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1.
皱纹盘鲍内脏脂质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对皱纹盘鲍内脏脂质进行了分析。采用Folch法提取内脏总脂,硅胶柱层析对中性脂及磷脂进行分离;TLC法对中性脂、磷脂不同组分进行分离与其主要组分的制备;10%硫酸—甲醇对样品进行甲酯化,通过气相色谱法对其进行脂肪酸分析比较。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍内脏中磷脂含量可达31.58%,不饱和脂肪酸在磷脂中含量显著高于中性脂中含量。磷脂中含有一定量的缩醛磷脂,磷酯酰乙醇胺(PE)中缩醛型磷脂含量可达50%。研究表明,皱纹盘鲍内脏中含有丰富的磷脂,多不饱和脂肪酸,并含有一定量的缩醛磷脂,具有较好的食用和药用价值,应得到充分利用。 相似文献
2.
5种鲈形目淡水鱼肌肉脂肪酸及磷脂组成的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究鲈形目淡水鱼在不同科和种间脂肪酸及磷脂组成的差异,该研究以高体革?(Scortum barcoo)、赤鲈(Perca fluviatilis)、梭鲈(Lucioperca lucioperca)、大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)和罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)为对象,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)、高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)对以上5种鱼肌肉中的脂肪酸与磷脂进行了分析。结果表明,5种淡水鱼肌肉中共检测出21种脂肪酸,共有的脂肪酸有8种,分别为C_(14:0),C_(16:0),C_(18:0),C_(16:1),C_(18:1),C_(18:2),C_(20:5)和C_(22:6)。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量丰富,PUFA含量除高体革?为26.81%之外,其他均大于35%。5种淡水鱼肌肉中共检出6种磷脂,分别为磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、鞘磷脂(SM)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LPC)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)。5种鱼肌肉磷脂中PC含量最高,占据磷脂总量的45.84%～62.55%,PE和PI次之,PS和SM含量相对较少,仅占总磷脂的2.19%～5.27%和2.06%～3.65%。 相似文献
3.
分别取罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的肉、脂肪、肝、眼和皮等组织,用氯仿-甲醇(2∶1,v/v)提取,以C17∶0为内标物,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)分析了各组织脂肪酸种类及含量。结果显示:罗非鱼各种组织中含有16种脂肪酸,富含多不饱和脂肪酸。脂肪组织中的脂肪酸含量最高,其次是眼睛、肝脏、鱼肉和鱼皮;各组织中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为202~8869 mg/kg,主要为棕榈酸(C16∶0)和硬脂酸(C18∶0);单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量为293~11219 mg/kg,主要为棕榈油酸(C16∶1)和油酸(C18∶1);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为362~8293 mg/kg,主要是亚油酸(C18∶2)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,C22∶6);n-6/n-3为1.20~2.46。 相似文献
4.
建立了固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水产养殖区表层沉积物中七氟菊酯、联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯10种拟除虫菊酯残留的分析方法.样品以石油醚/丙酮(V/V,3∶1)提取、铜粉除去硫化物、石墨化碳黑-佛罗里土复合固相萃取柱净化、石油醚/丙酮(V/V,4∶1)洗脱、电子捕获-气相色谱测定,外标法定量.七氟菊酯在2.5～100 ng/ml、其他9种菊酯在5～200 ng/ml内线性关系良好(r≥0.996 7);2、20、40μg/kg添加浓度的回收率在72.8％～107％之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.75％～11.3％;检出限(LOD)为0.01～0.1 μg/kg(湿重),最低定量限(LOQ)为1～2 μg/kg(湿重);适用于水产养殖区拟除虫菊酯污染的监测. 相似文献
5.
南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)生物储量巨大,含有丰富的磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine,PC),而PC是生物生长的必需磷脂。现今南极磷虾的研究主要针对磷虾油和蛋白,尚未见有PC分子组成的系统研究报道。该研究使用超声辅助Bligh Dyer脂质提取法提取南极磷虾中磷脂,并采用Box-Benhnken设计原理优化提取工艺,以正离子模式下胆碱碎片(m/z 184)为特异性碎片,利用鸟枪脂质组学法鉴定南极磷虾组织中的PC分子组成。结果表明,南极磷虾磷脂的最佳提取条件为超声时间21.0 min、超声温度30℃、溶剂用量3.1 mL,此条件下磷脂实际提取率的平均值为(7.59±0.03)%。利用鸟枪脂质组学法鉴定出南极磷虾中共含有36种PC分子,其中EPA/DHA脂肪酸链含量占47.75%,质量分数为269.82μg·g~(-1)。研究表明南极磷虾组织中含有丰富的EPA和DHA,而磷脂状态存在的ω-3脂肪酸具有较高的利用效率,这为开发南极磷虾类营养保健产品提供数据支持和理论基础。 相似文献
6.
