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1.
The biochemical composition of wild and cultured seahorses Hippocampus kuda Bleeker and Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach was analysed in this study. The crude protein contents (% dry weight) of wild seahorses were high: 72.7±2.5% in H. kuda and 78.5±4.2% in H. trimaculatus . The crude lipid contents (% dry weight) of wild and cultured seahorses (1.1±0.1 vs. 1.4±0.2 for H. kuda and 1.2±0.1 vs. 1.2±0.2 for H. trimaculatus ) were low and did not differ significantly ( F 3, 12 =1.461, P =0.12). The essential amino acids and flavour-enhancing amino acids in wild seahorses were higher than those in cultured seahorses, although the essential amino acid index in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were generally low. The total amino acid content decreased with growth in cultured H. trimaculatus ( F 3, 12 =14.927, P <0.05). The poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were 21.69%, 37.72%, 21.39% and 33.89% respectively. The fatty acid content in seahorses first decreased and then increased with growth both in wild and in cultured H. trimaculatus . The PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio was 1.31 in cultured H. kuda and 0.87 in cultured H. trimaculatus . The trace metal concentrations in the wild seahorses were relatively low. The results presented in this study provide biochemical information necessary for understanding the medicinal value of H. kuda and H. trimaculatus and for elucidating the potential dietary requirements for their culture. 相似文献
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Abstract. In a parasitic survey of wild and cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), thirteen protozoan species were found. Ectoparasites included two ciliates ( Trichodina spp.), one dinoflagellate ( Amylodinium sp.) and one zooflagellate ( Cryptobia sp.). Endoparasites were represented by members of Apicomplexa ( Hemogregarina sp., Eimeria spp.). Microsporea (unidentified species) and Myxosporea ( Myxobilatus sp., Ceratomyxa spp., Sphaerospora dicentrarchi, Sphaerospora testicularis). Myxobilatus sp., Eimeria spp. and the microsporean were exclusively found in wild fish, whereas Amyloodinium sp. and Hemogregarina sp. were only detected in cultured fish. Data on prevalence and intensity of infections and on the location in the host are provided. The potential importance of protozoan parasites for sea bass culture is discussed. 相似文献
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不同饵料对毛蚶幼体发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在毛蚶人工育苗过程中,使用球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻4种藻类的不同组合投喂毛蚶幼体。结果表明,饵料种类越多,变态率越高,生长速度越快;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻搭配(体积比1:1:1:1)变态率为30%,出库需(壳长1 mm)27 d;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1:1)变态率为29%,出库需29 d;球等鞭金藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为24%,出库需31 d;角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为19%,出库需33 d;单一投喂小球藻,变态率为3%,出库需44 d。说明不同饵料间的营养可以互补,多种饵料搭配能为幼体发育提供更全面的营养,饵料多样性是影响幼体培养效果的重要因素。 相似文献
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2014年10月,利用 PCR-DGGE 技术分析了标准化养殖池塘中仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠含物及附着基和底泥中细菌的菌群结构及其相关性。结果显示,仿刺参肠含物、附着基、底泥中细菌多样性较高,分别平均获得30.00±1.00、15.33±1.70、21.67±2.62条带,肠含物中细菌种类数显著高于附着基和底泥。聚类分析和戴斯系数表明,不同池塘的仿刺参肠含物样本单独聚为一支,相似性达到0.785,附着基和底泥样品聚为一支,平均相似性达到0.532。不同样品 DGGE 图谱中20条优势条带的切割、克隆、测序,共获得了20条细菌序列,表明肠含物细菌种类以聚球藻属(Synechococcus sp.)、脱硫杆菌属(Desulfobacterium)、脱硫叠球菌属(Desulfosarcina sp.)、极地杆菌属(Polaribacter)、Algibacter sp.为主,附着基中主要以 Robiginitalea sp.和 Silicibacter sp.为主,底泥样品中主要以假单胞菌属(Proteobacterium）、噬胞菌属(Cytophaga）、Desulfosarcina sp.为主,肠含物中细菌特有种类的分离与鉴定为仿刺参养殖潜在益生菌的开发提供基础数据。 相似文献
