共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
试验采用胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步法和β-淀粉酶法分别测定饲料蛋白质体外消化率和淀粉糊化度,探讨了膨化工艺参数对二者的影响。结果表明：物料水分含量、喂料速度、螺杆转速和机筒温度的适度增加都使淀粉糊化度、蛋白质体外消化率增大;机筒温度过高反而使蛋白质体外消化率减小。适宜的膨化条件为：调质后水分26%-30%,喂料速度30-60 r/min,螺杆转速150-250 r/min,机筒温度120-135℃。在此条件下,饲料的淀粉糊化度为90%-92%,蛋白质体外消化率为90%-92%。 相似文献
4.
鱼肉蛋白质热塑挤压组织化中过程参数的优化模型 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
挤压蒸煮处理可以改变鱼肉蛋白质的功能特性,这些改变与挤压机的操作参数是密不可分的。利用响应面分析方法讲究Clextral BC-45型双轴挤出蒸煮机的操作参数对鱼肉蛋白质进行热塑挤压组织化的影响。研究的3个操作参数分别是末段腔体温度,螺杆转速和喂料湿度,每一个变量设5个水平。测量作为组织化产物功能特性的持水性指数及质构特性,分别建立持水性与操作参数,质构特性与操作参数的回归拟合方程。研究结果表明喂料湿度、螺杆转速和腔体温度对挤出物质构的影响是不同的;持水性与操作参数,质构特性与操作参数的回归拟合力方程的相关系数R^2分别是1.000和0.933,拟合的统计模型可信度高。 相似文献
5.
在(25±1)℃水温下,以鱼肉、猪肉和配合饲料3种食物投喂平胸龟(Platysternon megacephalum)幼体,测定食物类型对其摄食、消化及饵料湿重转化率的影响。结果显示:食物种类不影响平胸龟幼体的摄入能,平均为139.3 J/(d.g),但显著影响幼龟的表观消化率、蛋白质和脂肪消化率以及饵料湿重转化率。其中,摄食配合饲料的表观消化率(91.9%)低于鱼肉(94.1%)和猪肉(94.7%),蛋白质消化率亦为配合饲料<鱼肉<猪肉,但配合饲料的脂肪消化率和饵料湿重转化率则显著高于鱼肉和猪肉。因此,从饵料湿重转化率及养殖效益考虑,配合饲料优于鱼肉和猪肉。 相似文献
6.
7.
试验以Cr2O3为指示物，测定草鱼对进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉、蟹粉、肉粉、肠衣粉、酵母、菜饼、黄菜饼、黑菜饼、双低菜仔粕、豆粕、膨化大豆、芝麻饼、棉粕、玉米胚芽饼、玉米蛋白粉和酒糟粉17种试验原料中粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率。试验饲料由基础饲料和试验原料以70：30的比例（质量比）混合挤压成硬颗粒饲料。结果表明，草鱼对鱼粉、菜籽饼籽、豆粕和膨化大豆等质量好的蛋白饲料的表观消化率较高、其干物质、脂肪和蛋白质的表观消化率均在80％以上；草鱼对酵母、菜籽饼粕、豆粕和膨化大豆等饲料的干物质、脂肪和蛋白质的表观消化率均与鱼粉一致。 相似文献
8.
鱼肉蛋白质在双轴湿挤压过程中系统运行稳定性的拟合模型 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
利用Clexutral BC-45型双轴挤出蒸煮机对鱼肉蛋白质进行湿挤压蒸煮处理,研究挤压蒸煮操作的过程参数对挤压机系统运行稳定性的影响。主要研究的3个操作参数分别是末段腔体温度,螺杆转速以及喂料湿度。采用可旋转中心复合设计,每一个变量设5个水平。运行电流为目标函数,记录每个运行过程中相应的电流读数。研究结果用响应面分析方法进行分析,得到响应曲面和等高线。建立回归拟合方程。结果表明,螺杆转速和喂料湿度对挤压机系统运行均有影响,提高螺杆转速和喂料湿度都会降低系统运行电流。在本实验范围内的腔体温度对系统运行的影响不明显。系统运行电流对所研究的3个操作参数的回归拟合方程的相关系数R^2=0．992,拟合的统计模型具有很高的可信度。 相似文献
9.
10.
本文就六种陆生植物饲料(一年生黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、燕麦、红三叶、苦荬菜和聚合草)的营养成分及草鱼对它们的消化率和利用率,草鱼的生长及鱼肉的品质进行了比较研究。一年生黑麦草,多年生黑麦草和苦荬菜为草鱼适口的饲料,其蛋白质消耗分别为77.45％、76.79％和78.20％,饲料系数分别为28.69、32.81和26.30。鱼肉中粗蛋白质的含量也以食一年生黑麦草(83.40％)、多年生黑麦草(88.07％)者为最高,食聚合草者最低(75.92％) 相似文献
11.
