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敌百虫对“金冠”苹果疏果机制的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
1200ppm敌百虫于盛花后两周对28年生‘金冠’苹果全树喷布,或单涂幼果,都有显著的疏果效应。单喷叶也有一定的疏果作用,但其疏除程度显著小于单涂果的。涂到9年生‘金冠’苹果短果枝莲座叶上或果台副梢中下部成龄叶上的~(14)C-敌百虫,5天后都能明显地运向幼果。涂到幼果上的~(14)C-敌百虫可进入种子,但未见运到其它器官。成龄叶上的~(14)C-敌百虫还可运向果台副梢顶端。乙烯作用抑制剂银离子对敌百虫的疏果效应没有显著影响。萘乙酸与敌百虫混用与相应浓度的敌百虫单用相比,其疏果效应有增加的趋势,但差异不显著。600ppm敌百虫可以部分抵销萘乙酸延迟幼果脱落的作用。文中讨论了敌百虫对‘金冠’苹果疏果的作用部位、乙烯在敌百虫疏果中的作用以及萘乙酸对敌百虫疏果效应的影响,为进一步研究敌百虫的疏果机制提供了线索。 相似文献
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喷布40％水胺硫磷1000倍液,90％敌百虫或80％敌敌畏800～1000倍液。 国光、金冠苹果卵果率达1％时喷50％对硫磷2000倍液,每叶上活动螨5～6头时混喷20％三氯杀螨砜600倍液。 相似文献
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1979～1983年在大连市和泗水县对‘国光’、‘金冠’品种进行了化学疏花疏果试验。大连市‘国光’苹果较好的疏除方案是花蕾膨大期喷300ppm乙烯利,开始落瓣后10天喷或不喷20ppm萘乙酸,到6月下旬至7月上旬人工补充疏果。泗水县适于‘国光’的疏除方案是花蕾膨大期喷300ppm乙烯利,开始落瓣后10天喷20ppm萘乙酸+300ppm乙烯利或单喷20ppm萘乙酸。两地区‘金冠’苹果较好的疏除方案是开始落瓣后10天喷750ppm西维因+10ppm萘乙酸。 本文阐述了这些处理对‘国光’、‘金冠’品种的疏除效应、疏除时间、果实等级、单果重和产量以及经济效益的影响。 相似文献
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生长调节剂对金水一号梨物候期和坐果率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金水一号梨花期偏早,缺乏优良的授粉品种,坐果率低.用赤霉素(GA~3)50、100、200mg·1~(-1)和2,4-D10、20、40mg·1~(-1)进行了喷施试验,结果表明:GA_3 100、200mg·1~(-1)比对照推迟落叶13—17d、萌动期3—5d、盛花期3—4d,提高坐果率2—4倍,株产增加2.5—2.7倍,效果最好;2,4—D20mg·1~(-1)效果次之;GA_3 50mg·1~(-1)和2,4—D10mg·1~(-1)落叶期明显推迟,坐果率显著提高;其它处理与对照无异. 相似文献
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用毛细管气相色谱测试了多效唑(PP333)处理苹果树叶片内源脱落酸(ABA)的含量变化.结果表明:(1)5月 30日 500、750mg·1~(-1)多效唑喷施后叶片内源ABA上升缓慢,30d分别达到4.43×10~(-8)g·g~(-1)、5.11×10~(-8)g·g~(-1)峰值;1500mg·l~(-1)处理树叶片ABA上升迅速,处理20d达峰值8.22×10~(-8)g·g~(-1).(2)5月30日、6月10日及6月20日不同时期相同浓度多效唑处理树叶片内源ABA峰值分别为4.71 ×10~(-8)g·g~(-1)、5.84×10~(-8)g·g~(-1)、7.44×10~(-8)g·g~(-1)7月20日至7月30日,不同处理内源ABA含量差异不显著.(3)6月10日至7月20日处理树叶片ABA平均值与处理树当年秋梢萌发率呈显著负相关,与全树总花量及腋花芽数量呈极显著正相关. 相似文献
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Sally A. Bound K. M. Jones T. B. Koen M. J. Oakford M. H. Barrett N. E. Stone 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):559-567
A trial, at Spreyton in north-western Tasmania, studied the effects of Cytolin and NAA sprays on the thinning and shape of ‘Delicious’ apples. Untreated control and hand thinned trees were compared with trees treated with Cytolin or NAA alone, or in combination. Cytolin was applied at 25 mg 1~‘ at the king petal (KP) stage. NAA was applied at 8 mg I“1 at full bloom (FB) and 7,10, or 15 days after full bloom (AFB). Cytolin alone had no effect on thinning, fruit weight or on pip numbers but it did improve fruit shape. The combination of cytolin and NAA at FB overthinned. Cytolin and NAA combinations applied at all times after FB significantly decreased both mean fruit weight and pip numbers and reduced the percentage of fruit > 70 mm. All Cytolin-NAA combinations and the NAA treatments applied at 10 and 15 days AFB resulted in unacceptably high percentages of apples < 45 mm in diameter (pygmy fruit). It is recommended that Cytolin and NAA should not be used in the same spray programme. NAA alone is a most effective thinner at FB or seven days AFB. 相似文献
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K. M. Jones T. B. Koen M. J. Oakford S. Bound 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):527-532
