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1.
未来气候情景下西藏地区的干湿状况变化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
旱灾是西藏地区重要的气象灾害之一,每年均有不同程度的发生,对农牧业生产的影响极大,气候变化背景下开展西藏地区干湿状况变化趋势的预测研究对于预防和减轻该区干旱所造成的损失具有重要意义。选取区域气候模式PRECIS输出的未来A2气候情景（2011-2050年）以及基准气候条件（1961-1990年）逐日资料,利用联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的Penman-Monteith方法计算了参考作物蒸散量,基于湿润指数,按照中国气候区划中的干湿指标把西藏分为干旱、半干旱、半湿润、湿润4个气候区,预估了西藏地区2011-2050年干湿状况时空变化趋势。结果表明：与基准气候条件相比,未来A2气候变化背景下,除零星地区外,2011-2050年西藏地区降水量、参考作物蒸散量均呈增加趋势,且参考作物蒸散量增加的幅度小于降水量增加的幅度,但地区间差异都很显著;未来40a西藏气候总体上呈暖湿化趋势,干旱、半干旱区的缩小趋势非常明显,且年平均气温上升的幅度远远大于湿润指数增加的幅度,环境水热要素相对提高,干旱化程度在逐步减小,较利于生态环境的改善;但是,不同气候区在不同时段干湿状况变化趋势不同。2021-2030年干旱、半干旱地区的缩小趋势以及湿润、半湿润的扩大趋势都很明显;2031-2040年、2041-2050年,干旱、湿润区的缩小趋势以及半干旱、半湿润的扩大趋势均很明显。 相似文献
2.
1975－2004年中国湿润指数时空变化特征 总被引：42，自引：8，他引：34
研究湿润指数的长期变化有助于了解在全球变暖背景下气候干湿状况的演变特征及正确评价农业气候资源并合理有效进行农业气候区划。依据中国616个地面气象台站1975年至2004年的日气象资料,利用联合国粮农组织推荐的参考蒸散计算方法,计算参考作物蒸散（ET0）和湿润指数（W）,按照中国气候区划中的干湿指标把中国分为极干旱、干旱、半干旱、半湿润和湿润气候区, 并与传统的降水量干湿指标进行对比,揭示在全球气候变化下两种干湿指标的异同,最后对中国近30 a干湿状况进行时空分析。结果表明,中国参考作物蒸散 总量变化在800～1600 mm之间,西北最大,东北最小;与传统的等降水量线对比,Penman-Monteith湿润指数能够更好地表征中国的干湿状况,尤其在过湿、过干地区和东北地区。不同地区湿润指数等值线波动情况不同,中国的西南地区干湿分布状况比较稳定,西北极干旱区的干湿分布稳定性最差;中国湿润化地区增多,但是干旱化程度和进程却大于湿润化地区,中西部干旱化严重。 相似文献
3.
广东省气候干湿状况及其变化特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
随着全球气候变暖,全球及区域性水分平衡、干湿状况及其时空特征将发生变化,有关在气候变暖大背景下区域水分循环及干湿状况的变化成为研究热点。本文根据广东省86个气象站资料,利用FAO推荐的Penman—Monteith公式计算了该地区1954—2005年逐日潜在蒸散量,采用国家标准（BG／T20481—2006）《气象干旱等级》推荐的相对湿润度指数（MI）对全省进行干湿状况评价,分析降水量、潜在蒸散和相对湿润度指数的时空分布和变化规律。结果表明：（1）广东总体较为湿润,但干湿状况空间分布不均。MI的空间分布特征与降水一致,即以恩平、龙门和海丰为三个相对湿润中心。（2）MI季节变化主要受降水影响,呈明显的汛期、非汛期特征。（3）春季和秋季平均MI均呈纬向分布,但变化趋势相反：春季干旱南部重于北部;秋季干旱北部重于南部。全省秋旱重于春旱。（4）近50a来MI呈缓慢减小趋势,即广东地表干湿状况总体呈缓慢暖干趋势。研究结果对于应对气候变化,开发利用气候资源,调整种植区划和农业生产布局具有参考价值。 相似文献
4.
