共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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育秧基质合适酸碱度(pH值)不仅有利于水稻正常生长,同时有利于预防水稻病害。因此,研究不同类型调酸剂对育秧基质的调酸效果,以及育秧过程中对水稻生长的影响很有必要。以我们自己研制的发酵基质作为研究对象,分别添加不同浓度的柠檬酸、稀硫酸、硫磺、磷酸二氢铵,测定基质的pH值和电导率(EC值)。播种后12 d取样,结果发现:(1)磷酸二氢铵的调酸效果较好,并且EC值较低;柠檬酸、稀硫酸和硫磺也具有较好的调酸效果,但在高浓度下会显著增加育秧基质的EC值。(2)磷酸二氢铵处理后育出的秧苗株高、根长、百株地上部干物质量、地上部总氮、总磷含量均显著高于其他调酸剂处理的秧苗;硫酸和硫磺处理组的秧苗生长指标次于磷酸二氢铵,并且在高浓度下对水稻生长有抑制作用,但稀硫酸处理组育出的水稻秧苗叶片含有更高的叶绿素含量;柠檬酸处理显著抑制水稻秧苗根系的生长。综上所述,本试验中磷酸二氢铵适宜作为发酵基质的调酸剂,稀硫酸和硫磺次之。 相似文献
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试验研究了普通麻育秧膜和壳寡糖麻育秧膜对早稻秧苗主要病害、秧苗质量和产量的影响。结果表明：两种麻育秧膜能提高早稻秧苗对恶苗病、立枯病抗病能力,壳寡糖麻育秧膜抗病能力优于普通麻育秧膜。两种麻育秧膜均能显著提升早稻秧苗质量及产量,与无麻育秧膜相比,两种麻育秧膜处理的水稻秧苗株高、根长、地上鲜重、地上干重、根鲜重及根干重显著提高,壳寡糖麻育秧膜处理组早稻秧苗质量最好,表明壳寡糖麻育秧膜更有利于提高水稻秧苗质量。经分析水稻产量构成因素发现,普通麻育秧膜组和壳寡糖麻育秧膜组相比无麻育秧膜对照组,通过增加实粒数、减少秕谷数、增加有效分蘖、减少无效分蘖、增加千粒重使得每平方米产量增加,最终提高收获产量。水稻产量普通麻育秧膜处理组比无麻育秧膜处理组提高4.10%,壳寡糖麻育秧膜处理组提高8.60%。 相似文献
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水稻育秧基质理化性状对秧苗品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以木薯渣、甘蔗滤泥、稻田土为原料配成不同水稻育秧基质,以‘桂育9号’为供试品种,探究不同水稻育秧基质理化性状对秧苗品质的影响。结果表明:除不定根数、单位面积秧苗数外,秧苗各性状皆与基质的理化性状存在显著或极显著相关性。基质容重的减小和孔隙度的增大使得秧苗株高、叶面积、单位体积基质生产秧苗鲜重显著增大,而根系盘结力显著减小;基质p H中性左右对秧苗品质无显著影响。在2.7 m S范围内,基质电导率增大对株高、叶面积、单位体积基质生产秧苗鲜重有显著促进作用;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质对秧苗株高、SPAD值、叶面积和单位体积基质生产秧苗鲜重有显著促进作用,其中速效磷还对秧苗茎基宽、叶龄、地上部干重、发根能力有显著或极显著促进作用,而与根系盘结力则呈极显著的负相关。 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2019,(1):35-39
为了探明机插杂交水稻简易场地无盘育秧的可行性和实用性,在湖南农业大学水稻栽培试验基地(浏阳市永安镇)以杂交水稻泰优390、C两优华占为材料,比较研究了不同育秧方式和不同播种方式对机插杂交水稻秧苗素质的影响。结果表明,采用简易场地无盘基质育秧方法,不论是单粒印刷播种还是播种器播种,其秧苗株高、叶龄、植株干重等地上部指标均优于硬盘泥浆育秧。单粒印刷播种条件下,不论是简易场地无盘基质育秧还是硬盘泥浆育秧,其秧苗株高、叶龄、茎基宽、叶绿素含量、植株干重以及根系干重等均优于播种器播种秧苗。由此可见,简易场地无盘基质育秧和单粒印刷播种均有利于提高秧苗素质,两者结合应用对机插杂交稻育秧的发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为明确水稻机插育秧叠盘出苗的保湿效应及对秧苗生长特性及均匀度的影响,以甬优1540为供试品种,利用基质和稻田土进行播种育秧试验,分别设置育秧土饱和含水量的55%～60%(T1,基质含水量为38%,稻田土含水量为24%),75%～80%(T2,基质含水量为54%,稻田土含水量为32%)和饱和含水量（T3,基质含水量为70%,稻田土含水量为40%）3个育秧土播种水分梯度,播种后进行60 h叠盘出苗处理,并以不叠盘出苗育秧处理为对照,考查叠盘出苗期间育秧土含水量、种子出苗、秧苗特性及均匀度的变化。结果表明：（1）通过叠盘出苗能够保持出苗期间育秧土水分的稳定,不叠盘出苗育秧基质水分每小时散失1.08%,稻田土水分每小时散失1.29%;(2)叠盘出苗的种子出苗率显著高于不叠盘出苗处理,出苗期间育秧土水分含量与出苗率呈现显著正相关;（3）与不叠盘出苗育秧相比,叠盘出苗基质育秧和稻田土育秧分别使种子成苗率提高了29.9%和39.1%,并增加了株高和叶龄,同时分别使秧苗均匀度增加了23.6%和23.9%。试验说明,水稻机插育秧种子出苗期间进行叠盘能够维持育秧土水分稳定,进而提高种子成苗率、秧苗质量及秧... 相似文献
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水稻机插暗化出苗育秧技术具有出苗整齐、秧苗健壮、成秧率高、育秧成本低等优点。从品种选择、种子处理、机械播种等方面总结了水稻暗化出苗育秧技术。 相似文献
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以生产上应用面积较大的广适性籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为材料,设置钵苗育秧和毯苗育秧2种育秧方式以及4种播种量处理,研究不同播种量和育秧方式对籼粳杂交稻秧苗素质的影响。结果表明,随着播种量的增加,无论是钵苗育秧还是毯苗育秧,各秧苗素质指标总体上呈降低趋势。同一播种量条件下,钵苗育秧处理的株高极显著高于毯苗育秧处理;钵苗育秧处理出苗率在S4播种量（8粒/孔）时显著低于毯苗育秧处理（86.0 g/盘）,其他播种量下无显著差异。2种育秧方式的叶龄和茎基宽在S1播种量（2粒/孔或21.5 g/盘）时差异不显著,在其他播种量时钵苗育秧处理显著或极显著高于毯苗育秧处理。2种育秧方式的根长、地上部干物质量和地下部干物质量仅在低播种量时差异显著;同一播种量下2种育秧方式间的根数无显著差异。 相似文献
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针对农户在育秧基质育秧过程中存在的秧苗出苗率低、整齐度差、烂芽死苗等问题,探究播种前育秧基质喷水与不喷水、播种后堆盘与不堆盘处理对早稻秧苗素质及产量的影响。结果表明,播种前对育秧基质进行喷水,播种后对秧盘进行叠放暗处理,秧苗素质优,最终产量较高。 相似文献
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以桐乡大面积应用的常规晚粳稻秀水134、秀水14和嘉67为材料,研究了不同叶龄和株距对机插常规晚粳稻产量及其构成、群体茎蘖动态的影响。结果表明,随着移栽叶龄的延长,有效穗数和总颖花量显著下降,每穗粒数和千粒重显著上升,结实率不同处理间差异不显著。3.0叶龄处理下机插常规粳稻产量最高（9.73 t/hm2）,比3.5叶龄和4.0叶龄处理分别高5.99%和15.14%。随着密度降低,有效穗数、总颖花量及千粒重均显著下降,而每穗粒数增加不明显。14 cm株距处理下机插常规粳稻产量最高（9.34 t/hm2）,比16 cm和18 cm处理分别高2.86%和10.66%。综合来看,在桐乡常规晚粳稻作机插栽培,以3.0叶龄移栽、行株距30 cm×14 cm为宜。 相似文献
