共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
通过Snef1216发酵液处理番茄根系和包衣种子,研究番茄抗南方根结线虫的组织病理学变化和作用方式。结果显示:处理番茄根系且接种15 d,应答根系内根结线虫的数量减少47.5%,且巨细胞出现空泡;包衣番茄种子,接种4、8和12 d,根系内2龄幼虫分别减少54.1%、3.4%和41.7%,接种10、20和30 d,根系内2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫和雌虫的数量也均比对照组番茄明显减少。表明Snef1216发酵液诱导了番茄对南方根结线虫的抗性。 相似文献
2.
近年来, 小麦孢囊线虫病已成为我国小麦生产上的重要病害之一。掌握病原线虫的侵染动态是病害防控基础。本文在田间条件下, 对两种孢囊线虫—禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和菲利普孢囊线虫(H.filipjevi)在河南郑州的侵染动态进行了比较研究, 结果显示:小麦出苗后2周即可发现孢囊线虫的二龄幼虫侵入到小麦根内, 4周后少量二龄幼虫发育为三龄, 6周后根内幼虫数量达到第一次高峰, 同时发现少量四龄幼虫。小麦出苗60 d后, 由于温度较低, 根内各虫态数量基本维持稳定;在120 d后, 温度逐渐回升, 根内二龄幼虫数量逐渐增加, 幼虫数量的第二次高峰出现在小麦出苗后150 d左右, 但入侵幼虫数量明显少于第一次。此后根内幼虫陆续发育为白雌虫和孢囊, 白雌虫数量高峰出现在小麦出苗后180 d后。H.filipjevi三龄、四龄幼虫及白雌虫出现的时间均比H.avenae的早一周。 相似文献
3.
为了明确高抗品种‘华麦1号’的抗禾谷孢囊线虫机制,以Pluronic F-127胶体为介质,比较了禾谷孢囊线虫2龄幼虫(J2)侵入根系前对抗病品种‘华麦1号’与感病品种‘豫麦34’和‘矮抗58’的根尖趋性差异,并采用室内人工接种法观察了线虫侵入3个品种后的发育进程。结果表明,J2对3个品种的根尖均表现明显的趋性,对‘矮抗58’的趋性最强,而对‘华麦1号’的最弱,接种4h和6h时‘华麦1号’与‘矮抗58’根尖吸引的线虫总量差异显著(P0.05);组织染色观察到J2对3个品种的根系均有一定数量的侵入,但高抗品种‘华麦1号’根系侵入的幼虫量和后期形成的白雌虫量均显著低于感病品种‘豫麦34’和‘矮抗58’。结果证实,‘华麦1号’的抗性机制主要表现为减少线虫的有效侵入量、抑制侵入后的线虫生长发育。 相似文献
4.
在对大豆、烟草与地黄寄主上14 个大豆孢囊线虫（SCN）种群形态与分子鉴定的基础上, 对雌虫的孢囊和阴门锥进行形态观察和测计。结果表明：烟草SCN和大豆SCN的各测量值之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）, 地黄SCN的阴门窗长（43.8μm）和宽（33.9μm）显著小于其他两者（P＜0.05）; 同一寄主不同SCN种群之间的形态也存在一定差异; 阴门裂长和下桥长具有稳定性, 可以作为鉴定大豆孢囊线虫可靠的形态特征。3 种寄主种群侵染大豆（‘荷豆12号’）的试验表明, 大豆SCN能侵染大豆并能形成雌虫, 而烟草SCN和地黄SCN未能侵染大豆和形成雌虫。本研究结果表明SCN不同寄主种群存在形态变异, 而它们对大豆的寄主适应性也不相同。 相似文献
5.
