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1.
褪黑激素促进水貂冬皮早熟的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
１９９４年进行了应用东北林业大学野生动物繁殖实验室研制的新型褪黑激亲（ＭＴ）植入物促进水貂冬皮早熟的研究。对２９３只成年和当年产水貂用ＭＴ植入物处理。试验结果表明，这种新型ＭＴ植入物的应用是安全而有效的。水貂用ＭＴ植入物处理后，表现食欲旺盛，死亡率降低。成年水貂在６月１５日用含５ｍｇＭＴ植入物处理，冬皮在１０月４日成熟．比正常对照组提早２个月。当年产幼水貂在７月１５日用含５ｍｇＭＴ或６ｍｇＭＴ植入物处理，或在７月２０日用含６ｍｇＭＴ的植入物处理，冬皮分别在１０月２０日和１０月１５日成熟，其提前天数分别为４０ｄ和５２ｄ。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮泛酸添加水平对冬毛生长期水貂生产性能、血清生化指标及毛囊发育的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选用(140±5)日龄、平均体重(1.94±0.19)kg的健康雄性短毛黑水貂60只,随机分成6组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。基础饲粮中泛酸含量为8.91 mg/kg,各组饲粮泛酸添加水平分别为0(Ⅰ组,对照组)、10(Ⅱ组)、20(Ⅲ组)、30(Ⅳ组)、40(Ⅴ组)、80 mg/kg(Ⅵ组)。预试期5 d,正试期65 d。结果表明:1)Ⅵ组水貂鲜皮重显著高于Ⅰ~Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。2)随着饲粮泛酸添加水平的增加,Ⅰ~Ⅴ组血清泛酸含量逐渐增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅵ组血清泛酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);各组之间肝脏泛酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)Ⅲ组血清球蛋白(GLOB)含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅴ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清胆固醇(CHO)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量极显著低于Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ组冬毛生长前期血清褪黑激素含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组极显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。Ⅲ组冬毛生长后期血清褪黑激素含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)Ⅵ组毛囊深度显著高于Ⅳ组(P<0.05),极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01);各组毛囊密度和次级毛囊密度/初级毛囊密度无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮泛酸添加水平为20 mg/kg时(饲粮中总泛酸含量为28.91 mg/kg),水貂皮长增加2.37%,同时增加了血清GLOB含量,降低了血清CHO和HDL-C含量;饲粮泛酸添加水平为80 mg/kg时(饲粮中总泛酸含量为88.91 mg/kg),降低了水貂冬毛生长前期血清褪黑激素含量,增加了毛囊深度,增加了水貂鲜皮重。  相似文献   

3.
实验性水貂链球菌病研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
给水貂人工接种从患病水貂分离的链球菌ＭＳＺ株（Ｃ群）后，采集心、肝、脾、肾、脑和肌肉等器官组织制成标本，用光镜和荧光显微镜观察的结果为，本菌定位的靶器官为脾、肝、肺和心。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在通过研究饲粮中半胱胺对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,确定饲粮中半胱胺的适宜添加水平和添加方式。试验采用双因子试验设计,选取56只(86±5)日龄、体重相近的健康雌性短毛黑水貂,随机分为7个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加60、90、120 mg/kg半胱胺,添加方式为连续添加;Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组分别在基础饲粮中添加60、90、120 mg/kg半胱胺,添加方式为间隔添加(连续添加1周,间隔1周)。预试期7 d,正试期53 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加半胱胺极显著影响水貂的平均日采食量和料重比(P0.01),对平均日增重无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组料重比极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P0.01);平均日增重以Ⅴ组最高,间隔添加组高于连续添加组。2)饲粮中添加半胱胺显著影响水貂的粗蛋白质消化率和粗脂肪消化率(P0.05),极显著影响干物质消化率(P0.01),且均以Ⅴ组最高。半胱胺添加方式极显著影响水貂的干物质消化率(P0.01),间隔添加组极显著高于连续添加组(P0.01)。3)饲粮中添加半胱胺显著或极显著影响水貂的氮代谢指标(P0.05或P0.01)。Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组氮沉积显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),且以Ⅴ组最高。半胱胺添加方式极显著影响水貂的食入氮含量、尿氮排出量、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值(P0.01)。间隔添加组水貂的食入氮含量和尿氮排出量极显著低于连续添加组(P0.01);间隔添加组的氮沉积显著低于连续添加组(P0.05);间隔添加组的净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值极显著高于连续添加组(P0.01)。半胱胺添加水平显著影响水貂的粪氮排出量(P0.05),90 mg/kg组水貂的粪氮排出量显著低于60 mg/kg组(P0.05)。综合各项指标,育成期水貂饲粮中半胱胺的适宜添加水平为60 mg/kg,适宜添加方式为间隔添加。  相似文献   

