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1.
利用氮平衡试验和饲养试验,研究了日粮不同粗蛋白(CP)水平(16.1%,14.3%,13.3%,12.4%和11.7%)对肥育猪生产性能、氮和能量平衡的影响。饲养试验选取体重约为(51.86±3.11)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪80头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复。平衡试验选取体重为(62.96±2.04)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪5头,按5×5拉丁方设计。结果表明,粪氮、尿氮、总氮、氮吸收和氮沉积均随日粮CP水平的降低而降低(P<0.01),而消化能(DE,%)和代谢能/总能(ME/GE,%)随日粮CP水平的降低而升高(P<0.05)。日粮CP水平显著影响了猪的生产性能和血清尿素氮浓度(P<0.05)。日粮中添加赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)和苏氨酸(Thr),可使肥育猪日粮CP水平从16.1%降低到13.3%,且大幅度降低氮排泄量而不影响其生产性能。  相似文献   

2.
为了研究玉米、糙米、糯米和抗性淀粉等不同谷物淀粉对断奶仔猪内脏组织蛋白质合成率(FSR)的影响,以16头28日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元杂交仔母猪(体重(8.0±0.4)kg)为试验对象,一次性大剂量腹腔注射L-[2H5]苯丙氨酸溶液后,测定了内脏组织蛋白质周转状况。结果表明,来源于玉米日粮组的淀粉促进了断奶仔猪内脏组织蛋白质的合成,其FSR高于糙米和抗性淀粉日粮组,显著高于糯米日粮组,且十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠、胰脏和肝脏的FSR分别比糯米日粮组高85.87%,47.47%,37.29%,56.29%,43.55%和17.63%。可见,日粮淀粉来源不同,对仔猪内脏组织FSR的影响也不同。  相似文献   

3.
谷氨酰胺（Gln）对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
76头杜洛克、长白、大约克三元杂交仔猪(随机分为4组,每组19头)进行饲养试验,探讨外源性Gln对28±2日龄断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重升高[其中1.2%Gln组差异显著（P<0.05）;平均日采食量降低（P＞0.05）];饲料转化率降低[其中1.2%Gln组差异显著（P<0.05）;腹泻率、腹泻频率及死亡率都降低（P＞0.05）]。提示：在早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加外源性Gln,可以提高饲料转化率,促进仔猪生长,降低仔猪腹泻率和死亡率。  相似文献   

4.
日粮添加DDGS对奶牛血液生化指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
从血液氨基酸及生化指标的层面分析日粮添加DDGS对奶牛机体代谢的影响,从而为DDGS在奶牛上的应用提供科学指导。试验选取48头泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛(DIM(99±58.6)d),按照产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近原则随机分为4组,分别为对照组玉米豆粕日粮(Ctrl)、13.3%的DDGS(DDGS1)、25.1%的DDGS(DDGS2)和34.1%的DDGS(DDGS3),每组12头。在试验第1,4,7周采集尾动脉血样,测定氨基酸组成和生化指标,如血糖、血尿氮、非酯化脂肪酸、胰岛素、谷氨酸脱氢酶等。随着日粮中DDGS比例的增加,血浆亮氨酸含量显著升高,赖氨酸有下降的趋势,必需氨基酸和总氨基酸呈先升高后降低趋势;血尿氮的含量显著降低(P0.01),非酯化脂肪酸、谷氨酸脱氢酶呈先增加后降低的趋势,血清中甘油三酯的含量有降低的趋势,然而未达到显著水平;DDGS的添加引起谷丙转氨酶的显著降低,DDGS1、DDGS2和DDGS3均低于Ctrl组(P0.05),其他血液指标在血清中的含量均无差异(P0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加DDGS未对奶牛的代谢产生不良影响,然而考虑到DDGS氨基酸组成相对单一,适宜的添加量约25%。  相似文献   