鱼肉蛋白质挤压过程中操作参数对挤出物水分含量及堆积密度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了鱼肉蛋白质在双轴挤压蒸煮处理过程中,主要操作参数末段腔体温度,螺杆转速和供料水分含量对挤出物的水分含量和堆积密度两个物理性质的影响。研究的3个操作参数每一个变量设5个水平,测量相应挤出产物的水分含量和堆积密度,分别建立挤出物水分含量与操作参数,挤出物堆积密度与操作参数的回归拟合方程。结果表明,供料湿度明显影响挤出物的水分含量。供料水分含量、腔体温度和螺杆转速对挤出物的堆积密度都有影响;水分含量与操作参数,堆积密度与操作参数的回归拟合方程的相关系数R2分别是1.000和0.926,拟合的统计模型可信度高。 相似文献
12.
《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3-4):65-89
Underutilized fish tissue alone or in combination with cereal grain flours can be processed by high-temperature-short-time (HTST) plasticating extruders to produce shelf-stable, texturized food products with a range of rheological and nutritional properties. This study has provided guidance for: (I) The design of processes for (a) expanded snack foods to be eaten from the hand with protein contents of 10 to 30%, and (b) meat extenders, or substitutes, with protein contents of 50 to 90%; and (II) The evaluation of the effects of independently controlled variables (feed composition and extruder operating parameters) on product characteristics. The primary purpose was to generate information to guide the prediction of extrudate properties from known extrusion system parameters and to determine optimal sets of extrusion conditions for given types of products. 相似文献
13.
M. Bassompierre T. Børresen P. Sandfeld B. Rønsholdt W. Zimmermann & E. McLean 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1997,3(3):153-159
The availability of a rapid, cost-effective, accurate and reliable method of assessing fish meal protein digestibility would greatly enhance and standardize quality-control procedures in both the fish meal and fish feed industries. However, while several in vitro digestibility tests have been developed, few have been adopted by industry due to their time-consuming nature, problems surrounding reliability and/or inconsistencies in predictive ability. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the utility and predictive qualities of two in vitro digestion assays of distinct design. Methods examined included a novel open system, wherein on-line removal of digestion products was attainable, and a closed system, which permitted analysis of products following completion of the digestion process. Results provided by the two systems were compared using four differentially processed fish meals. The open system supplied information based upon the detected quantity of products below 10 kDa. The closed system provided measurement of free amino groups. Both methods were in agreement with respect to assessing the presence of hydrolysed product. Both systems furnished complementary data with respect to the characterization of fish meal protein quality. The closed and open systems provided insight upon digestibility and digestion kinetic profiles respectively. 相似文献
14.
Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Z.J. Chu D.H. Yu Y.C. Yuan Y. Qiao W.J. Cai H. Shu Y.C. Lin 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):425-432
Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets. 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of barley protein concentrate and fish protein concentrate,made from trimmings,as sustainable ingredients in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) feeds 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J.G. Bell F. Strachan W.J. Roy C. Matthew P. McDonald F.T. Barrows M. Sprague 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(2):326-334
Barley protein concentrate (BPC) was tested as a protein source in the diets of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts. Fish were fed one of four experimental diets consisting of a fish meal/soya protein concentrate control (CT) along with two feeds supplemented with increasing levels of BPC replacing the more costly SPC. A fourth diet partially replaced FM in the high BPC diet with a liquid fish protein concentrate (FPC) made from fish trimmings. No significant differences were observed in terms of growth at the end of the 12‐week feeding period, although the protein efficiency ratio (g gain g?1 protein consumed) was significantly lower for the control compared to fish fed diets containing either BPC only or FPC and BPC. This suggests that diets containing BPC had a beneficial effect when compared to the control diet. Furthermore, the lack of any detriment to fish growth in diets containing BPC suggests there are no significant issues regarding any negative effects of potential antinutritional factors which can otherwise be the case with other plant origin products. The data presented in this study indicate that BPC and FPC are products which could be of benefit to salmon culture, and related species, in providing a valuable new raw material to the industry. 相似文献
16.