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Opportunistic pathogens are abundant in the gut of cultured giant spiny frog (Paa spinosa) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jianguo Xiang Tuoyu He Pengpeng Wang Min Xie Jing Xiang Jiajia Ni 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(5):2033-2041
Pathogen infection poses a serious threat to the survival and commercial quality of cultured Paa spinosa, which provide protection as a substitute for wild P. spinosa. The gut microbiota plays vital roles in host health and immunity. To provide guidance for preventing intestinal diseases of artificial P. spinosa culture, we compared gut microbiota compositions of wild and cultured P. spinosa using high‐throughput sequencing. A total of 11,526 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from 14,043 sequences from each sample. Cetobacterium, PW3 Bacteroides and some unidentified species from Bacteroidales, Rikenellaceae and Clostridiales were significantly increased in the gut microbiota from cultured P. spinosa, whereas Faecalibacterium and unidentified bacteria from Ruminococcaceae were significantly decreased in the gut microbiota from cultured P. spinosa. According to the gut microbiota composition, we hypothesized that the cultured P. spinosa in Jing'an would exhibit a higher risk of pathogenic infection than those in Cili. These results provided a method to forecast the pathogenic infection risk of cultured P. spinosa, which could guide the artificial culture of and prevent diseases in P. spinosa through gut microbiota. 相似文献
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采用常规方法测定了大鳍鳠(Mystusmacropterus)的消化道指数,其比肠长、比胃重、比肠重、比肝胰脏重和比内脏重分别为0.531±0.006、0.014±0.006、0.017±0.003、0.0084±0.0029和0.070±0.011。体重与体长的回归方程Y=0.1238X2.8388(r=0.9949,P<0.01);大鳍鳠的胃、前肠、中肠和后肠中消化液的pH值分别为:3.0～3.8、6.6～7.4、7.2～8.2、7.2～7.9,且消化道各部分具有较高的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性,蛋白酶的活性为中肠>前肠>肝胰脏>后肠>胃;而淀粉酶的活性则为前肠>后肠>中肠>肝胰脏>胃;全鱼和肌肉中粗蛋白的含量分别为62.09±3.8%和68.28±4.6,粗脂肪含量分别为15.33±1.7和21.87±2.9;肌肉中必需氨基酸的含量占氨基酸总量的40.76%,鲜味氨基酸的含量为总氨基酸量的29.70%。综合肌肉的常规营养成分和氨基酸分析的结果,表明大鳍鳠是一种营养价值较高的优质鱼类。 相似文献
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基于2012-2013年在我国南海水域调查获得的黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacores)生物学基础性数据,利用传统胃含物分析方法并结合碳、氮稳定同位素技术对黄鳍金枪鱼摄食习性进行了研究.结果显示,南海黄鳍金枪鱼食物组成包括鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuth is oualaniensis)、枪乌贼属(Uroteuthis)、乌贼属(Sepia)、圆鲹属(Decapterus)、蛇鲭属(Gempylus)、帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)、日本乌鲂(Bramajaponica)、燕鳐属(Cypselurus)、甲壳类动物及不可辨别鱼类等饵料类群,其中,鸢乌贼(IRI=51.07％)、圆鲹属(IRI=39.81％)及不可辨别鱼类(IRI=6.62％)为主要饵料食物.黄鳍金枪鱼的空胃率、平均饱满指数和食物组成都有明显的月变化(P＜0.05).空胃率随叉长组变化呈较明显的上升趋势,各叉长组之间空胃率变化显著(P＜0.05);平均饱满指数随叉长变化较大.当叉长组为130-160 cm时,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H在0.50-1.18之间变化,Pielou均匀度指数J在0.10-0.32之间.基于氮稳定同位素计算的黄鳍金枪鱼各叉长组的平均营养级为3.54. 相似文献
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Abstract. Arctic charr. Salvelinus alpinus (L.), were fed a commercial diet with or without a supplement of 1% chromic oxide (Cr2 O3 ) in fresh water at 8°C for 70 days. Supplementation of the diet with 1% chromic oxide did not affect the lipid composition of stomach contents, but did affect that of the faeces.
