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两种指示剂对松材线虫病病木的测试 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
通过两种指示剂对不同类型疫区、非疫区病、健木以及不同试样类型的测试表明:0.04%溴酚兰酒精溶液对松材线虫病(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的检疫检验,准确率可达85%以上;0.04%二甲基黄酒精溶液(pH=2)只达60%,效果较差。检验时所取试样,无论是木段的横断面还是木屑均可。此外,两种指示剂均不能区分松材线虫病死木和有松天牛(Monochamus alternatus)、拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus)分布的病死木。利用指示剂进行松材线虫病快速检验已获初步成效,但推广应用尚待深入研究。 相似文献
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松材线虫病是世界性的检疫病害,严重威胁松林等森林资源和生态安全。有研究表明,Feminization(fem)基因家族在秀丽隐杆线虫中参与性别决定和分化。本研究克隆了松材线虫fem-1基因,并对其表达特征和调控功能进行研究。结果表明,该基因cDNA全长为856 bp,包含681 bp的开放阅读框,编码226个氨基酸,进化分析显示与秀丽隐杆线虫位于同一进化分支。荧光定量PCR以及原位杂交结果显示, fem-1基因在松材线虫各个发育阶段均有表达,其中在2龄虫期表达水平最高;在卵期至3龄虫期阶段于虫体中后部表达,而发育后期,多位于皮下细胞中表达,肠道、性腺等部位极少出现杂交反应。利用RNA干扰技术沉默fem-1基因后,线虫种群雌雄比例出现下降,说明fem-1基因可能参与松材线虫性别分化和决定过程。研究结果有助于了解松材线虫性别决定相关基因表达特性与功能,为深入研究松材线虫发育生物学提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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为分析不同气候因素对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的松材线虫病的影响程度,本文以江西省全南县(代表赣南,松墨天牛一年2代)和德兴市(代表赣北,松墨天牛一年1代)遭受松材线虫病危害的马尾松林生态系统为研究对象,获取2018年-2021年松材线虫病普查数据和1990年-2021年的主要气象因子数据,结合滑动平均法和灰色关联度分析法比较分析两地的气候差异和疫情年间气候变化对松材线虫病发病面积的影响。结果显示:除德兴市的年均相对湿度和年降水量与历年平均值相比有所降低外,两地其他气象因子均呈上升趋势;灰色关联度分析表明,年均最高气温和年均风速是影响赣南松材线虫疫情的重要气象因子,年均最高气温和年降水量是影响赣北松材线虫疫情的重要气象因子;气温升高促进松材线虫和其媒介昆虫的生长繁殖与活动,风速升高可使媒介昆虫远距离传播松材线虫,降水量减少可降低松材线虫和媒介昆虫染病死亡几率。赣南赣北气候的整体变化趋势都有利于松材线虫病的扩散蔓延。 相似文献
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树栖真菌对扩散型松材线虫生活史的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松材线虫病是一种涉及多个生物因子的复杂病害系统,其病原松材线虫的生活史受媒介昆虫、寄主、树栖真菌和伴生细菌等多种因素影响。利用感染松材线虫病的马尾松林内的两种优势内栖真菌的3个菌株,松球壳孢(Sphaeropsis sapinea)E11、MHS7.3和小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)M32,接种于松褐天牛模拟蛹室,研究松褐天牛蛹期和羽化过程松材线虫种群动态,以及松褐天牛携带扩散型松材线虫的动态变化。结果表明,天牛发育处于蛹期时,松材线虫主要以扩散型三龄幼虫(JⅢ)附着于天牛体表;发育至羽化期时,松材线虫主要以扩散型四龄幼虫(JⅣ)位于天牛体内。不同优势内栖真菌接种处理下,松褐天牛携带的扩散型幼虫数量的大小顺序为:小孢拟盘多毛孢M32>松球壳孢E11>松球壳孢MHS7.3,这与模拟蛹室中松材线虫种群的大小顺序是一致的,表明松褐天牛携带的线虫数目与蛹室中线虫种群的大小关系密切。在松褐天牛携带的JⅢ、JⅣ和扩散型幼虫(JⅢ＋JⅣ)占线虫种群比例方面,松球壳孢E11和MHS7.3均大于小孢拟盘多毛孢M32,显示不适宜繁殖的真菌能促进群体内更多个体转化为扩散型虫态。JⅣ在蛹期的第二天即从天牛体内分离得到,但数量极少,随着JⅢ在羽化前达到最大值,JⅣ也开始大量出现,预示着较大JⅢ种群数量可能是JⅣ大量发生的基础条件之一。研究结果表明在松材线虫的扩散过程中,松林优势树栖真菌对媒介天牛携带的松材线虫数量产生显著影响。 相似文献
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松材线虫是松材线虫病的病原,且与其伴生细菌之间存在互作。为研究松材线虫和伴生细菌的互作关系,本研究用Nycodenz介质离心和SDS裂解法富集松材线虫的伴生细菌,以酚/氯仿抽提法提取DNA,构建了松材线虫伴生细菌fosmid宏基因组文库。文库克隆的插入片段大小分布在30~45kb,平均长度为40kb。该文库包含19200个克隆,共计包含7680000kb DNA。文库稳定性检测表明插入的DNA片段能够在fosmid质粒中稳定遗传,没有发现插入片段丢失或重排。随机挑选96个克隆进行末端测序,BLAST分析表明:该文库中松材线虫序列占5.2%,细菌序列占64.6%,无同源序列14.6%。对伴生细菌多样性分析表明:Stenotrophomonas为优势种群,Sphingomonas、Cupriavidus和Pseudomonas为次优势种群。该文库的建立为揭示松材线虫与其伴生细菌的互作关系及伴生细菌的生态功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
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感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。 相似文献
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由松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)侵染引起的松材线虫病是松属植物的重要病害之一,其繁殖和传播速度快,防治困难。RNAi技术是目前研究植物寄生线虫基因功能的重要手段。本文利用农杆菌介导灰葡萄孢菌表达松材线虫ncr基因的dsRNA(PDH-RH-NCR),并连续多代喂饲松材线虫使ncr基因表达稳定下调后分析其表型。结果表明,在转有PDH-RH-NCR的灰葡萄孢菌上连续培养10代的松材线虫,ncr基因表达量显著下调13倍。ncr基因表达下调后,线虫发育缓慢,繁殖力也显著降低;处理4 d后发育成成虫的百分率为61.75%,显著低于PDH-RH-s GFP(89.75%)和空载体(88.75%)处理;而9 d的繁殖量则较PDH-RH-s GFP和空载体处理分别少2 314和2 347条。松材线虫ncr基因表达下调后,4龄幼虫平均寿命(20.9 d)和体内脂肪量(1.340 nmol)则显著高于PDH-RH-s GFP(15.5 d,0.336 nmol)和空载体(15.2 d,0.323 nmol)处理。通过喂饲法RNAi发现松材线虫ncr基因可能与松材线虫的发育速度、繁殖量、寿命、脂肪积累等表型相关。 相似文献
