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《中国花卉园艺》2021,(9)
正美国芍药牡丹协会(American Peony Society,APS)是国际园艺学会指定的芍药属植物新品种登录权威机构,目前全世界在APS共登录芍药品种6000余个,品种资源十分丰富,而我国国际登录的品种数量仍十分有限。在我国芍药研究领域,北京林业大学于晓南课题组从2009年开始对我国芍药资源进行广泛调查、科学引入国外优良品种与我国传统品种开展杂交育种,经过多年不懈努力,目前已获得上千株杂交后代,并开始了优良新品种的筛选工作。2021年7月,课题组自育的9个新品种‘北林之心’‘棉花糖’‘洛丽塔’‘白色恋人’‘好想你’‘白月光’‘草莓布丁’‘奶油甜心’和‘红盘托珠’成功获得国际登录认证。 相似文献
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三江平原不同玉米品种茎秆特性比较与抗倒伏品种筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2020,(17)
为明确三江平原抗倒伏玉米品种的茎秆特性,筛选出优良的抗倒伏玉米品种,本研究以‘L38P05’、‘先玉1219’、‘德美亚3’、‘A6565’、‘C2235’、‘J6518’、‘迪卡556’、‘P5697’、‘中单859’和‘垦沃6’10个玉米品种为试验材料,比较不同玉米品种的倒伏情况、产量表现和茎秆形态特征、力学特性及其与倒伏的相关性。结果表明,玉米的株高、穗位高、穗高系数、节间抗折断力与倒伏率无显著相关关系,不适宜作为评价玉米植株抗倒伏能力的形态指标和力学指标;基部节间的茎粗系数、穿刺强度、压碎强度可作为抗倒伏玉米品种筛选的依据,测定第2～第4节间更有意义。该区域正常年份下,基部2～5节间平均穿刺强度80 N/mm2以上和第2～第4节间平均压碎强度390 N/mm2以上的玉米品种具有较强的抗倒伏潜力。综合各品种的倒伏情况、茎秆性状和产量,筛选出适合三江平原机械化种植的优良抗倒伏玉米品种为‘德美亚3’、‘先玉1219’、‘C2235’和‘迪卡556’。 相似文献
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为了研究木薯不同品种的氢氰酸含量差异,本研究选用硝酸银滴定法,对七个不同品种木薯（‘华南5号’、‘华南7号’、‘华南9号’、‘华南124’、‘华南205’、‘华南8013’、‘ZM8625’）不同部位（叶片、茎秆、去周皮块根和带周皮块根）的氢氰酸的含量进行测定。结果表明,七个品种木薯叶片中氢氰酸含量最高的是‘华南9号’,最低的是‘华南8013’;茎秆中氢氰酸含量最高的是‘ZM8625’,最低的是‘华南9号’;去周皮块根和带周皮块根中氢氰酸含量最高的均是‘华南205’,带周皮块根中最低的是华南7号’,去周皮块根中最低的是‘华南9号’;‘华南205’各部位的氢氰酸含量均较高。七个品种木薯叶片和茎秆氢氰酸含量均大于块根中氢氰酸含量,带周皮块根氢氰酸含量均约为去周皮块根氢氰酸含量的2倍,去周皮块根氢氰酸含量均极显著低于其他部位。结果说明,木薯氢氰酸含量主要大量集中在叶片、茎杆和周皮中;华南8013叶片可开发为优质菜用或饲料资源,华南9号块根可开发为优质食用或饲用资源。 相似文献
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7个木薯品种的氢氰酸含量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国农学通报》2018,(4)
为了研究木薯不同品种的氢氰酸含量差异,本研究选用硝酸银滴定法,对7个不同品种木薯(‘华南5号’、‘华南7号’、‘华南9号’、‘华南124’、‘华南205’、‘华南8013’、‘ZM8625’)不同部位(叶片、茎秆、去周皮块根和带周皮块根)的氢氰酸的含量进行测定。结果表明,7个品种木薯叶片中氢氰酸含量最高的是‘华南9号’,最低的是‘华南8013’;茎秆中氢氰酸含量最高的是‘ZM8625’,最低的是‘华南9号’;去周皮块根和带周皮块根中氢氰酸含量最高的均是‘华南205’,带周皮块根中最低的是‘华南7号’,去周皮块根中最低的是‘华南9号’;‘华南205’各部位的氢氰酸含量均较高。7个品种木薯叶片和茎秆氢氰酸含量均大于块根中氢氰酸含量,带周皮块根氢氰酸含量均约为去周皮块根氢氰酸含量的2倍,去周皮块根氢氰酸含量均极显著低于其他部位。结果说明,木薯氢氰酸含量主要大量集中在叶片、茎杆和周皮中;‘华南8013’叶片可开发为优质菜用或饲料资源,‘华南9号’块根可开发为优质食用或饲用资源。 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2017,(6)
为了挑选出可直接应用于生产的优良蓖麻品种或优异的育种材料,以‘云蓖2号’为对照,根据物候期、抗性、株高、单株有效穗、单株蒴果数、百粒重、每公顷产量等多项指标,对国内21个蓖麻主栽品种在云南省的表现进行观察和统计分析。研究结果表明:‘云蓖麻5号’、‘云蓖麻4号’、‘通蓖麻8号’、‘淄蓖麻9号’、‘通蓖麻6号’5个品种的生育期在124~153天之间,与对照品种相仿,产量为2644.5~3934.35 kg/hm~2,显著高于对照品种。通过相关性分析结果显示:对蓖麻产量贡献因素最大的蓖麻农艺性状为单株总蒴果数与单株有效穗数。聚类分析将21个蓖麻品种划分为3大类群,根据不同特点为育种提供依据。初步鉴定出‘云蓖麻5号’、‘云蓖麻4号’、‘通蓖麻8号’、‘淄蓖麻9号’、‘通蓖麻6号’5个高产蓖麻品种可以直接用于生产或作为选育优良品种的材料。 相似文献
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四川盆地栽培油菜品种菌核病抗性监测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在对四川盆地主栽油菜品种抗菌核病性进行监测评价,为品种合理应用提供参考依据。于2018、2019连续两年在田间病圃内,对31个油菜市场品种采用人工菌丝块组织接种法接种核盘菌,调查油菜茎秆、分枝角果等组织菌核病发病程度,评价各品种菌核病抗（耐）病性。结果表明：有21个品种抗性稳定,即两年抗病性表现一致。其中‘德虹油1号’高抗（耐）菌核病,‘德名油100’和‘科乐油998’中抗（耐）菌核病;‘科源油2号’、‘宜油17’等10个品种低抗（耐）菌核病。‘油研11’、‘德油5号’等8个品种低感菌核病。‘德油9号’、‘宜油19’等10品种抗（耐）性菌核病性不稳定或丧失。综上,‘德虹油1号’、‘德名油100’和‘科乐油998’3个品种可作为抗病育种亲本或利用品种进行病害防控推广应用。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献