Highest total lipid content in faeces was observed when fish were fed on the diet supplemented with chromic oxide. The proportion of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids increased in the neutral lipid fraction. The level of the dietary fatty acids 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1 increased, while 20:1 (n-9), 22:1 (n-11) and 18:2 (n-6) decreased significantly (P < 0·05) compared to the unsupplemented diet.
Total viable counts (TVC) of aerobic microorganisms were somewhat higher in stomach contents when the charr were fed on the unsupplemented diet. In faeces from charr fed the unsupplemented diet, TVC were higher, by a factor of 10 compared to fish fed diet supplemented with chromic oxide. Bacterial composition in stomach content of both rearing groups were dominated by Pseudomonas sp. and Agrobacterium sp., but the number of Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. enhanced in stomach content when the fish were fed on the chromic oxide enriched diet. The faecal bacterial flora were also different between the rearing groups. The predominant bacterial species present in the faeces of fish fed unsupplemented diet were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Aeromonas sp. Other bacterial species isolated included Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Agrobacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp. and Vibrio sp. In contrast, the bacteria flora in faeces of fish fed the chromic oxide diet was dominated by the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.
It is suggested that the use of chromic oxide as a marker in digestibility studies in Arctic charr may not be ideal. 相似文献
Highest total lipid content in faeces was observed when fish were fed on the diet supplemented with chromic oxide. The proportion of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids increased in the neutral lipid fraction. The level of the dietary fatty acids 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1 increased, while 20:1 (n-9), 22:1 (n-11) and 18:2 (n-6) decreased significantly (P < 0·05) compared to the unsupplemented diet.
Total viable counts (TVC) of aerobic microorganisms were somewhat higher in stomach contents when the charr were fed on the unsupplemented diet. In faeces from charr fed the unsupplemented diet, TVC were higher, by a factor of 10 compared to fish fed diet supplemented with chromic oxide. Bacterial composition in stomach content of both rearing groups were dominated by Pseudomonas sp. and Agrobacterium sp., but the number of Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. enhanced in stomach content when the fish were fed on the chromic oxide enriched diet. The faecal bacterial flora were also different between the rearing groups. The predominant bacterial species present in the faeces of fish fed unsupplemented diet were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Aeromonas sp. Other bacterial species isolated included Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Agrobacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp. and Vibrio sp. In contrast, the bacteria flora in faeces of fish fed the chromic oxide diet was dominated by the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.
It is suggested that the use of chromic oxide as a marker in digestibility studies in Arctic charr may not be ideal. 相似文献
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The natural food spectrums of the different size groups of abalone, Haliotis asinina L., from Tawi-Tawi, southern Philippines, were determined by analysis of gut contents. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the feeding and defecation patterns and functional response of the abalone to varying food density under ambient water conditions. Like other tropical haliotids, H. asinina prefers red algae to brown algal species. Eighteen algal species, 72.2% of which are red algae (Rhodophyta), were observed in the gut contents of all size groups of abalone; Laurencia, Hypnea, Amphiroa and Coelothrix are the most frequent food species. Hypnea and Laurencia are also the most abundant food items of H. asinina. A chi-square test indicated that frequency of occurrence (%) of most algal food species in the gut samples is independent of the size of the animal. About 84% of all algal species were observed in the gut contents of small abalone. Haliotis asinina (mean shell length ± SD = 3.48 ± 0.05 cm) showed a distinct nocturnal feeding periodicity and remained cryptic during daylight hours. Feeding activity was intense from 1800 to 0200 h, but it slowed down a few hours before sunrise, resulting in about 11 h of feeding time within a 24-h cycle. Defecation occurred during the feeding period in proportion to the amount of food consumed and faecal production during the night was significantly higher than during the daylight hours. The total daily faecal output was 1.26 mg dry weight abalone–1. The experiments showed that H. asinina (mean shell length ± SD = 3.55 ± 0.02 cm) consumed more food when food density increased in linear proportion to food abundance. However, food consumption levelled off at a food density equivalent to 35% of body weight. 相似文献
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Takeshi Yamamoto Kazuhisa Teruya Takashi Hara Hiroto Hokazono Hiroshi Hashimoto Nobuhiro Suzuki Yasuro Iwashita Hiroyuki Matsunari Hirofumi Furuita Keiichi Mushiake 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1096-1108
To improve the nutritional quality of live foods and dry feeds ordinarily used for the seed production of amberjack Seriola dumerili, the nutrient contents of rotifers, Artemia nauplii and commercial feeds used in two larval production stations were evaluated. For comparison of the nutrient contents,
artificially produced larvae, wild-caught juveniles and wild zooplankton samples were also analyzed. The proportions of 22∶6n-3
in the polar lipid of the cultured larvae increased by feeding the dry feeds. The taurine contents of the cultured larvae
reflected the contents of their foods (rotifers<dry feed<Artemia nauplii). The taurine content and the proportion of 22∶6n-3 in Acartia spp. were higher than in foods fed to the larvae. These parameters in the wild juveniles were higher than the cultured ones.
