共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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试验测定和分析了Bombus pyrosoma、B.terrestris、B.patagiatus和B.lucorum 4种熊蜂蜂王初生重和三型蜂的喙长,结果表明:4种熊蜂的蜂王喙长与初生重均存在高度正相关性,各回归方程的相关系数均达极显著.同种熊蜂三型蜂间,蜂王喙长明显长于工蜂和雄蜂的喙长,除B.pyrosoma工蜂喙长明显长于雄蜂的喙长外,其他三个熊蜂种的工蜂与雄蜂喙长相等.同型蜂4种熊蜂间,B.pyrosoma和B.terrestris蜂王初生重和工蜂喙长分别相等,蜂王喙长和雄蜂喙长均不等,B.patagiatus和B.lucorum的蜂王初生重和三型蜂喙长分别相等,但前两者蜂王初生重明显重于后两者的,三型蜂喙长分别长于后两者的. 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(9)
基于熊蜂微孢子虫16SrRNA基因序列设计了1对引物,并对引物退火温度和引物浓度等反应条件进行了优化。对所建立方法的敏感性、特异性和稳定性进行了验证后,使用该方法对40份样品进行检测。结果显示,本研究建立了一种能够特异、敏感鉴定熊蜂微孢子虫的PCR方法,对熊蜂微孢子虫总DNA的敏感性达到2.86×10-5 mg/L,可以将熊蜂微孢子虫从西方蜜蜂微孢子虫和东方蜜蜂微孢子等其他可以感染熊蜂的寄生虫中区分出来,具有良好的特异性和稳定性。通过对40份熊蜂样品进行检测结果表明,整个检测过程可以在4h内完成并具有良好的适用性。本研究建立的熊蜂微孢子虫检测方法可用于进境熊蜂的检验检疫。 相似文献
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熊蜂（Bombus spp.）的授粉特性及其人工饲养 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
本文通过对Bombus lucorum和Bombus terrestris两个熊蜂种的室内饲养及温室蔬菜授粉试验,分析了熊蜂的授粉特性、人工饲养技巧和应用前景. 相似文献
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《中国蜂业》2014,(Z3)
【研究目的】东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)是一种细胞内专性寄生的微孢子虫,广泛寄生于东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)和西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera),不仅是危害蜜蜂的主要病原物之一,而且近年来国内外报道发现N.ceranae也感染重要经济昆虫-熊蜂(Bombus Latreille);【方法】采用传统生物学和电镜超微结构观察结合qPCR定量分析对N.ceranae在密林熊蜂上的致病机理进行了探讨;【结果】感染初期工蜂除取食减少和行动迟缓外无明显外观染病特征,感染后期工蜂萎靡,衰弱,飞翔无力。解剖后镜检发现中肠仅存少量孢子,但充满大量的细菌;熊蜂肠道组织切片发现N.ceranae主要经肠绒毛侵染中肠上皮细胞,核膨大并变形、线粒体体积变小甚至解体,内质网紊乱,但孢子只侵染寄主细胞质而不侵入细胞核,最终因线粒体解体,细胞破裂而导致死亡;qPCR定量分析得出在接种的34 d中肠和脂肪体中N.ceranae的感染量达到最高值,其他组织则基本未检测到;【结论】根据研究并结合前人工作,认为N.ceranae侵染熊蜂的病理过程是从中肠细胞的病理变化开始的,最后导致寄主细胞的碎裂、死亡,这一过程逐渐扩大至寄主的整个组织、器官,以致其功能丧失,严重的会导致熊蜂死亡。 相似文献
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为快速检测进口熊蜂中的微孢子虫,建立了环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation,LAMP)。针对熊蜂微孢子虫核糖体保守基因设计LAMP引物,以熊蜂微孢子虫DNA、家蚕微孢子虫DNA、蝗虫微孢子虫DNA、兔脑炎微孢子虫DNA作为LAMP反应的模板,分别采用浊度法和显色法验证LAMP引物的特异性;并将含微孢子虫基因的质粒模板10倍梯度稀释,考察方法的敏感性。结果表明,LAMP法能有效、特异地检测出熊蜂寄生微孢子虫DNA,灵敏度比PCR法高10倍。该方法简单、快速、敏感,可应用于熊蜂寄生微孢子虫的便捷检测中。 相似文献
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采用形态学和基于线粒体16SrDNA基因的分子生物学方法,对采自青海省东部地区20个县(市)的熊蜂(Bombus spp.)进行了物种鉴定及组成分析,并探讨了物种多样性与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,在20个采样点共采集到3 195份熊蜂标本,鉴定为23个物种,隶属10个亚属;所有熊蜂的总体Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.67,总体Pielou均匀度指数为0.85,具有较高的物种多样性水平;有5个物种[兰州熊蜂(B.lantschouensis)、密林熊蜂(B.patagiatus)、明亮熊蜂(B.lucorum)、火红熊蜂(B.pyrosoma)和黑尾熊蜂(B.melanurus)]具有商业开发的潜力,其数量占总标本数的17.9%;Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析表明,年均温是影响熊蜂物种多样性的关键因素;随着温度的降低,物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数都显著下降。本研究结果为了解、利用和保护青藏高原熊蜂生物多样性提供了关键基础资料。 相似文献
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Echinococcus multilocularis causes a rare but potentially lethal zoonotic infection in humans. This tapeworm is known to be endemic in foxes in several countries of Western and Central Europe. In Western Europe, the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the water vole (Arvicola terrestris) are considered to be the most important intermediate host species of this cestode whereas the red fox is by far the most important final host. The purpose of this study was to provide data on the prevalences in Wallonia (Southern part of Belgium) both in the red fox and in different potential intermediate hosts. A total of 990 red foxes were examined between January 2003 and December 2004 for the presence of E. multilocularis. The average prevalence was 24.55% (22.38-27.87). Out of 1249 rodents or insectivores belonging to the species Apodemus sylvaticus, Arvicola terrestris, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestris and Sorex araneus, only one M. arvalis (out of 914-0.11% (0.003-0.61) and one C. glareolus (out of 23-4.3% (0.1-21.9) were found to be infected. However, the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) seems to be a good intermediate host as 11.18% (9.72-12.76) of the animals (n=1718) were found to be infected. A positive correlation was found between the prevalences in foxes and in muskrats in each of the different geological regions. This study indicates that the muskrat is highly sensitive to this zoonotic tapeworm and could perhaps represent a good bioindicator when studying the epidemiology of this parasitic infection in Belgium and in other countries where the muskrat is present. 相似文献