5.
研究日粮中不同赖氨酸水平对生长猪养分表观消化率、血清氨基酸含量和血清生化指标的影响.试验采用全收粪法进行,选用12头始重约为20 kg的长×大二元杂交阉公猪,按体重随机分为3个处理组,处理Ⅰ饲喂含赖氨酸0.65%的基础日粮,处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ在基础日粮中添加晶体赖氨酸盐酸盐,使赖氨酸含量分别为0.95%和1.25%,试验期为10 d.结果表明,该试验条件下,适宜的赖氨酸含量(处理Ⅱ组)使猪日粮养分表观消化率达到较好的水平,而降低赖氮酸含量(处理Ⅰ组)会使日粮能量、干物质、粗蛋白和磷的表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05);而降低或升高日粮赖氨酸水平会显著影响血清中丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Clu)、苏氨酸(Thr)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、酪氨酸(Tyr)和赖氨酸(Lys)的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);同时,处理Ⅰ组血清中血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清总蛋白(TP)的含量分别显著高于和低于处理Ⅱ组和处理Ⅲ组(P<0.05),但日粮不同赖氨酸水平对血清中血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量无显著影响(P>0.05).结果表明,在本试验条件下,20～35 kg生长猪日粮总赖氨酸建议需要量为0.95%.  相似文献   

6.
复方中草药添加剂对仔猪饲料代谢动力学的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过消化与饲养实验,研究中草药添加剂对仔猪的促生长作用机理。消化实验采用外源指示剂法,按照4×4完全拉丁方设计,用8头平均体重为9.65±1.26kg的35日龄杜长大三元杂交公猪进行了35天试验(其中预试期7天);饲养实验利用40日龄胎次相近、平均初重为10.19±1.86kg的断奶杜长大三元杂交仔猪5窝36头按照单因子随机区组设计,在经过28天的试验后结束时进行了空腹血液指标分析测定。试验得出的主要结论有:①中草药添加剂显著提高了断奶仔猪对饲料粗蛋白(CP)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率(P<0.05);中草药1组在提高饲料CP与ADF消化方面分别比喹乙醇组高14.68%、38%;②中草药添加剂显著提高了仔猪血液血小板数(PLT)(P<0.05);③中草药添加剂组比喹乙醇组显著降低了仔猪血液谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的浓度(P<0.05),提高了血液葡萄糖(Glu)的浓度(P<0.05),中草药添加剂的安全性需要重新评估。④中草药添加剂提高了血液总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肌酸激酶(CK)的含量,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果:复方中草药添加剂通过提高仔猪对饲料粗蛋白质与酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率、增强蛋白质与葡萄糖的吸收、加快糖类在体内的代谢,达到对仔猪促生长作用的效果;中草药添加剂在猪饲料中的安全使用需要进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

7.
为研究纳米蒙脱石替代氧化锌对仔猪部分血清生化指标和粪中锌残留的影响,试验选取84头体重相近长大二元杂断奶仔猪,按体重和性别将其随机分为3个组,每组4个重复,每个重复7头(公母比例为4:3).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅰ(氧化锌组)和试验组Ⅱ(纳米蒙脱石组)分别在基础日粮中添加3 000 mg/kg氧化锌和3 000 mg/kg纳米蒙脱石.试验期为28 d.结果表明,在试验第14 天和28 天时添加纳米蒙脱石血清锌浓度比氧化锌组分别降低53.10%和45.31%(P<0.05),粪锌含量分别降低69.61%和67.89%(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶活性(Alkaline phosphatase,AKP)分别降低36.03%和48.99%(P<0.05),而对血清尿素氮(Serum urea nitrogen,SUN)、血清总蛋白(Total protein,TP)和血糖(Glucose,GLU)无明显影响.  相似文献   