The A/E ratios [(each essential amino acid/total essential amino acids)×1000] of the total amino acids of the live foods and
dry feeds were similar to those of the cultured larvae, except for the lower ratios of histidine, arginine, threonine and
lysine in the live foods. The mucosal folds of the intestine of the cultured larvae did not show typical signs of dietary
phospholipid deficiency. These results suggest that requirements of nutrients such as 22∶6n-3 and taurine should be determined
for mass production of amberjack seeds. 相似文献
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Abstract. A new myxosporean, Sphaerospora testicularis sp. nov., was found in fresh smears from the organs of wild and cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), and seminal fluid from spermiating cultured males. It is distinguished from all previously reported Sphaerospora spp, by the shape and dimensions of the mature spore, its location and the host and its geographical distribution. Only males were parasitized; 2.5% of the wild fish and 6-25% of the cultured fish were infected. In spermiating cultured males, the prevalence of infection increased progressively from 6-9 to 75% during the study period. The parasite causes destruction of the tubular tissue of testes and a reduction or loss of spermatozoa. 相似文献
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Sigfús Einarsson Dr. P. Spencer Davies Clive Talbot 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1996,15(5):439-446
Pepsin stored in the stomach mucosa of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) increases within two days of the onset of starvation. Trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pyloric caeca/pancreas behave similarly, indicating that when no food is present in the gut, digestive enzymes accumulate in the secretory tissues. As a corollary, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the gut contents fell during starvation, indicating that secretion is greatly reduced when food is not present. At the onset of feeding, pepsin is rapidly synthesised in the mucosal tissues and then secreted. Twenty four hours after feeding, the pepsin levels of the mucosa are still low, suggesting that synthesis may be a rapid response to the presence of food in the stomach. Secretion of trypsin and chymotrypsin appears to take place as soon as digesta enters the intestine, between 4 and 14h after feeding, and resynthesis of enzyme precursors appears to be complete again within a further 11h. It is suggested that both synthesis and release may be under the control of cholecystokinin. 相似文献
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Digestive protease characterization, localization and adaptation in blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Digestive protease in blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach) from whole gut extracts was found to have dual pH optima at pH 3 and 10 and an optimum temperature of 45 °C. Over the biologically relevant range of pH (5–8), protease activity dropped to a minimum at pH 5 (53% of the maximal rate at pH 3) rising gradually and continuously up to (and beyond) pH 8. Over the biologically relevant range of temperatures (9–24 °C), protease activity increased continuously with activity at 24 °C being 75% higher than activity at 9 °C. Protease digestion was relatively uniform in gut extracts from sections containing gut contents. Digestion thus appears to be significantly extracellular (in the lumen of the gut). Analysis of gut sections washed free of food matter suggests the anatomical origin of protease from activity of gut regions in the order: digestive gland » salivary gland ≈ stomach > crop > intestine > upper oesophagus. Whole gut protease levels did not alter in response to a high protein artificial diet. 相似文献
16.
Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):58-66
This work was carried out to study the relationship between fish weight and natural food selectivity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) reared in earthen ponds without supplementary diet and to guide the adaptation of feeding and fertilization strategies. Fish were stocked (1.5 fish/m2) in four fertilized earthen ponds (0.1 ha) for 6 months. Fifty fish were sampled monthly to estimate individual total weight and length and evaluate stomach contents. Fish specimens were categorized into different weight classes: <25 g, 25–50 g, 50–75 g, 75–100 g, and 100–125 g. Overall, the 50–75 g weight class had the highest degree of stomach fullness. The intestinal length-fish length ratio was similar across all fish weights, ranging from 2.9–3.4. Likewise, the composition of food items found in fish stomach was ranked as phytoplankton > detritus > zooplankton. Phytoplankton contribution to gut content increased with increasing fish weight, while detritus and zooplankton contribution decreased. Zooplankton never exceeded 1% of total stomach contents. Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae mostly represented the phytoplankton. Bacillariophyceae dominated the phytoplanktonic portion of stomach contents at small fish size (<75 g/fish), while Chlorophyceae is the dominant group at large fish size (> 75 g/fish). Fish could select Cyanobacteria and Euglenophyceae at all fish weights, meanwhile Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were eaten with slight selectivity at larger weights.. 相似文献
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分析了野生与人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼肝脏、背肌及卵中硒、铁、锰、铜、铬、镉和铅等微量元素的含量。结果表明,野生褐牙鲆亲鱼肝脏中硒、铁含量均显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),铜含量则显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),其他各元素间均未见显著差异(P>0.05);野生褐牙鲆亲鱼背肌中除硒和锰的含量显著高于养殖亲鱼外(P<0.05),其他各元素含量均基本保持恒定(P>0.05);野生褐牙鲆亲鱼卵中硒、铁和锰的含量均显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05),其中硒的含量约为养殖亲鱼的1.7倍,铁的含量约为养殖亲鱼的2.0倍,而锰含量则为养殖亲鱼的2.8倍。养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼卵中镉含量与野生亲鱼相比高出78%(P<0.05)。两种亲鱼卵中铜、镉、铅3种重金属含量均未见显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Kužir S Gjurčević E Nejedli S Baždarić B Kozarić Z 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(3):625-633
Diet-related differences between the ratio of intestine length to body size and the enzymatic activity in the intestinal tract of wild and reared European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) were studied. Compared with reared eel, wild eel showed significantly shorter relative intestine length. For the purpose of histochemical examination, different parts (anterior, middle and posterior) of intestine proper were used. Activities of non-specific esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and aminopeptidase were examined in each segment. All enzymes were present in the intestines of both wild and reared European eel. Fish from both groups showed similar enzyme distribution within the enterocytes, but distribution and intensity of enzyme activity along the intestine vary depending on the group. Generally, reared European eel showed highest enzymatic activity and wider distribution of enzymes throughout all parts of the intestine. These results suggest that different diets could be one of the reasons for observed changes. 相似文献
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Pacific threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) and bluefin trevally Caranx melampygus (Cuvier 1833) are warmwater marine finfish currently under development for aquaculture in the Pacific. Differences in specific activities of digestive enzymes extracted from the stomach and mid-gut were compared to gain insight into their feeding habits in the wild and to understand their nutritional needs. Adult fish were maintained in captivity and fed a commercial pelleted feed. Serine protease measured in all tissues was at least 20 times higher in threadfin than in trevally. Aspartic proteases were the major digestive enzymes found in trevally. There was a 34-fold increase in collagenase activity in the intestine of threadfin from the prefed to the fed state. Chitinase activity was found in the stomach, pylorus and intestine of both species. However, specific activity in pylorus and intestine of threadfin increased 2.75 and 4 times, respectively, but showed little change in trevally. Amlyases were found only in trevally. Increase in lipase specific activity in the gut of trevally was higher than that for threadfin. The results indicated that the two species have diverse digestive capabilities. This appears to be consistent with their feeding habits in nature. Threadfin are more adapted to a wider range of food protein sources than trevally, but appear to be less well adapted than trevally to using complex carbohydrates. These observations may provide a basis for practical diet formulations for these two species. 相似文献