7.
为探寻封闭循环流水养殖模式下养殖的较大型(≥2 kg)花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)各可食部的脂肪酸特征,利用索氏抽提法获得各部位的粗脂肪,以37种脂肪酸甲酯混标标准品为标准,气相色谱外标法检测脂肪酸的组成。检测结果显示,鱼皮中粗脂肪含量最高为26.96%,鱼肉的粗脂肪含量为10.36%;不同可食部的脂肪酸组成基本相似,饱和脂肪酸9种,单不饱和脂肪酸6种,多不饱和脂肪酸8种,饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸间的比例大约都为1∶3∶1,三大类脂肪酸中含量最高的分别为软脂酸C16∶0、油酸C18∶1n9c和二十二碳六烯酸C22∶6n3,油酸在不同可食部中均超过20 g/100 g总脂,C22∶6n3(DHA)在不同可食部中含量在4.42~5.59 g/100 g总脂之间。研究表明,较大型花鳗鲡是人体所需脂肪酸的良好食物来源。 相似文献
8.
气相色谱法测定鱼虾肌肉组织中氯霉素的残留量 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
鱼虾肌肉组织中氯霉素残留量的检测有很多种方法 ,定量确认方法一般有气相色谱法 (GC) ,高效液相色谱法 (HPLC) ,气相色谱一质谱联机 (GC -MC) ,液相色谱—质谱联机 (LC -MC)等方法 ,本文采用GC法 (ECD)研究测定了鱼虾肌肉中氯霉素的残留量。用乙酸乙脂提取样品中的氯霉素 ,经去蛋白质 ,脱脂 ,过C18柱后 ,用BSYFA -TMCS衍生后进样。方法的回收率为 6 4 5± 8 7% ,检测限为 0 1～ 1μg/kg。 相似文献
9.
建立了测定水产品中常见的6种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物（ PAEs）的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析方法。样品经环己烷：乙酸乙酯（V/V,1∶1）混合溶液超声提取,用乙腈饱和的正己烷除脂,再用正己烷饱和的乙腈反提,过PAE30006-C固相萃取小柱净化,用1%乙酸乙酯的正己烷淋洗,再用正己烷：乙酸乙酯（V/V,1∶1）混合溶液洗脱,洗脱液浓缩后,正己烷定容,供GC-MS测定。结果显示：6种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物（ PAEs）在10-5000 ng/mL的线性范围内,相关系数在0．9992-0．9998,线性良好,检出限（ LOD ）在0．62-2．96μg/kg,定量限（ LOQ）在2．0-9．0μg/kg。选择罗非鱼样品为测试对象,按照10μg/kg、50μg/kg和100μg/kg 的添加量做加标回收试验,平均回收率在70．5%-105．4%之间,相对标准偏差在3．78%-7．57%之间;选用南美白对虾、草鱼、锯缘青蟹、大黄鱼和牡蛎样品对此方法进行验证,在添加浓度为50 ug/kg的水平上进行加标回收实验,6种PAEs的平均加标回收率在71．5%-102．5%之间,相对标准偏差在3．25%-7．86%之间。该方法提取效率高,净化效果好,可操作性强,符合水产品中药物残留检测的要求。 相似文献
10.
11.