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松材线虫侵染对马尾松、黑松水分及其相关代谢的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以盆栽马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼苗和离体水培黑松(P.thunbergii)、马尾松为材料,研究了松材线虫(Bursaphe-lenchus xylophilus)侵染对寄主水分、游离脯氨酸及叶绿素含量的影响以及由此引起的幼苗萎蔫与干旱萎蔫间的差异。松苗和离体枝接种松材线虫后,茎部相对含水量逐渐下降,早期下降缓慢,中后期加快。叶片变化滞后于茎部,相对含水量的明显下降发生在叶片褐变萎蔫症状出现之后(病害发展后期)。游离脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量变化完全随叶片相对含水量的变化而变化。水分状况是影响受侵植株叶片脯氨酸和叶绿素含量的决定因子。自然干旱枯萎和由松材线虫侵染引起枯萎的松幼苗,两者从枯萎方式到茎、叶相对含水量的变化均存在显著差异。 相似文献
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几种松树松材线虫病木和健木pH值差异的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对江苏、安徽2疫区的黑松、赤松、马尾松、火炬松、湿地松等5个树种松材线虫病Bursaphelenchus xylophilus的病、健木pH值差异性分析结果表明:感病品种黑松、赤松、马尾松病木pH值降低,且差异显著;较抗病的湿地松虽然也降低,但差异不显著;抗病性强的火炬松病木pH值反而高于健木,且差异显著。由此可见,不同松树品种松材线虫病的病、健木pH值的差异性也不同,对松材线虫越敏感和受害越严重的,其病木pH值降低的就越多,与健木pH值差异就越显著。该分析结果初步为我国松材线虫为害比较严重的几种主要松树品种,利用指示剂进行松材线虫病快速检测的可行性提供了一个依据。 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease (PWD) in Pinus species given suitable climatic conditions. A model was run... 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, can cause pine wilt disease on susceptible conifer species, mainly Pinus spp., outside its natural... 相似文献
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The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It is a quarantine pest for most countries in the world. Surveys for the occurrence of the nematode may be necessary in the framework of internationally agreed phytosanitary standards, in order to delimit infested areas or to demonstrate the absence of B . xylophilus and thus to identify pest free areas. Import inspections of wood and wood products also need sound monitoring systems. It is obvious that the quality of survey/monitoring, as well as the results of diagnosis, are strongly dependent on the sampling procedure. Although, in the literature, numerous results of surveys and monitoring are documented, sampling procedures vary and there is no scientific or statistically based sampling system published for B. xylophilus . The current paper relates background information concerning the biology of the nematode, its vector beetles and the development of pine wilt disease and the influence of these factors on sampling procedures, and attempts to define a more systematic methodology. 相似文献
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C. MAGNUSSON 《EPPO Bulletin》1986,16(3):465-471
Serious concern about the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and the pine wilt disease arose in 1984 when the nematode was discovered in wood chips imported for the Finnish pulp industry. It has been questioned whether this nematode could establish itself and actually damage pine trees under Nordic conditions. It seems likely that B. xylophilus could reproduce in Nordic forest lands. It is also likely that potential vector insects are present and could be functional in the establishment and epidemic development of the disease. Although temperatures in Nordic areas hardly seem conducive to pine wilt disease, other factors may contribute to disease expression. Research is needed on interactions of stress factors, particularly temperature and soil moisture, in the expression of pine wilt disease. A better understanding of these interactions would aid in evaluating the risk connected with an accidental introduction of the nematode into Nordic countries and provide a sound basis for trade regulations. At present, there are reasons to be most restrictive concerning any possible means of introduction of B. xylophilus. 相似文献