T. Gibson Gaylord Frederic T. Barrows Steven D. Rawles 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(6):827-834
Abstract.— The current experiment was performed to determine apparent protein and energy digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients by the fecal stripping technique using extruded diets. The ingredients tested included five fish meals, three terrestrial animal by‐products, five plant protein concentrates, four plant meals, and seven low‐protein plant ingredients. Protein digestibility differed among fish meals and ranged from 90% for fair and average quality menhaden meal to 97% for anchovy meal. Protein apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) in plant concentrates ranged from a low of 89% for rice protein concentrate to a high of 100% for wheat gluten meal. Apparent protein digestibility was lower in plant meals than fish meals with a low of 70% for flaxseed meal to a high of 89% for soybean meal. Low‐protein plant meals had generally lower protein ADC from 64% for rice bran to 85% for whole wheat. A similar pattern for energy ADCs was observed; ADCs ranged from 106% for anchovy meal to 32% for whole wheat. In the current trial, divergent protein and energy ADC values were obtained most notably in ingredients known to be high in fiber or have very high starch content. The comparability of ingredients/diets processed by cold pelleting or extrusion thus appears questionable at this juncture. 相似文献
17.
Effect of extrusion processing on the nutritive value of canola meal for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in seawater 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study was conducted to evaluate three canola protein products as partial replacements of steam-dried whole herring meal (HM) in a practical diet for juvenile chinook salmon in seawater. Groups of 30–40 g chinook salmon held in 9.5–12°C seawater on a natural photoperiod were fed one of seven equivalent protein (390 g kg−1 ) and isoenergetic (20 MJ gross energy kg−1 ) diets to satiation. Each of three test protein sources, namely, commercial canola meal (CM), low-temperature extruded CM (90°C; LT), and high-temperature extruded CM (150°C; HT) comprised about 120 and 240 g kg−1 of dietary protein by replacement of 15 and 30%, respectively, of the HM protein in the control diet. Chinook salmon growth and feed intake were markedly depressed by replacing HM protein with a high level of CM, but these responses were not lowered by replacement with LT and HT. The phytic acid content in commercial canola meal was reduced by about 10 and 30% from the original level by extrusion cooking at low (90°C) and high (150°C) temperature, respectively. Therefore, the diets containing HT still had significant amounts of phytic acid. Terminal whole-body zinc contents were inversely related to the dietary levels of the different canola protein products. Thyroid function was altered by CM but this effect was offset by heat treatment. The results suggest that extrusion cooking of CM improves its nutritive value for chinook salmon in seawater. Indeed, it was found that HT could comprise 240 g kg−1 of the dietary protein without adversely affecting performance. 相似文献
18.
In this study, feeding experiment and subsequent digestibility trial were performed to investigate the utilization of extruded soybean meal (SBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) as feed ingredients for juvenile rainbow trout. Plant ingredients have undergone extrusion at low temperature (100°C, LT) or high temperature (150°C, HT) for 30 s. Four isonitrogenous (44%, crude protein) and isolipidic (14%, crude lipid) diets were formulated. Control diet is fishmeal based while a combined (1:1) non‐extruded SBM and CGM for NE diet, LT SBM and LT CGM for LT diet and HT SBM and HT CGM for HT diet. Two hundred forty rainbow trout juveniles (7.8 g average body weight) were randomly divided into 12 rectangular 60 L glass aquaria and offered four different diets in triplicate. Fish were fed at satiation twice a day, six days a week for 12 weeks. Phosphorus in phytic acid level of extruded ingredients decreased through extrusion cooking. Final weight, weight gain, SGR and PER of fish fed HT diet were significantly (p < .05) higher than those fed with NE diet. Apparent digestibility coefficient for protein of LT and HT diets is significantly higher than of NE diet. The results of this study demonstrated that HT extruded SBM and CGM are suitable feed ingredients for rainbow trout diet without compromising fish growth, feed utilization and fish body composition. 相似文献
19.
运用栅栏技术,合理设置栅栏因子,通过栅栏因子间交互作用,形成有效的防止食品腐败变质的栅栏,研发出感官、品质良好的中间水分组织化模拟食品。采用二次旋转组合试验设计方法进行试验设计,以山梨糖醇、蔗糖和食醋为栅栏因子调节参数,以产品最大剪切力为响应参数,建立3个调节参数与产品最大剪切力的回归拟合方程,同时分析感官评定值咀嚼感与仪器测定值最大剪切力之间相关性。研究结果表明,山梨糖醇、蔗糖和食醋对产品最大剪切力显示出不同影响趋势,拟合方程相关系数r2=0.8504,拟合模型具有较高的可信度;感官评定值咀嚼感与仪器测定值最大剪切力之间存在极显著的线性相关关系,可以用仪器测定值最大剪切力来判断感官评定值咀嚼感。 相似文献