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双季超级稻强源活库优米栽培技术研究Ⅰ.超级稻专用壮秧剂对超级杂交稻成秧特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以超级杂交稻培杂泰丰和华优86为材料,在旱育秧和湿润育秧条件下,研究了专用壮秧剂对超级稻秧苗生长的影响。结果表明:壮秧剂可显著提高超级杂交稻旱育秧的成秧率和出叶速度;不论是湿润育秧还是旱育秧,壮秧剂对秧苗均具有显著的矮化作用,并可显著增加秧苗的茎基宽、单位高度干重和叶片叶绿素含量;壮秧剂还可明显提高旱育秧秧苗的抗逆能力,秧苗叶片的蛋白质含量、脯氨酸含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均显著高于对照。 相似文献
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Yield, grain quality and water use efficiency of rice under non-flooded mulching cultivation 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Plastic film or straw mulching cultivation under non-flooded condition has been considered as a new water-saving technique in rice production. This study aimed to investigate the yield performance in terms of quality and quantity and water use efficiency (WUE) under such practices. A field experiment across 3 years was conducted with two high-yielding rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (a japonica cultivar) and Shanyou 63 (an indica hybrid cultivar) and four cultivation treatments imposed from transplanting to maturity: traditional flooding as control (TF), non-flooded plastic film mulching (PM), non-flooded wheat straw mulching (SM), and non-flooded no mulching (NM). Compared with those under the TF, root oxidation activity, photosynthetic rate, and activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains during the grain filling period were significantly increased under the SM, whereas they were significantly reduced under the PM and NM treatments. Grain yield showed some reduction under all the non-flooded cultivations but differed largely among the treatments. The reduction in yield was 7.3–17.5% under the PM, 2.8–6.3% under the SM, and 39–49% under the NM. The difference in grain yield was not significant between TF and SM treatments. WUE for irrigation was increased by 314–367% under the PM, 307–321% under the SM, and 98–138% under the NM. Under the same treatment especially under non-flooded conditions, the indica hybrid cultivar showed a higher grain yield and higher WUE than the japonica cultivar. The SM significantly improved milling, appearance, and cooking qualities, whereas the PM or the NM decreased these qualities. We conclude that both PM and SM could significantly increase WUE, while the SM could also maintain a high grain yield and improve quality of rice. The SM would be a better practice than the PM in areas where water is scarce while temperature is favorable to rice growth, such as in Southeast China. 相似文献
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水稻烯效唑浸种对秧苗影响的解剖学观察 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以30 mg/L的烯效唑(S-07)乳剂浸种24 h, 于3叶1心期取样,在扫描电镜下观察叶表皮细胞和茎横切面,在透射电镜下观察叶绿体结构。经烯效唑处理的叶表皮细胞变短,叶表皮细胞的形状由锥体变为长方体,细胞之间的间隙变得紧密。茎横切面厚度增加,薄壁细胞增大，厚度比对照增厚44.4%左右，表明S 07延缓水稻秧苗生长主要是使细胞缩短,间隙变小,而不是减少细胞数量。而抗倒性的增强,主要是由于增加茎秆壁的厚度。透射电镜观察结果表明S-07可改变叶绿体的结构,使得类囊体增多,排列致密。 相似文献
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杂交稻再生稻经济性状试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
围绕我省当前再生稻发展需要，在大田生产中，采用１２个杂优组合对影响再生稻产量的因素进行研究，结果表明：再生穗和实粒数对产量的影响呈显著正相关；通过提高栽培水平，可显著增加再生穗从而达到再生稻增产的目的 相似文献