SummaryA series of trials in Tasmania examined the thinning effects of ethephon and NAA on ‘Red Fuji’ apple. In the ethephon trials, concentrations from 25 to 600 ppm were applied at full bloom (FB) or 14 days after full bloom (AFB) to trees on either seedling or M.M.106 rootstocks. The NAA trial involved spraying concentrations of 5, 10 or 15 ppm at FB or 14 days AFB to trees on seedling rootstocks. Ethephon thinning of ‘Red Fuji’ was similar at FB and 14 days AFB. The dependence of fruit thinning on ethephon concentration was described by fitting non-linear response curves. These relationships were stronger and less variable for M.M.106 than seedling trees. Ethephon proved a satisfactory thinner for trees on both rootstocks. At the high spray volume used, the preferred concentrations at both FB and 14 days AFB would be 25 or 50 ppm for seedling and 100 or 200 ppm for M.M.106 rootstocks. NAA under-thinned at 5 ppm and over-thinned at 10 and 15 ppm at both FB and 14 days AFB. No firm recommendation can be given for NAA as a thinner of ‘Fuji’ at this stage. 相似文献
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Sally A. Bound K. M. Jones B. Graham M. J. Oakford M. Tichon 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):967-973
A trial on ‘Fuji’ apples at the Grove Research Station in southern Tasmania during the 1991/92 season studied the thinning effect and interactions between ethephon and benzyladenine (BA) when BA was applied as a secondary thinner after a full bloom (FB) application of ethephon. The spray treatments were a factorial combination of eight application times of BA (11,13,15,17,19, 21, 23 or 25 days after full bloom (AFB)) with ten concentrations (20,40,60,80,100,120,140,160,180 or 200 mg I“1). An unsprayed control and an ethephon control were included. Target thinning results were achieved 19- 23 d AFB with concentrations of 140-160 mg I“1. A corollary of this successful thinning was an increase in fruit weight and size. Return bloom was improved significantly where thinning was successful. There was no effect on fruit firmness, soluble solids or lateral branching. Drawbacks were an increase in the incidence of russet and a reduction in pip number at the optimum thinning times and concentrations. 相似文献
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K. M. Jones T. B. Koen R. J. Meredith 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):381-388
In southern Tasmania ethephon sprays were applied at two stages of bloom and after bloom at concentrations from 350 to 1 400 ppm. At both the balloon blossom stage and 42 days after full bloom (AFB) 350 ppm ethephon caused satisfactory thinning of fruit by decreasing fruit set and increasing the number of fruits 70 mm or more in diameter. Higher concentrations of ethephon at these stages overthinned. At full bloom concentrations below 1 050 ppm ethephon did not remove significant numbers of fruit but both 1 050 and 1 400 ppm spray concentrations satisfactorily thinned the fruit. The spray of 1 400 ppm ethephon 42 days AFB significantly restricted fruit growth. Shoot length was reduced by all ethephon treatments and return bloom in the following spring was heavy in all thinned treatments. A mathematical model describing numbers of fruit set was developed and used to demonstrate a three-dimensional response surface to ethephon thinning sprays. 相似文献
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K. M. Jones Sally A. Bound M. J. Oakford 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):685-694
Two trials assessed the relationship between time of spray application and the effectiveness of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or ethephon on thinning of red ‘Fuji’ apples. In particular the effectiveness of sprays at, before, or just after full bloom (FB) were assessed. Both NAA and ethephon were effective thinners at FB. The thinners differed in efficacy with time; NAA was less effective before and after FB, ethephon was efficient before FB but this thinning power declined over time linearly, becoming ineffective 5-6 d after full bloom (DAFB) Thinning effectiveness was reflected in improved mean fruit weight and size. With NAA, increasing the concentration from 10 to 