5.
Histomonas meleagridis infection of turkeys is usually accompanied by a severe disease with unspecific clinical symptoms but with distinct pathological lesions in the ceca and liver. In the literature some macro- and microscopic evidence of the spread of histomonads to the other organs has been provided. The aim of the present investigations was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to demonstrate the dissemination of H. meleagridis DNA to different organs after natural and experimental infection of meat turkeys. Samples from several organs were collected from a meat-turkey flock, which proved to be naturally infected with histomoniasis, and examined for histomonad DNA by real-time PCR. Histomonad DNA was detected in all investigated ceca, livers, spleens, kidneys, and pooled brain swabs. Additionally it was found in 75% of investigated samples from bursae of Fabricius, in 50% of investigated duodenums, and in 40% of investigated jejunum samples. After experimental intracloacal infection of 3-wk-old turkey poults with 147,500 histomonads, similar samples were collected from all turkeys that died. After a 3-wk observation period the surviving birds, as well as the noninfected control group, were euthanatized and samples were taken. During the entire experimental period, 10 birds out the 20 infected birds died. Histomonad DNA was detected in all investigated ceca, livers, lungs, and hearts (100%) and almost all kidneys (90%) and bursae of Fabricius (80%). On the other hand, only 30% of examined spleens and 10% of brain samples revealed positive results. Surviving infected birds were euthanatized and necropsied; histomonad DNA was found in one out of 10 livers but not in any ceca. Also, histomonad DNA could not be detected in examined cecal and lung samples from the noninfected control group.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether the amount of Cu added to the diet of rats can be reduced without adversely affecting the antioxidant status of tissues and growth, and whether copper nanoparticles can be used for this purpose. For four weeks, four experimental groups of rats were fed diets with two dosages of added Cu (standard—6.5 or 3.25 mg/kg) in two forms (standard—CuCO3 or copper nanoparticles). Replacing the CuCO3 supplement with CuNPs resulted in a decreased lung weight and an increased Cu content in brain, kidney and lung, intensification of lipid peroxidation processes, and weakened antioxidant defence in the lungs and kidneys. This treatment also reduced the Cu content in heart, level of lipid oxidation in the liver and testes and improved antioxidant defence in the brain. Reducing the addition of Cu to the diet from 6.5 to 3.25 mg/kg reduced lung weight and increased lipid peroxidation in the liver, heart and lungs, and also weakened antioxidant defence in the lungs and testes. This treatment also weakened the lipid peroxidation process in the spleen, small intestine and brain and strengthened the antioxidant defence of the brain and kidneys. In conclusion, replacing CuCO3 with CuNPs and reducing the level of Cu in the diet of rats has a particularly unfavourable effect on the respiratory system, causing adverse changes in the lungs. However, these treatments have a clearly positive effect on the redox status of the liver and brain.  相似文献   

7.
The pathogenesis of a pigeon isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus in a local breed of pigeons in the Sudan was tested. The spores inoculated intravenously resulted in an acute disease with 100% of mortality within six days. At necropsy, pinpoint and miliary lesions were prominent in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Histopathological examination detected lesions in the liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen and brain. Hyphae and/or spores were encountered in all these organs. The presence of A. fumigatus was confirmed by reisolation from the liver, lungs and kidneys.  相似文献   

8.
A feed loading experiment was applied in 2 phases to 45 young cocks over 12 weeks, using 1,2-N,N-bis(methylmercury)-p-toluolsulphamide-dressed wheat (50% of base ration). Investigations were conducted to study the effects of selenium supplementation (0,2 mg Se as sodium selenite/l drinking water) on biochemical and hematological parameters (calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, activity of alkaline phosphatase, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leucocyte count) as well as on parameters relating to toxicological residues (selenium and mercury levels in liver, musculature and kidneys). Statistically secured differences were found to exist between the experimental groups with regard to selenium and mercury in the liver and mercury concentrations in kidneys. Possible interrelationships were discussed.  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)水平对冬毛期雄性水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,以明确冬毛期水貂饲粮CP和EE的适宜水平。试验采用2×3因子试验设计,即2个CP水平(32%和36%)和3个EE水平(10%、20%和30%),共配制6种试验饲粮。选取84只(120±5)日龄健康雄性水貂,随机分成6组,每组14个重复,每个重复1只。预试期7 d,正试期85 d。结果表明:32%CP组水貂平均日增重(ADG)、蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率、碳水化合物消化率及氮代谢各指标均显著或极显著低于36%CP组(P0.05或P0.01)。30%EE组水貂末重、ADG和氮沉积含量显著或极显著高于10%EE组(P0.05或P0.01);30%EE组水貂平均日采食量、料重比、干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率、碳水化合物消化率、食入氮含量和粪氮排出量显著或极显著低于10%EE组(P0.05或P0.01)。饲粮CP和EE水平对水貂脂肪消化率有显著交互作用(P0.05)。综合以上指标,在本试验条件下,饲粮CP水平为36%、EE水平为20%或30%时,冬毛期水貂可获得较佳的生长性能,且能够提高水貂对蛋白质的利用率。  相似文献   

