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高军省! 《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2000,(6)
一、节水播种灌溉技术节水播种灌溉技术是结合播种而实施的一种节水型灌溉技术,用于土壤墒情不足时作物的抗旱播种,特点是在灌水的同时亦完成播种作业。它适用于干旱、半干旱地区的抗旱播种,对于半湿润地区,若发生季节性干旱而不能正常播种时,亦可采用这种技术进行播种。其工序分为开沟、施肥、灌水、播种和覆土等。完成这些工序的设备为节水型播种机,其代表是２ＢＦＳ-２型坐水单体播种机和２ＢＦＳ-３型施水硬茬播种机。二、抗旱保苗节水灌溉技术抗旱保苗节水灌溉技术包括作物苗期的淋洒灌水技术、作物根际注灌技术和喷洒灌水技术。淋洒灌… 相似文献
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联合国粮农组织与国际原子能机构联络处于1989年2月20—24日在泰国曼谷召开了“在亚洲热带国家中通过诱发突变进行根茎类作物改良”的协作会议,出席会议的代表分别来自中国、日本、泰国、菲律宾、越南等5个国家和亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心。 在70年代早期,粮农组织和国际原子能机构联络处就对根茎类作物突变育种技术的发展和应用开展了工作,在1972—1980年的研究协作项目中包括了马铃薯,在1984—1986 相似文献
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选取2002—2019年云南省农作物播种面积、粮食作物播种面积、各类非粮食作物播种面积、蔬菜作物播种面积、蔬菜及其各类作物产量和居民鲜菜人均消费量等相关数据，运用灰色关联分析法对其关联度进行分析。结果表明，云南省居民人均鲜菜消费量与粮食作物、各类非粮食作物、蔬菜作物播种面积的关联度由大到小依次为烟叶作物、糖料作物、油料作物、粮食作物、其他作物和蔬菜作物。云南省居民人均鲜菜消费量与蔬菜内部各类作物产量的关联度由大到小依次为瓜类蔬菜、水生蔬菜类、白菜类蔬菜、根茎类蔬菜、叶菜类蔬菜、茄果类蔬菜、葱蒜类蔬菜、甘蓝类蔬菜和菜用豆类蔬菜。蔬菜作物播种面积调整对居民人均鲜菜消费量的关联度较小。蔬菜内部9大作物品种中，瓜菜类蔬菜、水生蔬菜类、白菜类蔬菜、根茎类蔬菜4种作物的产量与居民人均鲜菜消费量的关联度较大，其他5种作物的产量与居民人均鲜菜消费量的关联度较低。为加快云南省蔬菜产业转型升级，提出因地制宜调整优化种植业区域布局、紧跟市场需求变化调整蔬菜播种面积、挖掘地方特色培育高品质蔬菜等对策建议。 相似文献
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杨涛 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,26(3):300-302
大中型播种机在小块地、山坡地或套种作物行间进行播种时难以适应,而传统人工播种的劳动强度较大,效率低,播种质量差,针对这种情况,应用人机工程学的原理研究设计了一种手持式播种(施肥)机,该机也可在作物根部进行追肥。主要由控制器、种(肥)箱、排种(肥)系统、鸭嘴式开沟器等零部件组成,适用于谷物穴播或追肥,可使传统的人工播种(施肥)操作变为半机械化操作,将开沟、播种(施肥)、覆土一次完成。它采用了简单可靠的机构和通用的零、部件,具有携带方便、使用可靠,耗材少、易加工、成本低等特点。 相似文献
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一、小麦、大麦及复播作物免耕技术规范1.小麦、大麦免耕播种技术墒度适宜,适时播种,一次性完成破茬开沟、播种、施肥、覆土和镇压等作业工序。春小麦及大麦播种时间为3月下旬,播期20天左右;冬小麦播种时间为9月中旬,播期20天左右。 相似文献
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春秋季萝卜生长中肉质根木质素含量变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对春秋季萝卡生长过程中肉质根的本质素含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,春季木质素含量变化与秋季不同。春季,从破肚期到定桩期木质素含量变化不定,定桩期后木质素显著增加。秋季,从破肚期到定桩期再到露肩期,木质素含量变化不大,露肩期的木质素含量有所下降,采收期以后,木质素含量显著增加。春季萝卡除秋魁青外,其他品种在露肩期前均低于秋季的木质素含量,采收期后,春季萝卡肉质根中的木质素含量高于秋季,这表明,春季萝卡在生长期肉质根的木质化速度要比较季的大。木质素含量变化在红皮萝卡（水萝卜、大红袍）和白皮萝卡（短13、特早30天）之内存在显著差异。 相似文献
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The results of the three-year researches which had the purpose to establish an optimum depth of seeding at sowing and rational norm of seeding of red beetroot seeds at under-winter sowing in conditions of mid-loamy typical grey soils of the central climatic zone of Uzbekistan are stated in article. The researches were spent at statement of field experiences in quadruple frequency with the area of a registration allotment 10 M^-1. Crops were carried out in the first decade of December against mulching surfaces of ridges by humus and without mulching. Crops were carried out on ridges in width of 70 sm tape-two-lined with distance between tapes of 50 sm, between lines-20 sm and distance between plants in a line of 12-13 sm, at density of standing of 228-230 thousand plants/hectares. Experiences were spent with zoned in Uzbekistan multi-seedling