为明确琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类(SDHI)杀线剂氟吡菌酰胺对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的作用效果,在室内盆栽条件下研究不同剂量、不同施药时期该药剂对线虫侵入、根结和雌虫数量以及产卵量的影响。结果显示:在黄瓜幼苗移栽前进行土壤处理,氟吡菌酰胺施用剂量为31.25μg/株时,每株2龄幼虫侵染数量和根结数量分别为11.3条和6.4个,相比对照处理显著减少;在接种南方根结线虫后0～11 d,以施药量为125μg/株的氟吡菌酰胺进行灌根时,可大幅减少根结数量,每株根结数量减少至12.8～22.5个,同时,施药后根系内未见成熟雌虫产生;在接种后15 d,以施药量为250μg/株的氟吡菌酰胺进行灌根时,可大幅减少根内成熟雌虫数量,每株雌虫数量减少至16.9条;接种后20 d施药,施药量为500μg/株时可大幅减少根部产生的根结线虫卵块数量,每株卵块数量减少至18.9个。表明氟吡菌酰胺能抑制土壤内线虫对黄瓜根系的侵染并抑制根内线虫发育,但随着施药时间的推迟,防治已侵入根系的线虫需增加施药剂量,在生产上使用氟吡菌酰胺防治根结线虫病应在作物移栽前或线虫侵染早期施药效果更好。 相似文献
6.
7.
燕麦孢囊线虫在河北冬麦区的种群动态 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确河北省燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae在自然环境下的侵染与发育特点,于2009-2012年分别采用漂浮法、浅盘法和酸性品红染色法在3个不同区域对土壤中孢囊和2龄幼虫(J2)以及根系内线虫进行了系统调查,并对孢囊内卵的发育动态进行检测.在土壤中除6月上中旬未检测到J2外,周年均分离到J2.冬前J2出现小高峰,种群密度为12.3 ～18.6条/100mL土样;在4月上中旬J2大量发生,种群密度为52 ～ 65条/100 mL土样.冬前J2侵入小麦后能够发育至3龄幼虫,3龄幼虫发生高峰在4月下旬至5月上旬,4龄幼虫的发生高峰在5月中下旬,白雌虫形成高峰期在5月下旬,且1年后孢囊内卵孵化率达到86.5％.研究表明,燕麦孢囊线虫在河北省小麦上1年发生1代,关键侵染期在3月下旬至4月中旬. 相似文献
8.
北京地区小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病发生动态调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病是小麦生产上的重要病害.2010-2011年对北京地区小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的发生规律进行了定期定点调查.结果表明,禾谷孢囊线虫在北京地区全年只发生1代,夏季滞育,卵孵化高峰为4月初;2龄幼虫侵染高峰为4月上旬,3龄幼虫发育高峰为4月下旬至5月初,4龄幼虫发育高峰为5月上旬,白雌虫发育高峰为5月下旬至6月上旬,10月份播种后部分2龄幼虫就可以发生侵染并且冬前发育至3龄幼虫.本研究结果可为北京地区禾谷孢囊线虫的防治提供理论依据. 相似文献
9.
中国小黑豆抗源对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种抗性机制的研究Ⅰ.抗源品种对大豆孢囊线虫侵染和发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以鲁豆1号作感病对照,通过接种相同数量的卵和二龄幼虫并采用切顶水培技术研究我国筛选出的两个小黑豆抗源:灰皮支黑豆和元钵黑豆对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种侵染和发育的影响。结果表明,接种后24 h侵入大豆抗感品种根内的二龄幼虫数十分接近,差异不显著;接种后水培15~17 d,抗病品种根内的二、三龄幼虫数无论是单株平均值,还是所占百分数均极显著高于感病对照,而四龄幼虫、雌成虫和总成虫数正好与此相反。感病对照鲁豆1号根上二龄、三龄、四龄、雌成虫和总成虫数所占百分数为4.40%、10.20%、24.95%、29.35%和60.45%,而元钵黑豆和灰皮支黑豆根上各龄线虫的百分数分别为22.30%、26.50%、13.55%、3.80%、37.65%和24.30%、29.60%、15.05%、2.50%、31.15%。抗感品种根上线虫性比的差异极明显,抗病品种为10左右,而感病对照稍大于1;抗病品种根上线虫幼虫从二龄到三龄及从三龄到四龄阶段有较高的死亡率,而且从三龄到四龄阶段的死亡率高于从二龄到三龄阶段。 相似文献
10.