10.
Self-biting behavior (SBB) is a serious behavioral disorder in farmed minks, but little is known about the biological basis of this disorder. The present study examined for the first time the hepatic and cerebral oxidative stress biomarker levels in SBB minks and compared them with those in normal ones to study the association of oxidative stress and SBB in minks. Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase) activities were also determined to investigate whether the Ca2+ pump in brain is affected. Twenty male SBB minks and 20 male normal minks were chosen in December. The brain and liver of each mink were harvested immediately after slaughter to test oxidative stress biomarkers. All parameters were determined by using a spectrophotometer. Our findings were as follows: SBB minks produced more malondialdehyde with 51% increase in brain (P < 0.01) and 22% increase in liver (P < 0.01) compared with normal minks. Similarly, the hepatic and cerebral protein carbonyls in SBB minks were 18.5% (P < 0.01) and 30% higher (P < 0.001), respectively. Glutathione peroxidase activities in brain and catalase activities in both tissues of SBB minks were markedly lower than those of normal group (P < 0.01). However, SBB minks had higher total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD activities in both tissues (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Significant depletion of glutathione and vitamin E levels were observed in SBB minks (P < 0.01 or P <0 .05). Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activities in the brain of SBB minks were inhibited (P < 0.01). Our results supported the oxidative stress hypothesis in minks with SBB.  相似文献   

11.
本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质和脂肪水平颗粒料对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢和毛皮品质的影响。选择(135±5)日龄的健康雄性水貂72只,随机分成6组,每组12只。采用双因子试验设计,分别按34%粗蛋白质、18%粗脂肪(Ⅰ组),34%粗蛋白质、16%粗脂肪(Ⅱ组),32%粗蛋白质、18%粗脂肪(Ⅲ组),32%粗蛋白质、16%粗脂肪(Ⅳ组),30%粗蛋白质、18%粗脂肪(Ⅴ组),30%粗蛋白质、16%粗脂肪(Ⅵ组)配制6种试验饲粮,并制成颗粒料。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组水貂的平均日增重(ADG)极显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅵ组(P0.01);18%脂肪组水貂的末重显著高于16%脂肪组(P0.05),18%脂肪组水貂的ADG极显著高于16%脂肪组(P0.01)。Ⅵ组水貂的蛋白质消化率极显著低于其他各组(P0.01);18%脂肪组水貂的蛋白质消化率极显著高于16%脂肪组(P0.01);34%和32%蛋白质组水貂的蛋白质消化率极显著高于30%蛋白质组(P0.01)。Ⅱ组水貂的氮沉积和蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组水貂的净蛋白质利用率显著高于Ⅵ组(P0.05);饲粮脂肪水平对水貂的氮代谢相关指标未产生显著影响(P0.05),饲粮蛋白质水平显著影响了水貂的净蛋白质利用率(P0.05)。34%和32%蛋白质组水貂的活体长显著高于30%蛋白质组(P0.05);34%蛋白质水貂的皮长显著高于30%蛋白质组(P0.05),但饲粮脂肪、蛋白质水平及两者的交互作用对水貂的皮长没有产生显著影响(P0.05)。综合试验结果得出:饲粮脂肪水平影响冬毛期水貂的末重,而饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期水貂的活体长具有影响;本试验条件下,冬毛期水貂饲喂脂肪水平为18%和蛋白质水平为32%~34%的颗粒料可获得较好的生长性能和毛皮品质。  相似文献   