J. Gordon Bell John D. Castell Douglas R. Tocher Fiona M. MacDonald John R. Sargent 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(2):139-151
Five purified diets containing AA (20:4n-6) at 0.02–0.78% dry weight and DHA (22:6n-3) at 0.93–0.17% dry weight were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 0.87 g for a period of 11 weeks. The dietary DHA:AA ratio ranged from 62 to 0.2. Incorporation of AA into liver phospholipids increased with increasing dietary AA input. Phospholipids from fish fed diets containing 0.02, 0.06 and 0.11% of dry weight as AA generally contained less AA compared to fish fed fish oil while those fed diets containing 0.35 and 0.78% of dry weight as AA had higher AA levels in their phospholipids. The highest levels of AA were found in PI but the greatest percentage increase in AA incorporation was in PE and PC. Brain phospholipid fatty acid compositions were less altered by dietary treatment than those of liver but DHA content of PC and PE in brain was substantially lower in fish fed 0.93% pure DHA compared to those fed fish oil. This suggests that dietary DHA must exceed 1% of dry weight to satisfy the requirements of the developing neural system in juvenile turbot. In both tissues, (20:5n-3) concentration was inversely related to both dietary and tissue PI AA concentration. Similar dietary induced changes in AA, EPA and DHA concentrations occurred in the phospholipids of heart, gill and kidney. PGE2 and 6-ketoPGF1 were measured in homogenates of heart, brain, gill and kidney. In general, fish fed the lowest dietary AA levels had reduced levels of prostaglandins in their tissue homogenates while those fed the highest level of AA had increased prostaglandin levels, compared to fish fed fish oil. In brains, the PGE2 concentration was only significantly increased in fish fed the highest dietary AA.Abbreviations AA
arachidonic acid
- DHA
docosahexaenoic acid
- EFA
essential fatty acid
- EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid
- HPTLC
high performance thin-layer chromatography
- HUFA
highly unsaturated fatty acid
- PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PGE
prostaglandin E
- PGE
prostaglandin E
- PI
phosphatidylinositol
- PS
phosphatidylserine
- PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study was to compare the total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipid contents, phospholipid class distribution and fatty acid composition of these lipids in muscle of wild and farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of similar body size. The results showed that muscle of farmed turbot had a higher lipid content than that of wild turbot (1.06% versus 0.64%) because they contained more neutral lipids (0.52% versus 0.24%) and more phospholipids (0.54% versus 0.40%).Distribution of phospholipid classes in muscle of both wild and farmed turbot was similar with 67–70% phosphatidyl choline, 22–25% phosphatidyl ethanolamine and 4.4–5.2% phosphatidyl inositol plus phosphatidyl serine and 2.4–2.9% sphingomyeline.Compared to wild turbot, all of the lipid classes from farmed turbot contained lower proportions of long chain -3 PUFA and 20:4 -6 and conversely higher proportions of 20:1 and 22:1. The ratio between -3 and -6 polyunsatured fatty acids was higher in all the lipid fractions of wild turbot than in those of farmed fish (8.8 versus 4.2 in total lipids, 11.0 versus 3.3 in neutral lipids, 7.9 versus 4.7 in phospholipids). © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
13.
Organ and phospholipid class fatty acid specificity in response to dietary depletion of essential n‐3 fatty acids in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 The cell membrane phospholipid composition is of major importance for normal cell functions. However, it is not known how complete depletion of both shorter and longer chain omega‐3 fatty acids in salmon diets influences fatty acid composition of phospholipid subclasses in different organs of Atlantic salmon. We describe here the fatty acid composition in phospholipid subclasses of liver, muscle, heart and intestine in Atlantic salmon after 18 months of dietary n‐3 essential fatty acids deprivation. The percentage of 22:6n‐3 was markedly reduced in almost all phospholipid subclasses, and except for muscle phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), phospholipids in deficient fish were totally devoid of 20:5n‐3. As compensation, we observed significant increases in 20:4n‐6, and especially in 20:3n‐9 (Mead acid) and 22:5n‐6, varying among phospholipids and organs. High amounts of 20:3n‐9 were found in liver and intestinal PE, little in PE from heart and muscle. For 22:5n‐6, we saw a small incorporation in PI in liver and intestine compared to heart and muscle. Generally in PI, the preference for 20:4n‐6 to 20:5n‐3 differed significantly between organs. Overall, changes upon n‐3 deprivation seemed to be strongest in liver and intestine, the lipid‐secreting organs, and less in muscle and heart. 相似文献
14.
Effects of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids in tissues of white sturgeon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Eight purified diets were fed to juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Rick, for 9 weeks to investigate the effect of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides from muscle, liver and brain. The diets contained 150 g kg?1 of oils from canola, corn, cod liver, lard, linseed, soybean, safflower, or a control mixture (corn oil/cod liver oil/lard, 1:1:1, by wt). Dietary lipids significantly (P≤ 05) affected the composition of tissue triglycerides and phospholipids. Tissue triglyceride fatty acid composition ranged widely, in parallel with the dietary lipids, while phospholipids changes were more conservative. Brain phospholipid fatty acid composition was less responsive to diet compared with that in muscle and liver. Considerable amounts of n-6 and n-3 long chain polyun-saturated fatty acids (> C20) were found in triglycerides and phospholipids with all diets, demonstrating that white sturgeon can desaturate and elongate linoleic acid (18:2n–6) and linolenic acid (18:3n–3). Further, the products of the Δ6 desaturase, i.e. 18:3 n–6 and 18:4n–3, were relatively abundant in triglyceride, suggesting that the Δ6 desaturase might not be a limiting step in the process in white sturgeon. Nevertheless, accumulation of both EPA and DHA was greater in the sturgeon fed fish oil than those fed linseed oil, indicating that muscle triglyceride EPA and DHA levels are best enhanced by diets rich in preformed EPA and DHA. 相似文献
15.