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In an earlier paper the authors reported the creation of a novel emamectin benzoate 40 g litre(-1) liquid formulation (Shot Wan Liquid Formulation). The injection of this formulation exerted a preventative effect against the pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and this effect lasted for at least 3 years. The present study was carried out to show experimentally that the marked effect of this formulation was due to the presence and persistence in pine tissues of sufficient amounts of emamectin benzoate to inhibit nematode propagation. A cleanup procedure prior to quantitative analysis of emamectin benzoate by fluorescence HPLC was devised. The presence of the compound in concentrations sufficient to inhibit nematode propagation in the shoots of current growth and its persistence for 3 years explained the marked preventative effect. Non-distribution of emamectin benzoate in some parts of the lower trunk suggested that the formulation should be injected at several points for large trees in order to distribute the compound uniformly to lower branches. 相似文献
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Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become of worldwide quarantine concern in recent years. Here, we disclosed the surface coat (SC) proteins of the PWN which are thought to be one of the key components in pine wilt development. This is the first report that focused on the SC proteins and thoroughly identified those proteins of a plant-parasitic nematode using the proteomic approach. In this study, SC protein profiles were compared for PWNs grown on the fungus Botrytis cinerea and in host pine seedlings. The results demonstrated that the gross amount of PWN SC proteins drastically increased during infection of the host pine. Thirty-seven protein bands showed significant quantity differences between fungus-grown and host-origin PWNs, and were used for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. These included several proteins that are presumed to be involved in the host immune response; for example, regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger. These results might suggest that the PWN SC proteins are crucial in modulating or evading host immune response. Our data provide a new insight into the mechanism of pine wilt disease and the biological role of the SC proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes. 相似文献
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溴甲烷对松木片中松材线虫的熏蒸作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用二次正交旋转组合设计,在室内条件下研究了溴甲烷剂量、熏蒸处理时间和处理温度对松木片中松材线虫熏蒸效果的影响。结果表明,溴甲烷剂量是影响熏蒸效果的最主要因子;14、18 ℃和22 ℃条件下处理24 h,松材线虫死亡率达99.9%时的溴甲烷浓度分别为17.92、16.07、14.87 g/m3; 14、18、22 ℃条件下,松材线虫死亡率达99.9%时,溴甲烷浓度和时间乘积,即CT（99.9）分别为192.52、174.705、166.229 g•h/m3。溴甲烷可用于口岸松木片中松材线虫的除害处理。 相似文献