12.
Observations on the pathology of experimental avian spirochaetosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
In experimental infection of chickens with a virulent strain of Borrelia anserina, peak spirochaetaemia was recorded from 72 to 96 hours. Progressive enlargement of the spleen with mottling was the predominant gross finding. Spleen, liver and small intestine showed extensive erythrophagocytosis, which continued even after the disappearance of spirochaetes from blood and tissues. While haemosiderosis was mild in the lungs, it was absent from the heart, kidney and brain. Spirochaetes were demonstrable in the spleen, liver, intestine, kidney and to a lesser extent in the lungs, but absent from the heart and brain. Widespread erythrophagocytosis and extravascular haemolysis suggest involvement of an immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of splenomegaly.  相似文献   

13.
Organ weight is one of the most sensitive drug toxicity indicators, and its changes often precede morphological changes. So far, no background data about organ weight and its coefficient in SD rats at different weeks of age have been reported in China. The aim of this study was to summarize and analyze the change trends of organ weight and organ weight coefficients in SD rats at different weeks of age. The absolute of the weights of the brain, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and testes were increased in male SD rats from 13 to 78 weeks, and the weights of the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys and especially the testes were decreased from 78 to 104 weeks. On the other hand, the absolute weight of the adrenal glands showed an increasing trend from 13 to 104 weeks. The absolute weight of the brain, spleen, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and ovaries showed an increasing trend from 13 to 104 weeks. A significant increase was observed in adrenal gland and ovary weights, whereas no obvious change trends were observed for the other organ weights mentioned above. It was surprising that the absolute of weight of the adrenal glands and organ-to-brain and organ-to-body weight ratios in female rats were significantly higher than those in males from 13 to 104 weeks. This study was the first to establish background data for organ weights in SD rats at different weeks of age and their reference ranges in line with the experimental animal status in China and to summarize their summarized their changes trend.  相似文献   

14.
李留安  彭峰  杨凤 《中国畜牧兽医》2012,39(10):159-162
为探讨游泳应激对小鼠肾脏、肺脏和脑组织脂质过氧化水平的影响,本试验选取50只小鼠进行游泳试验,于游泳前、游泳10、20、30、50 min后分别随机选取10只小鼠眼眶采血致死,采集肾脏、肺脏和脑组织,测定样品中MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性。结果表明,10或20 min游泳应激后,小鼠肾脏、肺脏和脑组织MDA含量均显著增加(P<0.05),之后均有不同程度的降低;游泳过程中小鼠肾脏SOD活性持续升高,30和50 min后均显著升高(P<0.05),游泳20 min后肺脏SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),30 min后有所回升,50 min后又轻微下降,游泳过程中脑组织SOD活性均无显著性变化;游泳20和30 min后,肾脏GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05),50 min后显著下降(P<0.05),游泳前40 min过程中肺脏GSH-Px持续下降,30 min组显著降低(P<0.05),游泳10和20 min后,脑组织GSH-Px活性显著降低(P<0.05),之后发生波动性变化。结果提示,游泳应激显著影响小鼠肾脏、肺脏和脑组织脂质过氧化水平,推测游泳应激可能引起小鼠全身脂质过氧化反应。  相似文献   

15.
本试验旨在研究不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和营养物质消化率及氮平衡的影响。选择96只60日龄、健康状况良好的水貂,随机分为4组,每组24只,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌、6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌、0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌+6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌。在水貂育成期内进行饲养与消化代谢试验,分析不同组合益生菌对水貂平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率及沉积氮、蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组公貂的干物质消化率和试验2组公貂的脂肪消化率显著下降(P<0.05),但不同组水貂的生长性能和氮平衡及母貂的营养物质消化率未受到益生菌的影响(P>0.05)。提示,日粮中添加益生菌不会显著改善育成期水貂的生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮平衡,故在水貂健康的前提下,无需在育成貂日粮中添加益生菌。  相似文献   