配制浓缩大豆磷脂油与精制菜籽油的添加比例分别为0:6、2:4、4:2和6:0的4种等氮、等能和等脂的饲料(P0R6、P2R4、P4R2和P6R0),在海水浮式网箱中,养殖初始体重为(20.84±0.05)g的大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼51 d,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼。通过评定2种油脂的不同配比对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长、体组成和脂肪酸组成的影响,以得出大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中大豆磷脂油与菜籽油的适宜配比。结果显示,各组实验鱼的存活率均高于91%,且无显著差异(P0.05)。P2R4组实验鱼的特定生长率显著高于P4R2和P6R0组(P0.05)。P2R4组实验鱼的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率显著高于P0R6和P6R0组(P0.05)。P0R6和P2R4组全鱼的粗脂肪含量显著高于P4R2和P6R0组(P0.05)。全鱼和肌肉的脂肪酸组成受实验鱼所摄食饲料的脂肪酸组成的影响。P6R0饲料显著降低了实验鱼的肝脏脂肪含量和肥满度(P0.05)。研究表明,大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中浓缩大豆磷脂油与精制菜籽油的适宜配比为2:4。 相似文献
16.
The fatty acid compositions of established fish cell lines after long-term culture in mammalian sera
The effect of long-term culture of fish cells in mammalian serum on the phospholipid fatty acid composition was investigated. All the cell lines studied had much lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than those found in intact fish tissues. In particular (n-3) PUFA were considerably depleted in the cultured cell lines, leading to very low (n-3)/(n-6) ratios in all the phospholipid classes. In general the cells were rich in 18:1, 16:0, 18:0 and 16:1 with 20:4(n-6) and 22:6(n-3) as the major PUFA. The fatty acid composition reflected the composition of the fetal calf serum added to the media rather than their fish tissue origins. The results were discussed in relation to the roles of PUFA in general cell metabolism and more specifically the role of (n-3) PUFA in fish cells. 相似文献
17.
J.G. Bell D.R. Tocher B.M. Farndale A.H. McVicar J.R. Sargent 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1999,20(3):263-277
Three diets in which the lipid component was supplied either as fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) or olive oil (OO) were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 1.2 g for a period of up to 12 weeks. The latter two diets resulted in a significant reduction in specific growth rate and an increased mortality compared to the FO (control) fed fish. A liver histopathology was evident in around half of the fish fed the LO and OO diets but was absent in fish fed FO. The lesion showed indications of cellular alterations consisting of foci of densely basophilic cells but without evidence of inflammatory activity. The total lipid fatty acid composition of the carcass from fish fed LO had increased percentages of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, but decreased percentages of all other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including the physiologically important 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, compared to fish fed FO. Almost 2/3 of the total fatty acids in the carcass of OO-fed fish were monounsaturated while the percentages of total saturated fatty acids and all other PUFA, except 18:2n-6, were significantly reduced compared to fish fed FO. Broadly similar effects on total lipid fatty acid composition were observed in liver. In the liver glycerophospholipid classes of fish fed LO, percentages of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 20:3n-3 were significantly increased whereas all C20 and C22 PUFA, with the exception of 20:5n-3 in PI, were significantly reduced compared to fish fed FO. The liver glycerophospholipids of fish fed OO all showed significantly increased total monounsaturates, 18:2n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:2n-9 and 20:2n-9 as well as reduced percentages of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3, compared to fish fed FO. The brain glycerophospholipids showed broadly similar changes in response to dietary treatment although the magnitude of fatty acid alterations was less than those observed in liver. The greater mortalities in the OO-fed fish compared to the LO-fed fish suggests that incorporation of 18:3n-3 into tissue phospholipids can offset losses of long-chain PUFA more effectively than incorporation of 18:1n-9. However, levels of dietary long-chain PUFA must be optimised to allow normal growth and development. We conclude that the very low flux through the fatty acid desaturase/elongase pathways in turbot is not up-regulated by diets deficient in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. 相似文献
18.