grade of a red beetroot ＂Bordo 237＂. Experiences were accompanied by phenological supervision, biometric accounts, the account of field germination of seeds, density of standing of plants and definition of size and quality of a crop. Results of researches were exposed to the statistical analysis by a dispersive method. It has been revealed that at under-winter sowing of a red beetroot the effective way providing acceleration of shoots occurrence, formations of high-grade density of standing and increase of productivity of root crops is mulching the surfaces of ridges by humus. It is defined that optimum depth of seeding at sowing both at application of mulching and without it is the depth of seeding 4 sm. It is established that the most rational norm of seeding of the seeds, providing high-grade density of standing, is at cultivation with application of mulching 8 kg/ha, and at cultivation without mulching 8-10 kg/ha. Application of mulching the surfaces of ridges by humus, depths of seeding of 4 sm and norms of seeding of seeds of 8-10 kg/ha in conditions of under-winter sowing in comparison with cultivation without mulching and depth of seeding 2 sm and norms of seeding of 6 kg/ha provides an acceleration of receipt of fresh production of a red beetroot for 12-14 days and considerably raises root crops productivity. Application of agro receptions improved by us is the important reserve of acceleration of receipt of red beetroot early production and increase of its manufacture. 相似文献
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Abid Hussain Khoso Ghulam Mustafa Laghari Aziz Ahmed Laghari Ali Muhammad Bozdar Asif Ali Kaleri Nasir Ali 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2017,24(1)
Convolvulus arvensis is a toxic allelopathic weed that suppresses germination and growth of crops.The prime object of present study was to investigate effect of Convolvulus arvensis water extract on germination and performance of okra with different seed sizes.The seeds of okra variety pusa green were separated into three different sizes,viz large size(4.00-5.00 mm),medium size(3.00-3.50 mm)and small size(2.00-3.50 mm),and then soaked in allelopathic plant bindweed water extract and kept in patrisdishes for germination into the germinator at 15℃.The experiment was laid out using Complete Randomized Design(CRD)with three replications.The results showed that after sowing of 12 days the highest germination was observed in non-treated seeds as compared to seeds treated in Convolvulus arvensis water extract for 1 h,further non-treated large seeds produced maximum plants as compared to treated small seeds after sowing of 24 days.Meanwhile,root length,shoot length,root fresh and dry weight,shoot fresh and dry weight were recorded higher in non-treated large seeds as compared to small seeds soaked for 1 h in Convolvulus arvensis allelopthic water extract.It could be found that Convolvulus arvensis affected germination,seed growth and overall performance of okra,further presence Convolvulus arvensis in crops could cause negative impact on germination and integrity of okra crops. 相似文献