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To study the impacts of nanometer pottery trays(NPTs) on different rice varieties, three rice varieties, Zhongzheyou 1, Jinzao 47 and Xiushui 09, were treated with four NPTs(NPT-A, NPT-B, NPT-C and NPT-D) with different energies, respectively. The results showed that when the same rice variety was treated with different NPTs or different rice varieties were treated with the same NPT, the impacts on seed germination rate, seedling growth, plant height, panicle length and weight, the number of filled grains, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight varied between different rice variety-NPT interaction groups. In general, high energy NPT-C and NPT-D treatments obviously enhanced the functions of most examined rice characters. For example, NPT-C and NPT-D treatments improved the germination rate of all the three rice varieties, and promoted the root growth of seedlings, and increased seedling fresh weight, single panicle weight, filled grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight. On the contrary, low energy NPT-A treatment restrained the seed germination rate in Jinzao 47 and Zhongzheyou 1, and decreased the seedling fresh weight in Zhongzheyou 1. NPT-B treatment restrained the seedling growth in Jinzao 47 but increased the panicle length of Zhongzheyou 1. NPT-A and NPT-C treatments obviously decreased the 1000-grain weight in Xiushui 09. Therefore, when treating crop seeds or plants using nanomaterials or nanotechnologies, different types of crops/varieties should select the nanomaterials or nanotechnologies with suitable energies to reduce the negative effects. 相似文献
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Yoshitaka Hara 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):406-411
Seed coating with molybdenum compounds improves seedling establishment for rice, wheat, barley, and soybean when such seeds were sown under flooded conditions. Tungsten belongs to the same chemical group as molybdenum in the periodic table, and similar to molybdenum, inhibits the generation of sulfide ions. Here, the effects of tungsten and molybdenum containing seed coatings on seedling establishment under flooded conditions were compared using rice, wheat, barley, and soybean. In rice, the effects of tungsten compounds on seedling establishment varied. Tungsten trioxide had little effect but tungstic acid and ammonium phosphotungstate significantly improved seedling establishment when the amounts were at least .1–.2 mol W kg?1. Although the effect of tungsten coating varied depending on the compound used, ammonium phosphotungstate, along with other tungsten compounds, improved seedling establishment in a manner comparable with that of molybdenum compounds. For wheat and barley, ammonium phosphotungstate treatment resulted in a significant increase in establishment that was only slightly less than the results observed using molybdenum compounds. Tungstic acid and ammonium phosphotungstate treatments improved soybean establishment in a significant manner that was comparable with those of molybdenum compounds. Collectively, these results suggest that tungsten compounds, as well as molybdenum compounds, improve seedling establishment under flooded conditions. 相似文献