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肠道微生物在宿主的生理活动、免疫调节以及健康方面均有重要的作用。尽管已有报道表明高原鼠兔肠道菌群和食物、环境有关,但对于野生和室内饲养条件下,取食不同食物的高原鼠兔肠道菌群是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术比较夏季野生和室内饲养高原鼠兔的肠道菌群发现,与野生鼠兔相比,室内鼠兔有更高丰度的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和螺旋体门(Spirochetes),更低丰度的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。野生和室内饲养的鼠兔肠道共有的操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs)有50.1%是重叠的,而49.9%的OTUs是各自特有的。野生和室内饲养肠道菌群的组成和群落结构(β多样性)有显著性差异。因此,室内饲养鼠兔不能有效反映野生状态下高原鼠兔肠道菌群的情况。 相似文献
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在甘肃省天祝藏族自治县采集12只达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus),PCR产物直接测序获得Cyt b基因1140bp序列,采用Clustal X 1.84、MEGA 6.0、Dna SP 5.0等生物信息学软件进行了序列特征和系统地位分析。结果显示,达乌尔黄鼠Cyt b基因含116个多态信息位点,群体中多态位点类型有转换、颠换,Cyt b基因T,C,A,G碱基含量分别为33.7%,25.9%,27.6%,12.9%。基于Kimura双参数的遗传距离显示,属内种间大黄鼠(Spermophilus major)与新疆黄鼠(Spermophilus fulvus)间遗传距离最小(0.034),高加索黄鼠(Spermophilus musicus)与达乌尔黄鼠最大(0.172),达乌尔黄鼠群体内遗传距离为0.140,种群分化较大,基于NJ法构建的系统进化树符合传统分类标准,研究为达乌尔黄鼠Cyt b基因标记的种群遗传学应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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本试验采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法探究不同饲养密度对笼养海兰灰蛋鸡十二指肠肠道菌群的影响。随机选取1 250只11周龄海兰灰蛋鸡,按照不同饲养密度随机分为5个组:A组900 cm2/只、B组675 cm2/只、C组540 cm2/只、D组450 cm2/只、E组380 cm2/只,每个组内50个重复。5个组均在相同的环境和饲养管理模式下进行饲养。分别于16、26、50周龄时,在每个组中随机选取5只鸡,取十二指肠内容物,用PCR-DGGE法进行肠道菌群分析。结果表明,在同一个饲养密度内,随着饲养周龄的增加笼养蛋鸡十二指肠肠道菌群结构相似系数逐渐减小;16周龄时高密度组与低密度组之间十二指肠肠道菌群结构相似性很高,即肠道菌群结构差异较小;26和50周龄时高密度组与低密度组之间十二指肠肠道菌群结构相似性很低,即肠道菌群结构差异很大。由此可见,随着饲养周龄的增加笼养蛋鸡十二指肠肠道菌群结构差异增大;2种有益菌(Lactobacillus gastricus和Lactobacillus alvi)在高饲养密度组(D组和E组)中消失,饲养密度高于450 cm2/只对笼养蛋鸡十二指肠肠道菌群结构具有不利的影响。 相似文献
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本文简要介绍达乌尔黄鼠的形态特征、生活习性、活动规律、繁殖特征、栖息场所与洞型构造、食性分析和分布等情况,为达乌尔黄鼠的实验动物化研究提供理论基础和条件保障。 相似文献
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本文研究了达乌尔黄鼠东北亚种的骨髓细胞染色体组型和Ｇ－带带型。确定其染色体数为２ｎ＝３６，各染色体有其特有Ｇ－带带型。 相似文献
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为研究人工饲料对柞蚕幼虫肠道菌群组成、多样性特征及菌群功能的影响,收集从收蚁开始分别饲育柞树叶和人工饲料至2龄时期的柞蚕肠道样品,通过高通量测序技术对其肠道微生物进行分析,并采用Tax4Fun软件预测菌群潜在功能。结果发现,不同饲育组柞蚕幼虫肠道菌群结构存在显著差异,人工饲料组柞蚕幼虫肠道菌群多样性低于柞树叶组。肠道菌群功能预测结果显示,人工饲料组肠道菌群中翻译、复制和修复、能量代谢、辅助因子和维生素代谢等功能基因丰度显著升高,在碳水化合物代谢、膜运输等功能基因丰度显著降低。结果表明人工饲料显著改变了柞蚕肠道的菌群结构组成,并影响其代谢功能,这些变化可能与柞蚕幼虫生长缓慢、体质量减轻有关。 相似文献