1961－2014年中国干湿气候时空变化特征及成因分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
利用全国701个气象站点1961-2014年逐日地面观测资料,基于降水量和参考作物蒸散量(ET0)计算的湿润指数研究了近54a中国干湿气候时空变化特征,并利用敏感性和贡献率法分析了气候变化背景下主要气象因子对ET0的影响,对干湿气候变化的成因进行了探讨.结果表明:全国气候在3个时间段(时段1:1961-1980;时段2:1981-2000;时段3:2001-2014)中经历了变湿到变干的过程;不同地区干湿状况变化差异很大,干旱趋势主要发生在中国的半干旱半湿润气候区;1961-2014年降水量变化趋势不显著,ET0呈显著下降的趋势,61.6%的站点出现"蒸发悖论"现象.南方大部分地区和新疆的西北部由于降水量增加和ET0减少,气候变湿;西北和西南大部分地区由于年降水量减少和ET0增加,气候呈显著变干的趋势.ET0对相对湿度的变化最敏感,风速的负贡献率是引起ET0变化的主导因子.研究时段内风速和日照时数的减少对ET0的负效应超过温度上升对ET0的增大作用,导致全国ET0总体呈下降趋势. 相似文献
5.
近57年中国北方气候干湿变化及与太平洋年代际振荡的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国北方424个气象站点1960—2016年逐日地面观测资料,应用联合国粮农组织(FAO)Penman-Monteith模型计算潜在蒸散(ET0),基于降水量和潜在蒸散计算的湿润指数研究了1960—2016年中国北方干湿气候时空变化特征,分析了太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)对气候干湿变化的影响。结果表明:北方总体干湿变化不显著,空间上表现为西北、青藏高原、内蒙古湿润化而华北干旱化的特征。极端干旱区面积显著缩小,干旱区、半干旱区则明显扩张,表明气候敏感区域在扩张。极端干旱区和干旱区显著变湿润,半干旱区有变湿润的趋势。1960—1990年至1991—2016年,北方经历了变湿润的过程。西北西部、青藏高原湿润化趋势明显,极端干旱—干旱区的界线呈西界东移、南北界线收缩的变化。干旱化趋势主要发生在华北和东北部分地区,华北黄河沿线一带半干旱—半湿润区界线向东南方向扩张。东北中部和西北西部由于降水增加而ET0减少,气候变湿润。华北中西部、内蒙古东部和东北部分地区降水减少、ET0增加,气候变干旱。在PDO暖位相,西北、东北北部及内蒙古东部地区地表气候偏湿润;在PDO冷位相,地表气候偏干旱。而华北则相反。 相似文献
6.
选取区域气候模式PRECIS输出的未来A2和B2气候情景(2071-2100年)及基准气候条件(1961-1990年)气象要素资料,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的方法和侯光良法等分析四川盆地冬小麦生育期内主要气候资源(≥0℃积温、日照时数、降水量、参考作物蒸散量和缺水率)和冬小麦生产潜力(光合、光温和气候生产潜力)的时空变化特征。结果表明,与基准气候条件相比,在A2和B2情景下,2071-2100年冬小麦生育期内≥0℃积温、日照时数和参考作物蒸散量在四川盆地大部地区呈增加趋势。A2情景下,2071-2100年降水量在盆南和绵阳部分地区呈减少趋势,而在其它地区呈增加趋势;缺水率在盆地大部地区呈增加趋势。B2情景下,2071-2100年降水量在盆地大部呈减少趋势,仅在川东北地区呈增加趋势;缺水率在大部地区呈增加趋势。未来四川盆地大部地区冬小麦受干旱灾害的风险加大。在A2和B2情景下,2071-2100年盆地大部地区冬小麦光合、光温和气候生产潜力呈增加趋势,未来四川盆地气候资源变化对冬小麦的增产有利。 相似文献
7.