Murray D. Wiegand 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(1):21-27
In each of two separate experiments, eggs from a single female goldfish were fertilized, incubated at 22°C and sampled regularly up to day 6 when the larvae could be expected to commence feeding. Hatching normally occurred on Day 4. Lipids were extracted from the eggs and larvae and the neutral lipid and neutral phospholipids were isolated on aminopropyl columns. Fatty acid analysis of the eggs revealed the typical situation in fish where the phospholipids were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the neutral lipids were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Assay of lipid masses revealed that little depletion of lipid occurred until after hatch and that the neutral phospholipids were the principal fraction consumed. Although the neutral lipid mass did not change substantially during development, its fatty acid profile did. The proportions of several PUFA in the neutral lipids, especially 226(n–3), 205(n–3) and 204(n–6), increased substantially during development while proportions of MUFA and 182(n–6) declined. This appears to be a mechanism by which the larva can retain essential fatty acid released on hydrolysis of phospholipid while deriving the benefits of catabolism of phospholipid as fuel, namely the provision of phosphate and choline for intermediary metabolism and for the synthesis of macromolecules and neurotransmitter.Abbreviations AA
arachidonic acid (204(n–6))
- DHA
docosahexaenoic acid (226(n–3))
- EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid (205(n–3))
- MUFA
monounsaturated fatty acid
- PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
- SFA
saturated fatty acid 相似文献
19.
Rolf Erik Olsen Bjørn Tore Dragnes Reidar Myklebust Einar Ringø 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,29(3):181-192
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) were fed purified diets containing fish oil for six weeks and then soybean lecithin or soybean oil for 25 days.
The gastrointestinal tract segments, stomach, midgut and hindgut were then sampled for lipid and fatty acid composition and
electron microscopy. Membrane lipid class composition was fairly similar in all three segments of trout fed fish oil. Hindgut
contained slightly more phosphatidylserine than stomach and midgut, while midgut contained more phosphatidylcholine and less
lysophospatidylcholine/sphingomyelin. Feeding soybean products appeared to marginally decrease free cholesterol. The fatty
acid compositions of the main lipid classes showed significant regional differences. In control fish, stomach had higher levels
of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids than midgut and hindgut, and lower content of docosahexaenoic
acid (22:6n-3) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Midgut phosphatidylethanolamine also had higher levels of saturated fatty
acids and less n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids than the other tissues. Feeding soybean products decreased the n-3/n-6 ratio
mainly due to increases in linoleic (18:2n-6) and 20:4n-6 and decreases in 22:6n-3 and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3). Phosphatidylcholine
and to a lesser extent phosphatidylethanolamine adapted more readily to dietary changes by major increases in 18:2n-6 and
C20−22 n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The composition of phosphatidyl-serine and -inositol appeared to be under more strict metabolic
control. Linoleic acid hardly increased at all while the increase in other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was less pronounced
than for the other lipid classes. Regardless of lipid class, stomach resisted dietary changes more strongly than midgut and
hindgut. Increases in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were minor as were the loss of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The
dead-end product 20:2n-6 accumulated to a higher degree in hindgut phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and -coline compared to midgut
and stomach, suggesting that the activity of Δ6 desaturation is higher in the anterior part of the intestine where most of the lipid is absorbed. Feeding soybean oil caused
massive accumulation of free lipid droplets in midgut enterocytes while little lipid droplets were observed in trout fed fish
oil or soybean lecithin. Since both soybean products influenced intestinal composition to the same degree, altered fatty acid
profiles in membranes is not responsible for the observed lipid accumulation. This supports previous observations in Arctic
charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), suggesting that fish may require exogenous phospholipids in order to sustain a sufficient rate of lipoprotein synthesis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Response of fish membranes to environmental temperature 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The effect of temperature on fluidity, fatty acid and molecular species composition of liver and brain phospholipids in fish adapted or exposed to extreme temperatures was investigated. Membranes from cold-adapted fish were more fluid than those from warm-adapted fish. Ability to control membrane fluidity according to temperature appears in early ontogenesis and is first evident in swim-up fry of carp. Red blood cells as well as neurons of adult carp can continuously adjust the fluidity of their external membranes to changing temperatures. Segregation of choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides from livers of fish adapted to a cold/warm environment showed an accumulation of molecular species containing a monoenic fatty acid in position sn-1 and a polyenic fatty acid in position sn-2 of the molecule in cold conditions. Model experiments using mixtures of synthetic 18:1/22:6 phoshatidylethanolamines and 16:0/18:1 phosphatidylcholines demonstrated the involvement of these molecular species in rendering the membranes less packed (more fluid) during adaptation to reduced temperatures. 相似文献