20 mg P1 did not improve fruit thinning. Whereas NAA sprays 5-10 DAFB reduced pip numbers to fewer than the controls, ethephon sprays did not result in such large reductions. It was concluded that the most effective time to thin red ‘Fuji’ was at or near FB. This recommendation is firm for ethephon but further clarification is needed for NAA. This conclusion supports some work for other cultivars. However, the problem of the preoccupation with fruit set by many orchardists in countries with climates cooler than Australia is recognized as a continuing problem for the recommendation for such general early use of thinners. 相似文献
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The Growth of Apple Central Fruits as Affected by Thinning with NAA,BA and Naphthenic Acids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Biserka Milić Jelena Tarlanović Zoran Keserović Lana Zorić Bojana Blagojević Nenad Magazin 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(3):185-193
Plant growth regulators such as α?naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or 6?benzyladenine (BA) are commonly used for thinning apple fruits. NAs exhibits an auxin- and gibberellin-type biological activity, stimulate the uptake and translocation of auxins in plant tissue, as well as IAA synthesis and act as surfactants. It was assumed that NAs applied at the stadium of early fruit growth might cause fruit abscission in apple, similarly to NAA. The goal of the research was to test the presumed thinning effect of naphthenic acids on apple cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’. Three treatments were applied on both apple cultivars including 16.5?μL L?1 NAA, 200?μL L?1?BA and 2.63?mg L?1?potassium salts of NAs. Cortical cell size and the number of cell layers were measured in order to determine the contribution of cell size and cell division in early fruit growth, as affected by chemical thinning treatments. The effects of plant growth regulators NAA, BA and NAs on fruit set, fruit size and the anatomy of the fruit cortex highly depend on varietal differences. In ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit set reduction by chemical thinning increases both the number of cell layers and cell size of apple fruit, while in ‘Red Delicious’ NAA inhibits fruit growth, while BA is ineffective. Cell growth promoting activity of NAA and NAs, accompanied by the decrease in fruit set and reduced competition among fruits within the canopy, results in a significant fruit weight increase at harvest. The research confirms the auxinic properties of NAs, and their assumed thinning activity. 相似文献
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The experiments described in this paper were designed. (1) to investigate the mechanism whereby α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), applied as a spray to apple trees between full bloom and two to four weeks after petal-fall, reduces the crop ; and (2) to assess the possible value of this substance as a blossom- and fruit-thinning agent.Spraying open flowers with NAA before pollination was found to induce incompatibility between the pollen tubes and the stylar tissue, and it is considered that this may account for the reduction in set which results from spraying trees at full bloom with NAA. Applied after petal- fall, the spray caused the abortion of a large proportion of the developing seeds and this, in turn, led to an abnormally large drop of young fruitlets. The seeds appeared to be susceptible to damage by NAA only as long as the endosperm was in the free nuclear stage, a condition which, in most varieties of apple, persists until about the third week after petal-fall. As a thinning agent, NAA has the disadvantage that it tends to retard fruit growth. This effect is particularly marked when the spray is applied later than two weeks after petal-fall, and frequently offsets any increase in fruit size which might have resulted from thinning. Earlier application of the spray may, in certain varieties, cause a permanent stunting of the foliage. In the strongly biennial Miller’s Seedling, none of the thinning treatments, using NAA on individual branches, resulted in the differentiation of fruit buds in the " on ” year. 相似文献
