亚麻酸含量平均48.03%,变幅35.62%～57.82%,变异系数为7.07%。(2) 相关分析显示,粗脂肪含量与油酸含量极显著负相关,与硬脂酸含量负相关,与其他性状正相关;木酚素含量与亚油酸含量极显著正相关,与棕榈酸含量正相关,与硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸含量负相关;亚麻酸含量与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量显著负相关。(3) 主成分分析将主要品质性状聚为4个主成分,油酸因子、亚油酸因子,木酚素因子和粗脂肪因子。(4) 系统聚类分析在欧氏距离D=42.8水平上聚为5大类群,第Ⅰ类粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量比较高;第Ⅱ类木酚素和亚油酸含量比较高;第Ⅲ类棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量比较高;第Ⅳ类油酸含量比较高;第Ⅴ类亚油酸含量比较低。以上分析可为胡麻种质资源利用和品质育种提供依据。 相似文献
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根据目标性状有的放矢的选配杂交亲本是提高优异品质组成品种的选择效率的基本前提。本研究对东北三省102份大豆种质资源的蛋白、氨基酸组分、油份及脂肪酸组分进行测定,通过遗传多样性、主成分和聚类分析,对其进行表型鉴定及基因型分类以综合评价种质品质特性。结果表明:东北三省大豆种质油份及脂肪酸组分变异较丰富,遗传多样性程度较高。根据主成分分析筛选到9个主成分进行聚类分析,通过聚类分析将供试种质资源分为5类。第I类群蛋白含量较高、油份含量偏低,第II类群蛋白、油份含量均居中,第III类群油份含量较高、蛋白含量偏低,第IV类群高油,第V类群高蛋白,类群间的氨基酸、脂肪酸组分各有差异。需根据育种目标在群体间选配亲本,以提高品质育种的效率。 相似文献
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针对海南省的92份鹧鸪茶种质为材料,采用主成分分析和聚类分析,对水浸出物、茶多酚含量、游离氨基酸含量、咖啡碱含量和氨酚比等5个主要品质性状进行多样性分析。结果表明,鹧鸪茶种质资源主要品质性状的遗传变异丰富。游离氨基含量的多样性指数最高,其次是茶多酚含量;咖啡碱含量的变异系数最大,其次是氨酚比。主成分分析表明,前2个主成分累计贡献率达77.70%,能够反映5个品质性状的大部分信息。基于各种质在5个品质性状上的差异,对92份鹧鸪茶种质进行聚类分析,发现第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类3个类群,第Ⅲ类群综合表现最好,抗氧化的保健功效突出,且咖啡碱含量最低,可作为良好的育种材料。本研究结果可为鹧鸪茶的开发利用以及优良无性品系选育提供科学依据。 相似文献
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西藏地区青稞籽粒营养品质分析及评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明西藏地区青稞品种间的性状差异及性状间的相关性,筛选优异品质青稞种质,以251个西藏青稞种质资源为材料,测定了籽粒淀粉、粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、大量元素（Ca、P）、微量元素（Fe、Zn、Se）含量共9个品质指标,分析了被测指标间关系。结果表明,所测定的9项品质指标在供试种质资源间均存在不同程度的差异,淀粉含量的变异系数最小,Se含量的变异系数最大;粗蛋白与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关（r= -0.54）,粗蛋白与γ-氨基丁酸、Ca、P、Zn、Fe含量均呈极显著正相关。对被测指标进行主成分分析发现,可将9项品质指标简化成3个主成分,其累积方差贡献率为74.5%,其中第一主成分因子的贡献率达到了 48.0%,第一主成分中因子载荷量大的品质指标是Zn、P、Ca、粗蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、淀粉、Fe含量。综合评价筛选出10个营养品质较高的种质,分别为BJX152、BJX008、BJX149、BJX004、BJX003、BJX015、BJX005、藏青2000、BJX227、喜马拉22号。 相似文献
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花生种质资源的综合评价 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
对５７００份花生种质资源的植物学性状和经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状进行了鉴定评价,筛选出高抗锈病种质９２份,高抗早斑病种质７７份,高抗晚斑病种质５３份,高抗根结线虫资源３份,高抗青枯病资源１０２份,抗锈病兼抗早斑病资源５８份,抗锈病兼抗晚斑病资源４９份,抗锈病兼抗早、晚斑病资源４５份,抗青枯病兼抗根结线虫资源２份,抗青枯病兼抗锈病资源１份。蛋白质含量达３４％以上的３３份,含油量达５８％以上的２４份,油酸含量达６７％以上的１８份,亚油酸含量达４７％以上的１５份。不同类型不同来源的花生品种的植物学性状、经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状均有显著差异。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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M. D. Harrison Gestur Johnson R. D. Barmington 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(10):386-393
A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly. 相似文献
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P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献