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小麦玉米周年生产中耕作方式对夏玉米根系特性和产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】黄淮海平原地区冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟,长期冬小麦免耕或旋耕、夏玉米免耕使耕层变浅,养分含量降低,对根系发育和产量造成影响。通过探讨冬小麦夏玉米周年生产中不同耕作模式来探寻小麦玉米周年中夏玉米高产高效生产的耕作模式及机理。【方法】供试品种选用郑单958(ZD958),3个试验处理为冬小麦播前旋耕夏玉米播前免耕(RN)、冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前免耕(MN)与冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR),探究不同耕作方式对小麦玉米周年生产中夏玉米根干重、根冠比、根长、根表面积、根体积和节根数量等根系特性及产量的影响。【结果】MR与MN处理0—30 cm的根干重、根冠比、根长、根表面积、根体积、节根层数、节根条数及节根干重较RN处理差异显著,分别提高59.1%、37.5%、22.8%、41.1%、59.2%、5.9%、21.0%、50.8%和68.5%、50.0%、16.7%、33.7%、44.0%、3.9%、20.1%、57.6%;根系TTC还原强度、TTC还原量、活跃吸收面积、总吸收面积及根系伤流速率也有显著提高,分别提高82.6%、91.9%、33.9%、34.5%、24.0%和109.9%、108.5%、83.8%、65.1%、14.7%;与RN处理相比,MR与MN处理的有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重显著增加,分别提高8.5%、11.7%、4.9%和3.9%、8.5%、4.2%,产量显著提高29.5%和23.7%。冬小麦播前翻耕可以显著改善夏玉米根系数量与质量特性,有利于提高产量。与MR处理相比,MN处理显著提高根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积,分别提高了22.8%、37.21%;但MN处理的根长、根表面积、根体积、节根层数、茎秆伤流速率、TTC还原量及TTC还原强度较MR处理没有达到显著性差异水平。MR处理与MN处理相比,其有效穗数提高4.7%,但两处理之间千粒重和穗粒数差异不大,产量没有达到显著差异水平。【结论】冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前免耕(MN)与冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR)较冬小麦播前旋耕夏玉米播前免耕(RN)可显著提高根系特性从而提高了产量。而冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前免耕(MN)和冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR)的根系特性指标和产量不具有显著性差异,表明小麦玉米周年生产中主要是冬小麦播前翻耕对夏玉米产量及根特性指标起主要作用。综合比较3种不同的耕作方式,冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米免耕(MN)是黄淮海区夏玉米生产最为适宜的耕作方式。 相似文献
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我国主要粮食作物区域布局变化研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文结合农业新阶段我国粮食生产形势,以基于GIS的中国耕作制度分区为基础,系统分析1985年以来我国粮食作物生产的区域变化,为目前及未来一段时间内的农业区域布局提供决策依据。本文研究结果即各主要粮食作物的区域变化趋势为：水稻主要产区长江中下游区、东南区和华南区,虽然播种面积呈下降趋势,而且在作物总播种面积中占的比例有所下降,但仍然处于绝对优势地位,分别占各区总播种面积的60％-70％,作为首要产区的长江中下游区的区位生产系数有所下降,东南区和华南区的区位系数呈上升趋势;小麦主产区黄淮海区和西北区在作物总播种面积中处于绝对优势地位,分别占总播种面积的50％左右,尤其黄淮海区占有绝对的优势地位,区位系数2000年上升为1．0616;玉米的主要产区为东北区和黄淮海区,东北区的玉米播种面积略有下降,但在该区播种面积比例仍然最大,占总播种面积的40％左右,东北区和黄淮海区的玉米产量在全国占绝对的优势地位,但两区的玉米生产区位系数有下降的趋势;大豆也以东北区为主要产区,播种面积比例最大,2000年占总播种面积30％．该区大豆总产量也呈持续增长态势,但区位生产系数略有下降。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨昆明地区马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)收后最适宜种植的作物及其最适播期,从而来提高复种指数和土地利用率。[方法]以马铃薯、大豆(Glycine max L.)和荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum L.)为试验材料,设计3种作物不同播期试验(6月29日、7月19日、8月8日、8月28日、9月17日、10月7日)。[结果]播期对不同作物的生长状况和产量都有明显的影响,大豆和荞麦的产量随播期的延迟呈下降趋势,适时早播有利于其高产,又可避免霜冻的危害;马铃薯的产量随播期的延迟呈先增后减的趋势。昆明地区马铃薯收后种植马铃薯的适宜时期是7月中下旬,在马铃薯收后最适宜种植的是荞麦和大豆,荞麦最迟播种的时间是7月中下旬,大豆最迟播种的时间是6月上旬。[结论]该研究可为昆明地区马铃薯收后作物的实际生产提供理论依据。 相似文献
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The sowing periods ensuring good sowing characteristics and soring longevity of seeds were studied. It was discovered that it is necessary to use seeds obtained from the crops of the optimal sowing periods during the years favorable in terms of humidity and heat. 相似文献