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蝗虫微孢子虫大量增殖与治蝗应用研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
探索蝗虫微孢子虫在蝗虫体内增殖特性,用相差显微镜检查病死蝗虫体内病原物具有两种发育阶段。裂殖生殖期和孢子形成期。病虫在孢子形成期死亡则能获得较高产孢量,可见产孢量与病虫致死时间有关。接种病原浓度和寄主虫龄又影响致死时间,因而影响孢子产量。选择适宜接种病原浓度和寄主虫龄是获得较高孢子产量的重要因子。利用微孢子虫治蝗在蝗虫低密度下施用,可以控制煌害在经济阈值以下,高虫口密度下与少量化学农药混用也能收到治蝗效果。 相似文献
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Michalczyk M Sokół R Szczerba-Turek A Bancerz-Kisiel A 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2011,14(3):385-391
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the multiplex PCR method and traditional light microscopy in identifying and discriminating the species of Nosema spp. spores in worker bees from winter hive debris in the Province of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland). A total of 1000 beesdead after from the bottom of the hive from bee colonies were analyzed. Spores were identified with the use of a light microscope (400-600x magnification). Spores were assigned to species by the multiplex PCR method. The microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of Nosema spp. spores in 803 samples (80.3%). Nosema ceranae spores were observed in 353 positive samples (43.96%), Nosema apis spores were found in 300 samples (37.35%), while 150 samples (19.67%) showed signs of a mixed infection. A multiplex PCR analysis revealed that 806 samples were infested with Nosema spp., of which 206 were affected only by Nosema ceranae, 600 showed signs of mixed invasion, while no samples were infected solely by Nosema apis parasites. In two cases, the presence of spores detected under a light microscope was not confirmed by the PCR analysis. The results of the study indicate that Nosema ceranae is the predominant parasitic species found in post-winter worker bees from the bottom of the hive in the region of Warmia and Mazury. 相似文献
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Botías C Martín-Hernández R Garrido-Bailón E González-Porto A Martínez-Salvador A De la Rúa P Meana A Higes M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):150-155
Microsporidiosis caused by infection with Nosema apis or Nosema ceranae has become one of the most widespread diseases of honey bees and can cause important economic losses for beekeepers. Honey can be contaminated by spores of both species and it has been reported as a suitable matrix to study the field prevalence of other honey bee sporulated pathogens. Historical honey sample collections from the CAR laboratory (Centro Apícola Regional) were analyzed by PCR to identify the earliest instance of emergence, and to determine whether the presence of Nosema spp. in honey was linked to the spread of these microsporidia in honey bee apiaries. A total of 240 frozen honey samples were analyzed by PCR and the results compared with rates of Nosema spp. infection in worker bee samples from different years and geographical areas. The presence of Nosema spp. in hive-stored honey from naturally infected honey bee colonies (from an experimental apiary) was also monitored, and although collected honey bees resulted in a more suitable sample to study the presence of microsporidian parasites in the colonies, a high probability of finding Nosema spp. in their hive-stored honey was observed. The first honey sample in which N. ceranae was detected dates back to the year 2000. In subsequent years, the number of samples containing N. ceranae tended to increase, as did the detection of Nosema spp. in adult worker bees. The presence of N. ceranae as early as 2000, long before generalized bee depopulation and colony losses in 2004 may be consistent with a long incubation period for nosemosis type C or related with other unknown factors. The current prevalence of nosemosis, primarily due to N. ceranae, has reached epidemic levels in Spain as confirmed by the analysis of worker honey bees and commercial honey. 相似文献