吐鲁番地区气候变化对参考作物蒸散量的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
新疆吐鲁番盆地是中国气候最干旱、水资源最紧缺的地区之一,农业用水完全依赖于山区径流和地下水的灌溉。研究在气候变化背景下的参考作物蒸散量的变化,对制定科学合理的水资源管理技术方案具有重要意义。根据吐鲁番地区4个气象台站1959-2007年的历史气候资料以及联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的Pen-man-Monteith公式计算各地逐年参考作物蒸散量,采用线性回归、Morlet小波和Mann-Kendall突变检测等方法,分析近49a各站年平均气温、降水量、日照时数、年平均风速和空气相对湿度等气候要素以及年参考作物蒸散量的变化趋势和变化特征,据此分析参考作物蒸散量变化的气候成因。结果表明：①近49a吐鲁番地区年平均气温和空气相对湿度呈升高趋势,日照时数和年平均风速呈减小的趋势,降水量变化不明显;②年参考作物蒸散量与上述各气候要素均具有较好的相关关系（p〈0.1）,其中与年平均风速、空气相对湿度、降水量和平均气温的相关性最为密切（p〈0.01）。受上述各气候要素变化的综合影响,近49a吐鲁番地区的参考作物蒸散量总体呈明显的减小趋势（P〈0.01）,这对降低农作物需水量和农田灌溉量具有重要影响;③突变检测表明,吐鲁番地区年平均气温在1970年发生了突变性升高,年平均风速在1965年发生了突变性减小,参考作物蒸散量在1968年发生了突变性减小,其它气候要素未发生突变;④各气候要素和参考作物蒸散量分别存在准2～8a的年际尺度和16～24a的年代际尺度的周期性变化。 相似文献
8.
评估预测区域蒸散变化趋势及其影响因素对干旱半干旱区的可持续发展至关重要。基于4种来自CMIP 5的全球气候模式数据和CLM 4.5模型,研究了在RCP 6.0和RCP 8.5情景下内蒙古地区2020—2099年的蒸散和产水量的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：在RCP 6.0和RCP 8.5情景下,未来内蒙古蒸散分别以0.37,0.69 mm/a速度增加（p<0.05）,呈西低东高分布。2种情景下产水量均无明显变化趋势（p>0.05）,但是存在明显显著的空间差异。空间上看,到21世纪末,在RCP 6.0情景下,全境产水量大部分地区呈增加趋势,在南部温带半干旱和半湿润区增加超过10 mm/a;但是在RCP 8.5情景下产水量减少区域占全境的46.32%,特别是干旱半干旱区和半湿润区产水量显著减少。蒸散影响因子存在较大区域差异,干旱半干旱区蒸散变化的主要影响因素是降水,半湿润区蒸散变化受降水和温度的共同影响,湿润区蒸散变化由温度主导;且在更高的升温情景下,增温影响进一步增加。同时,植被也是蒸散重要的影响因子,但其影响程度小于气候因子。 相似文献
9.
松嫩平原干旱变化特征及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农业气象》2015,(5)
利用松嫩平原36个气象站点1961-2013年气象数据,选用相对湿润度指数作为干旱指标,探讨年尺度和季节尺度干旱的时空分布特征,并分析其与气候要素间的关系。结果表明:(1)从年尺度来看,1961-2013年松嫩平原年平均相对湿润度指数呈极显著递减(P0.01)趋势,说明干旱逐年加重,且中旱级别以上干旱的发生范围逐年扩大;(2)春季和秋季相对湿润度指数呈极显著递减趋势(P0.01),干旱加重的速度秋季大于春季,干旱范围存在扩大的趋势,近30a冬季相对湿润度指数呈显著递增趋势,存在干旱减缓和发生范围缩小的变化趋势。各季相对湿润度指数均呈现从西南向东北递增的变化趋势,西南部是重旱区域和高发生频率的重叠区;(3)相对湿润度与气温、太阳辐射呈负相关,与相对湿度、风速、降水量呈正相关。年尺度的相对湿润度与降水量、风速和气温呈极显著相关,各季相对湿润度与降水量、太阳辐射和相对湿度也表现出较强的相关性。 相似文献
10.
1960-2011年河西走廊地表干湿状况的时空变化及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为了探讨河西走廊地区地表干湿状况对气候变化的响应。[方法]利用河西走廊地区14个气象站1960—2011年逐日气象数据,基于FAO推荐的Penman—Monteith模型计算河西走廊各气象站的参考蒸散量和湿润指数,采用Sen’s斜率和Mann—Kendall趋势检验方法,分析河西地区地表干湿的时空变化特征,探讨影响湿润指数变化的主导因子。[结果]河西走廊地表多年平均干湿指数为0.00~0.56,且52a来河西走廊湿润指数整体呈增加趋势;湿润指数的变化具有明显地域性差异。各季节湿润指数亦整体呈增加趋势,以冬季增幅最大,秋、春次之,而夏季变化最小。[结论]河西走廊地区气候属于干旱,52a来湿润指数略有增大,其主要原因是降水的增加和风速的减小。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献