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不同玉米自交系耐深播能力的差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以45个玉米自交系为材料,在播深10 cm和15 cm条件下,研究了出苗率、根数、根长、中胚轴长、胚芽鞘长、中胚轴和胚芽鞘之和、苗长与玉米耐深播性的关系。结果表明,随着播深的增加,根长、中胚轴长、胚芽鞘长、中胚轴和胚芽鞘之和大体呈增加趋势,而出苗率、根数、苗长呈下降趋势。不同播深条件下出苗率和胚芽鞘长度的变异系数较大;而根长、根数和中胚轴的变异系数较小。在10 cm播深条件下的出苗率与胚芽鞘长、根长和苗长显著相关,而15 cm条件下的出苗率与中胚轴长、中胚轴和胚芽鞘之和、根数、根长、苗长显著相关。15 cm播深条件下的鉴定结果可以反映不同品种的耐深播能力。因此,在15 cm条件下,用出苗率、根数、根长、中胚轴长、中胚轴和胚芽鞘之和以及苗长按耐深播性强弱将45份自交系分成3组;同时,将45份自交系划分为Lancaster、四平头、PA、PB、BSSS和旅大红骨共6个亚群,其中Lancaster（Lan）、四平头(SPT)、PA的出苗率、根数、根长、中胚轴长、中胚轴和胚芽鞘之和以及苗长较高,含有较多耐深播系和中等耐深播系,为重要的耐深播种质类群。 相似文献
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Single-seed sowing increased pod yield at a reduced seeding rate by improving root physiological state of Arachis hypogaea 
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下载免费PDF全文 LIANG Xiao-yan GUO Feng FENG Ye ZHANG Jia-lei YANG Sha MENG Jing-jing LI Xin-guo WAN Shu-bo 《农业科学学报》2020,19(4):1019-1032
Double-seed sowing(two seeds per hole) is the dominant pattern of peanut sowing in China, but within-hole plant competition usually limits their growth and yield formation. Besides, the traditional double-seed sowing method does not facilitate mechanization during sowing. The objective of this study was to determine if single-seed sowing at a proper seeding rate yielded better than traditional double-seed sowing pattern and the differences of physiological metabolism of roots. A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive years to compare pod yields of single-seed sowing at 180 000(S180), 225 000(S225), and 270 000 seeds ha~(–1)(S270) with that of double-seed sowing at 270 000 seeds ha~(–1)(D270) using a completely randomized block design with four replications. And the root bleeding sap rate, nutrient content, and the main hormone contents in root bleeding sap were also comparatively investigated. Although the pod yields of single-seed sowing at the three densities were higher than that of traditional double-seed sowing(D270), S225 yielded better than the other two single-seed sowing treatments(S180 and S270). The increased pod yield in single-seed sowing at 225 000 seeds ha~(–1) was mainly due to the higher pod dry weight per plant and harvest index. The improved pod dry weight and shoot growth had closely relationship with the enhanced root physiological traits such as the increased root bleeding sap rate, content of free amino acids, soluble sugars, K~+, Mg~(2+), Zn~(2+), and Ca~(2+) of the individual plant root. The improved activity of root reductive, nitrate reductase(NR) and ATPase and higher zeatin and zeatin riboside(Z+ZR) content of root bleeding sap were alsocrucial to the pod and shoot growth of peanut. Single-seed sowing at a moderate seeding rate(S225) is a potential practice to increase pod yield and to save seed cost. 相似文献
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以首次提出的集中度指数、波动指数为主要指标,对湖南5种主要粮食作物近10 a生产集聚与波动状况进行了研究。结果表明,湖南省播种面积、产量的集中度指数排序分别为玉米>马铃薯>红薯>大豆>水稻、马铃薯>大豆>玉米>水稻>红薯,波动指数排序分别为大豆>红薯>玉米>马铃薯>水稻、马铃薯>玉米>大豆>红薯>水稻。明确了各主产区中播种面积和产量的稳定区、相对稳定区、波动区。 相似文献