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为了探讨家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)功能基因组研究方法和手段,利用免疫胶体金标记电镜技术,对被感染的家蚕丝腺组织中家蚕微孢子虫的蛋白质分泌状况进行了观察。结果显示,有大量的胶体金颗粒存在于家蚕微孢子虫寄生位点的宿主组织内,说明了家蚕微孢子虫寄生位点的宿主组织内存在大量的孢子蛋白质,证实了家蚕微孢子虫在寄生过程中将许多孢子蛋白质分泌到宿主体内。初步探讨了家蚕微孢子虫与宿主家蚕之间的互作关系。 相似文献
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Amblyomma parvum is a widespread Neotropical tick found on several domestic animals and is known to harbor a Rickettsia species of yet unknown pathogenicity. However its life cycle on, and suitability of, several of these hosts has not been described. In this work the biology of A. parvum is presented when fed on seven domestic hosts (chicken, dog, rabbit, horse, guinea pig, cattle and goat). The complete life cycle of the tick varied from 96.8 to 102 days. Highest engorgement weight of larvae was from ticks fed on horses and that of nymphs from guinea pigs. Highest larval yield was from guinea pigs and that of nymphs from horses. Engorged female and egg mass weights, yield and conversion of female weight to eggs rates were the highest in dog ticks and the lowest in goat ticks. The highest egg hatching rate was seen in ticks from dogs and the lowest in ticks from cattle. Overall it was seen that dogs were the best host for adult A. parvum ticks, and guinea pigs for immatures. Horses were also shown to be a good host for all tick stages. It can thus be affirmed that A. parvum is a host generalist tick, and its distribution is probably determined by environmental requirements rather than by hosts. 相似文献
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Rebecca E. COLMAN R. Jory BRINKERHOFF Joseph D. BUSCH Chris RAY Adina DOYLE Jason W. SAHL Paul KEIM Sharon K. COLLINGE David M. WAGNER 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(6):834-851
Yersinia pestis, causative agent of plague, occurs throughout the western United States in rodent populations and periodically causes epizootics in susceptible species, including black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). How Y. pestis persists long-term in the environment between these epizootics is poorly understood but multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including, among others, a separate enzootic transmission cycle that maintains Y. pestis without involvement of epizootic hosts and persistence of Y. pestis within epizootic host populations without causing high mortality within those populations. We live-trapped and collected fleas from black-tailed prairie dogs and other mammal species from sites with and without black-tailed prairie dogs in 2004 and 2005 and tested all fleas for presence of Y. pestis. Y. pestis was not detected in 2126 fleas collected in 2004 but was detected in 294 fleas collected from multiple sites in 2005, before and during a widespread epizootic that drastically reduced black-tailed prairie dog populations in the affected colonies. Temporal and spatial patterns of Y. pestis occurrence in fleas and genotyping of Y. pestis present in some infected fleas suggest Y. pestis was introduced multiple times from sources outside the study area and once introduced, was dispersed between several sites. We conclude Y. pestis likely was not present in these black-tailed prairie dog colonies prior to epizootic activity in these colonies. Although we did not identify likely enzootic hosts, we found evidence that deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) may serve as bridging hosts for Y. pestis between unknown enzootic hosts and black-tailed prairie dogs. 相似文献
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中国柞蚕微粒子病病原的研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
从辽宁柞蚕分离出的两种微孢子虫,经光镜和电镜形态、寄生习性的研究结果,确定为柞蚕微粒子虫新种和修氏内网虫,在中国柞蚕微粒子病蚕中为首次发现。 相似文献