8.
为研究日粮中添加千里光超微粉对仔猪生长性能和部分血清生化指标的影响,选取体重为10 kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪90头,按随机区组设计、公母各半的原则,将仔猪分成5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂添加75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素的日粮,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%千里光超微粉的日粮。试验期为30天。结果发现,添加千里光超微粉能提高仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量,降低料肉比,其中添加0.8%的千里光超微粉能显著提高仔猪的平均日增重(P＜0.05)、显著降低料肉比(P＜0.05),且与Ⅱ组的效果相当(P＞0.05);添加千里光超微粉能在一定程度上提高血清GLU、TG、T3、T4、IGF-I含量,降低血清BUN含量,其中添加0.8%的千里光超微粉能显著提高血清T3、IGF-I的含量(P＜0.05),显著降低BUN含量(P＜0.05)。表明仔猪日粮中添加0.8%的千里光超微粉能显著提高仔猪平均日增重和血清T3、IGF-I含量,显著降低料肉比和血清BUN含量,改善仔猪的生长性能。  相似文献   

9.
摘要:为了研究日粮蛋白质和淀粉水平对肉牛日粮淀粉瘤胃发酵和小肠消化的影响,试验选择体重650 kg 左右,安装有瘤胃、真胃瘘管的荷斯坦（Holstein）公牛4 头,按4×4拉丁方实验设计分别饲喂精粗比和进食量相同的4 种蛋白质和淀粉水平日粮,以三氧化二铬（Cr2O3）作真胃食糜标记物,全收粪法收集粪样,测定真胃食糜和粪便中的淀粉流量及在瘤胃内、真胃后段消化道（简称肠道）内的表观消化率。结果表明日粮蛋白质和淀粉水平对瘤胃淀粉发酵率和全消化道的淀粉表观消化率没有显著影响(p>0.05),瘤胃淀粉发酵率和全消化道淀粉的表观消化率分别为83.5%和97.4%,日粮淀粉水平明显影响瘤胃发酵和小肠消化的淀粉量(p<0.05),并随淀粉进食量减少而下降(p<0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
为研究日粮中不同比例小麦替代玉米对奶牛氮代谢参数的影响,选择8头泌乳天数为84±17 d,体重为569±47 kg的经产中国荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,采用重复4×4拉丁方设计,分别饲喂含不同比例粉碎小麦（ GW）和粉碎玉米（GC）的日粮,4个处理组分别为（DM基础）：W0组（0％GW＋27．9％GC）,W9．6组（9．6％GW＋19．2％GC）,W19．2组（19．2％GW＋9．6％GC）和W28．8组（28．8％GW＋0％GC）。结果表明：奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白产量未受影响;随着日粮中小麦比例的增加,奶牛的干物质采食量（DMI）呈二次曲线增加趋势（P＝0．07）,牛奶尿素氮（MUN）浓度线性增加（P＜0．01）,且W28．8组显著高于W0和W19．2组（P＜0．01）;粪氮排出量未受日粮影响,尿氮排出量呈线性增加趋势（P＝0．08）;尿氮（P＝0．02）和总排出氮（粪氮＋尿氮）（P＝0．05）占食入氮的比例呈二次曲线降低;尿素氮产量（P＜0．01）及其占总尿氮的比例（P＝0．03）线性增加,且W19．2和W28．8组的尿素氮产量显著高于（P＝0．01）其他2组;尿中尿囊素（P＝0．05）和总嘌呤（P＝0．09）产量呈线性降低趋势,W9．6组的微生物氮产量显著（P＝0．02）高于W28．8组。结果提示：泌乳盛期奶牛日粮中用9．6％的粉碎小麦替代玉米效果最佳,高比例的小麦替代玉米（ W28．8组）时能够增加尿氮及奶和尿中尿素氮的排出量,降低微生物氮的合成。  相似文献   

11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

12.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

13.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

14.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

16.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

17.
T. Visser  E. H. Oost 《Euphytica》1981,30(1):65-70
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.  相似文献   

18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...  相似文献   

19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf 1) and recessive for the other (Rf 2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph 3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf 1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf 1and Rf 2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf 1, and 0.15 for Lf 1-Sph 3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph 3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf 1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph 3. Poor performance of lf 1- (and possibly lf 2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).  相似文献   

20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.  相似文献   

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