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Pongnart Nartvaranant 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(2):215-225
ABSTRACTEffect of 2,4-D and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on fruit drop reduction in pummelo cv. Thong Dee was investigated in the pummelo growing areas of Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. Five similar sized and aged of pummelo trees were selected to set up the experiment. Ten mature branches with the same size from each pummelo tree were randomly selected around the canopy for 2,4-D (20 and 40 mg L?1), NAA (20 and 40 mg L?1) application and control. All treatments were applied to selected pummelo branches 2 times at full bloom and 2 months after fruit set. The results showed that 20 mg L?1 NAA (14.84%) and 40 mg L?1 NAA (12.26%) gave significantly higher percent of fruit retention at 6 months after fruit set. However, leaf total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration analysis showed that 40 mg L?1 2,4-D (104.86 mg g?1) and 20 mg L?1 2,4-D (96.55 mg g?1) gave significantly higher total nonstructural carbohydrate than those in control (78.44 mg g?1). For fruit quality, 40 mg L?1 2,4-D and 20 mg L?1 2,4-D gave the highest peel weight with 435.55 and 358.57 g, respectively, and 40 mg L?1 2,4-D gave the highest peel thickness with 20.25 mm, while 20 mg L?1 NAA gave statistically higher total soluble solid than those in 20 mg L?1 2,4-D and 40 mg L?1 2,4-D. Therefore, 20 mg L?1 of NAA sprayed 2 times at full bloom and 2 month after fruit set effectively reduced fruit drop and increased percentage of fruit retention in pummelo cv. Thong Dee. 相似文献
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疏果剂敌百虫在‘金冠’苹果短果枝内的分布和对光合强度及产物分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
‘金冠’苹果盛花后14天喷施1200ppm敌百虫可以引发落果,在短期内抑制幼果的生长。根据幼果在短果枝上的发育与坐果特征的不同,可分为三类:中心果、初生边果和次生边果。~(14)C-敌百虫示踪实验表明,敌百虫在维管束和幼果中含量高。敌百虫喷施48小时后,短果枝莲座叶的光合作用显著地受抑制,同时运向幼果的~(14)C-同化物显著减少,光合作用在8至18天内恢复正常。作者认为,敌百虫疏果的机制是减弱“源”、“库”的强度,加剧短果枝内碳水化合物短暂缺乏,使较小的幼果因碳水化合物缺乏而减缓生长,直至脱落,达到疏果的目的。 相似文献
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The effectiveness of Denapon and Ethrel as a thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ grape was examined from 1980 to 1982 with various timings and concentrations of application. Ethrel applied at 50 mg l?1 by cluster-dipping or shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, resulted in over-thinning and chemical injury, and no thinning effect was found when Ethrel was applied at 10 or 5 mg l?1 on the same dates. The only treatment which exhibited a desirable thinning effect was shoot-spraying at 50 mg l?1 12 days after full bloom, but this markedly inhibited berry growth. Denapon applied at 1667 mg l?1 by shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, reduced the number of berries per cluster almost adequately and consistently without any unfavorable side effects. This chemical applied at 834 mg l?1 was nearly as effective as when applied at 1667 mg l?1, but the effectiveness of the former was less consistent than that of the latter. From these results, Denapon is thought to be a promising thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’. 相似文献