肾形肾状线虫Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira是作物根部半内寄生植物线虫, 被列为危害最严重的十大植物线虫之一。本文对安徽省新发生瓜蒌肾形线虫病的病原进行鉴定并对其生活史进行初步研究。利用形态学和分子生物学将病原线虫鉴定为肾形肾状线虫R.reniformis, 系统发育分析表明其属于A型。肾形肾状线虫在瓜蒌根部完成生活史需要24 d, 每条雌虫平均产卵64粒, 繁殖系数R=(11.12±0.62)。本文系首次报道肾形肾状线虫在安徽省发生危害, 瓜蒌为肾形肾状线虫的新寄主。本研究为进一步掌握肾形肾状线虫的分布区域及潜在寄主及综合防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Christian Heinrichs 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2011,62(3-4):101-106
The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is widely spread among sugar beet habitats with narrow crop rotation (especially in the warmer region of the Rhine Gorge). Without a consistent control management the economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation under the current framework requirements is threatened. This problem is solved by the biological control using nematode-resistant oil radish or mustard which has been established during the last 25 years. Population of nematodes can be reduced up to 70% while maintaining the sugar beet yield on a high level. Big plot studies achieved a yield increase of 10?C15% thereby confirming the economic efficiency of nematode control measures using resistant undersown crops. Another starting point for problem solving lies within the cultivation of nematode-resistant sugar beet varieties. Currently, the sugar content and sugar yield of these varieties lie below the level of the standard varieties. Without nematode infection reduction in grain yield of approximately 10% must be accepted. Thus, cultivation is only economically reasonable in the infection areas. Heterodera schachtii is decreased by 60?C70%. Breeding of nematode-resistant sugar beet varieties has been the last step up to now. Already with low latent nematode infection these varieties clearly outbalance previous grain yields. A study series in 2009 showed an increase in sugar yield by an average of 10?C18% compared to the normal variety by cultivation of tolerant beet with latent nematode infection. Despite further developments in control management of tolerant/resistant beet, the culturing of resistant undersown crops remains up to date as these varieties, although only to a small degree, suffer from Heterodera schachtii. 相似文献
12.
J.F. SOUTHEY T.J.W. ALPHEY D. A. COOKE JENNIE A. WHITEWAY P. L. MATIIIAS 《Plant pathology》1982,31(2):163-169
Surveys of sugar beet crops for beet cyst nematode ( Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) in seven selected areas of England have provided data on distribution of the pest and on some factors affecting its occurrence. These data were mapped by CAMGRID computer program.
Infestations occurred mostly on the East Anglian fenland (14% of fields infested) and in this area were more frequent nearer the sugar beet processing factory. In the remaining areas the few infested fields (5% or less) were generally scattered but a small concentration of infestation occurred in the West Midlands in an area of intensive horticulture with frequent brassica crops. The survey data did not support the view that beet cyst nematode infestations occur more frequently near access points to the crop. In the surveyed areas frequency of host crops appears to be more important than soil type in determining the likelihood of infestation. 相似文献
Infestations occurred mostly on the East Anglian fenland (14% of fields infested) and in this area were more frequent nearer the sugar beet processing factory. In the remaining areas the few infested fields (5% or less) were generally scattered but a small concentration of infestation occurred in the West Midlands in an area of intensive horticulture with frequent brassica crops. The survey data did not support the view that beet cyst nematode infestations occur more frequently near access points to the crop. In the surveyed areas frequency of host crops appears to be more important than soil type in determining the likelihood of infestation. 相似文献
13.
Early records of beet cyst nematode ( Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) in Britain and the history of regulatory measures to control it are summarized. Data collected between 1928 and 1976 were computer mapped on a 10 km grid scale to illustrate the cumulative distribution of beet cyst nematode in Britain. The distribution of the nematode was compared with that of its principal host, sugar beet. Data collected between 1962 and 1977 in East Anglia were computer mapped on a 1 km grid scale to show the detailed distribution of beet cyst nematode in that area. The advantages of computer-generated distribution maps over manually produced maps are discussed. 相似文献
14.
国外甜菜孢囊线虫发生危害、生物学和控制技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甜菜孢囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)是全世界重要检疫性有害生物,对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,该线虫已在全世界50多个国家或地区有分布,22个国家将其列为检疫对象。甜菜孢囊线虫寄主多达23科95属218种植物,可导致甜菜产量损失达25%~70%,甚至绝产,在欧洲每年造成的经济损失已超过9 000万欧元,严重威胁当地甜菜生产和制糖业。甜菜孢囊线虫是我国重要进境检疫性有害生物,因其对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,我国各级农业行政主管部门对甜菜孢囊线虫都高度重视,严防该线虫的暴发和危害,本文介绍国外甜菜孢囊线虫研究进展。 相似文献
15.