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为探讨典型草原主要食草动物绵羊(Ovis aries)、达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus)和亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)的食性及其种间生态位变化与草原退化的关系,以内蒙古典型草原为研究对象,于2003年7-8月运用饱和链烷技术研究大针茅(Stipa grandis)群落不同放牧强度下绵羊、达乌尔黄鼠和亚洲小车蝗的食性及其生态位变化.结果表明:随牧压的增大,群落中羊草(Leymus chinensis)和大针茅的数量减少,糙隐子草(Cleisto-genes squarrosa)和猪毛菜(Salsola collina)比例增加;绵羊、达乌尔黄鼠、亚洲小车蝗3种食草动物采食的牧草种类和比例存在一定的差异,但同时采食羊草、猪毛菜和大针茅时优先采食羊草;随牧压的增大,达乌尔黄鼠和亚洲小车蝗的生态位宽度变宽,且在放牧区绵羊的生态位宽度最大,三者生态位重叠程度类似.放牧改变了大针茅群落的植被组成,使其演替为糙隐子草群落,3种食草动物对草地资源存在激烈的竞争,因此,控制鼠、虫的种群密度,防止鼠、虫害的发生对保证放牧家畜的食物安全具有十分重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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不同饲养模式对哈萨克马肠道菌群有何影响鲜有报道,本文通过对比自由放牧和圈养状态下哈萨克马粪便菌群组成和标志物种,揭示哈萨克马肠道菌群在不同饲养模式下的波动性变化。采集自由放牧和圈养条件下各5匹哈萨克马的新鲜粪便,利用高通量测序技术分析哈萨克马肠道菌群组成、功能途径等。结果显示,放牧组肠道菌群多样性显著高于圈养组（Shannon指数,P<0.05;Simpson指数,P<0.01）;放牧组标志物种显著多于圈养组。在门水平上,放牧组和圈养组的厚壁菌门（76.10%;78.08%）和拟杆菌门（17.16%;15.72%）丰度较高,均占总菌群的93%以上。在科水平上,放牧组以分解/发酵纤维素的菌群（瘤胃球菌科,30.44%;毛螺菌科,21.96%;艰难杆菌科,4.86%）为主;圈养组中分解/发酵纤维素的瘤胃球菌科（28.73%）和毛螺菌科（14.51%）以及消化淀粉类碳水化合物的链球菌科（15.08%）为优势菌科,且链球菌科的丰度显著高于放牧组（P<0.05）。对功能基因序列进行功能注释时,77.44%的序列被注释为“代谢”。结果表明,由不同饲养模式介导的两组中,自由放牧组菌群多样性高于圈养组,且菌群消化类型更为统一,两组肠道菌群组成存在整体性差异,这些为进一步研究哈萨克马肠道菌群奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究人工养殖对尼罗罗非鱼肠道菌群的影响。研究采用16S rDNA测序方法对野生（YS）和人工养殖（YZ）尼罗罗非鱼的肠道内容物进行测序,分析比较两者肠道菌群生物丰富度及多样性差异。结果表明,在野生环境下,尼罗罗非鱼肠道中Actinobacteriota、Proteobacteria和Firmicutes为主要优势菌群;在人工养殖环境下,Actinobacteriota、Proteobacteria和Cyanobacteria为主要优势菌群。肠道菌群多样性的分析表明,YZ组群落多样性指数低于YS组（P<0.05）。门水平上,YZ组的Proteobacteria、Acidobacteriota、Bacteroidota和NB1-j菌门低于YS组（P<0.01或P<0.05）,Cyanobacteria、Dependentiae高于YS组（P<0.01或P<0.05）。属水平上,YZ组的norank＿f＿norank＿o＿Chloroplast、 Mycobacterium、 Paeniclostridium、 IMCC26207、 Methylocys... 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献13.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1982 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(7):227-229
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Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献16.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献18.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
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In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
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