16.
【目的】 天蚕素抗菌肽是一种商品化的阳离子抗菌肽,在水貂体内的研究较少。试验旨在探究抗菌肽对育成期母貂脏器系数、血清及空肠免疫指标、肠组织形态的影响。【方法】 选取65日龄体重相近的短毛黑母貂60只,随机分为6组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只,单笼饲养。各组饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、100、200、300、400和500 mg/kg抗菌肽,预试期1周,正试期8周。饲养试验结束后,每组取6只水貂进行心脏采血,采集内脏器官、十二指肠及空肠样品,并测定血清及空肠免疫指标、肠道组织形态。【结果】 与对照组相比,100、300和400 mg/kg抗菌肽组脾脏指数显著升高(P < 0.05);各试验组补体C3(C3)、补体C4(C4)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量均显著升高,除200 mg/kg抗菌肽组外的所有试验组免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著升高(P < 0.05);各试验组肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量均显著降低,100、200、300 mg/kg抗菌肽组分泌型免疫球蛋白(sIgA)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量均显著升高(P < 0.05);各试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度均显著升高,且200 mg/kg抗菌肽组十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于400和500 mg/kg抗菌肽组,而绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著高于对照组、400和500 mg/kg组(P < 0.05);200、300和400 mg/kg抗菌肽组空肠V/C均显著升高(P < 0.05)。【结论】 饲粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽可促进育成期母貂免疫器官发育,提高机体免疫力,改善肠组织形态,建议抗菌肽添加水平为100~200 mg/kg。  相似文献   

17.
射干麻黄地龙散对鸡肝肾功能及脏器剖检的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
本试验旨在了解射干麻黄地龙散的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选取120只21日龄三黄肉鸡,随机分为3倍剂量组、6倍剂量组、12倍剂量组和对照组,每组30只。在21和35日龄时分别按试验鸡的平均体重给予不同剂量的药物,并连续饲喂2周。在35和49日龄时,各组随机选取10只进行采血和剖检。测定肝肾功能指标,同时对剖检鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏进行病理检查。结果显示,各组鸡的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性及肌酐含量与药物剂量间无规律性变化,白蛋白含量和尿素含量与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。用药后,各组鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏均无明显差异,表现正常。结果表明,射干麻黄地龙散对鸡肝肾功能的影响小,病理剖检未见对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏产生毒性作用,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中药制剂。  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin on libido and semen quality parameters in bucks during the non‐breeding season. Twelve bucks of the French alpine breed from 1.5 to 4 years of age were assigned into melatonin (MG) and control (CG) groups, with 6 bucks in each group. The experimental period was 3 months (March–May), divided into six periods of 15 days each. The bucks in the MG group received four melatonin implants at the end of March. Two semen samples were taken from the bucks by artificial vagina once per week and their libido estimated. Volume and spermatozoa concentration, their mass motility and motility, proportion of live and total abnormal and forms with abnormal head and tail were determined in the obtained ejaculate samples. The total number of spermatozoa and functional spermatozoa fraction in the ejaculate was also calculated. The MG bucks had significantly higher mass motility and motility of spermatozoa in the first half of April, and a higher proportion of live spermatozoa in the first and second half of April (p < .05). Differences in libido intensity were not significant. The results indicated that the application of melatonin significantly improved the qualitative parameters of semen in bucks, as seen in increased mass motility, motility of spermatozoa and proportion of live spermatozoa shortly following melatonin insertion. Therefore, the results of the current study are novel regarding the use of melatonin treatment during the non‐breeding season to improve the qualitative parameters of ejaculates in bucks.  相似文献   

19.
Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the sexual activity of local male Creole goats in subtropical Mexico can be induced during the non-breeding season by a long-day treatment followed by insertion of two melatonin implants. The experiment was carried out in the Laguna region in the State of Coahuila, Mexico (26 degrees N). Fourteen male goats were allocated to two balanced groups (n = 7 each) according to body and testicular weights. Males were kept together in two separate groups and fed lucerne hay for ad libitum intake and 300 g of commercial concentrate and had free access to water and mineral blocks. The control group remained in open sheds under natural photoperiod and ambient temperature conditions. The experimental group was placed in a light-proof building and exposed to 2.5 mo of long days (16 h of light/d) from November 1 to January 15. On January 16, each male received two s.c. melatonin implants and was exposed to natural photoperiodic changes in an open shed. In the control group, testicular weight exhibited seasonal variations; the highest value occurred on May 30 (146 +/- 10 g). Treated males reached maximum testicular weight earlier (March 15; 147 +/- 11 g), and sperm quality from January to March was higher than that observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Treatment caused an increase in LH pulse frequency (2.0 +/- 0.5 vs 0.3 +/- 0.2 pulse/8 h in February, 4.6 +/- 1.1 vs 0.1 +/- 0.1 pulse/8 h in March; experimental vs control group, respectively). In the control group, plasma testosterone remained low until mid-June and increased thereafter to remain elevated until the end of the study. In the experimental group, elevated plasma testosterone was observed from February to April and from July to November. Treating male goats in subtropical latitudes with artificial long days and melatonin can induce an intense sexual activity during the natural nonbreeding season.  相似文献   

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