R. D. Sharma 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1968,74(4):97-100
The host suitability of 41 plant species or varieties for aTylenchorynchus dubius population from The Netherlands was determined in pots of 150 g of soil, each inoculated with 10 nematodes, 5 males and 5 females. The results, shown in Table 1, indicate the polyphagy of this nematode and the fact that several tropical crops are efficient hosts. Suitable hosts include several Gramineae (rice, sorghum, perennial rye grass, oats, millet, summer rye, corn and barley), Cruciferae (cauliflower, turnip, radish) and Leguminosae (gram, pea). Poor hosts include spinach, beet, carrot, flax, tobacco and cotton. 相似文献
16.
Increased crop yield of nematode resistant sugar beet varieties compared to non-resistant varieties is dependent upon density of the sugar beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii, being below a certain threshold level. Therefore there is a requirement for an inexpensive quantitative laboratory test for H. schachtii. Currently the standard method to determine nematode densities relies on extraction of cysts from soil samples and their subsequent enumeration which is time-consuming. The method described in this article involves the extraction of nematodes obtained by a technique inducing the hatching of juveniles. Hatching of larvae is induced by incubation of the soil sample with “Acetox” followed by a Baermann funnel extraction. Instead of a visual estimation of nematode densities using a microscope, H. schachtii larvae are identified by a molecular diagnostic. The aim of this study is to distinguish between the three threshold infestation levels by comparing the intensities of PCR products derived from samples containing known numbers of target H. schachtii. 相似文献
17.
Peter C. Longden 《Pest management science》1976,7(4):422-425
Annual bolting sugar beets have contaminated fields in England and represent a potential hazard through their seed production capability (up to 150 viable seed/plant), which could make them an important weed in arable crops, and through their pollen production, which could lead to a degeneration in varieties of sugar beet being grown for seed nearby. Although control by rotation and herbicides in other crops are probably the easiest effective control measures, up to 100% reduction in seed production in the sugar beet crop resulted from bolter pulling, topping or treatment with a 100 g a.e./litre glyphosate solution (1 ml/plant) early in July. The glyphosate damaged other plants which it reached. Whichever control method is selected, mechanisation seems possible. 相似文献
18.
Saïd Amiri Sergei A. Subbotin Maurice Moens 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(6):497-506
PCR-RFLPs of ITS-rDNA and PCR with species-specific primers were developed for identification of cysts and juveniles of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Restrictions of PCR product by MvaI or ScrFI distinguish H. schachtii, H. betae, H. trifolii and H. medicaginis. RFLP profiles with eight restriction enzymes for these four nematode species are presented. Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer sequences of populations from several Schachtii group species, a specific primer for H. schachtii was designed, permitting amplification of the target sequence from juveniles and cysts of the beet cyst nematode. A duplex PCR protocol tested with a wide range of nematode samples is described. 相似文献
19.
Crop and density effects on weed beet growth and reproduction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Weed beet populations growing in each crop of the arable rotation could be a relay for the gene flow from adjacent transgenic herbicide‐resistant sugarbeet. In this study, weed beet growth and reproduction were assessed under several conditions which could be found in the rotation: various weed beet densities (ranging from 1 to 120 plants m?2) and various crops (winter wheat, spring barley, spring pea, sugarbeet, maize, ryegrass). Measurements were carried out both on life‐cycle dynamics (bolting time, time to flowering onset, dynamics of flower opening) and on other quantitative data (survival rate, bolting rate and pollen, flower and seed production). Increasing weed beet density resulted in decreases in bolting rate and flower and seed production per plant. In cereals, weed beet establishment and reproduction were strongly reduced, compared with bare ground as a control situation. In pea, there was no effect on establishment, but the early harvest limited seed set. In the other crops, flower and seed production were reduced to a lesser extent. Parameters of the fitted equations on the bolting and flowering progress were modified by the weed beet density and by the crop. Our data may be used in a model predicting weed beet demographic evolution according to cropping system, and in assessing gene flow. 相似文献