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构建日光温室环境预测模型,准确预测温室环境变化有助于精准调控作物生长环境,促进果蔬生长。而温室小气候环境数据多参数并存、耦合关系复杂,且具有时序性和非线性,难以建立准确的预测模型。针对以上问题,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化的长短期记忆网络(LSTM)温室环境预测模型,实现了温室环境数据的精准预测。实验结果表明,采用SSA自动进行参数选优的方式,解决了LSTM模型参数手动选择的难题,大幅缩短模型训练时间,且最优的网络参数能够发挥模型的最佳性能。对日光温室内空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、CO2浓度和光照强度6种环境参数进行预测,SSA-LSTM平均拟合指数高达97.6%,相比BP、门控循环单元(GRU)、LSTM,其预测拟合指数分别提升8.1、4.1、4.3个百分点,预测精度明显提升。 相似文献
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基于时序分析法的温室温度预测模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
针对现有温室环境控制系统无法对下一时段温室温度进行精确预测的问题,提出采用时序分析法建立温度预测模型的方法。以圆拱型连栋薄膜温室2001年6月6日~2002年9月16日间的温度为例,首先对温度序列进行一阶年度差分处理来实现序列的平稳化;然后根据一阶年度差分序列自相关系数和偏相关系数的特点,提出采用ARMA（p,q）模型来拟合温室温度;最后根据方差估计和误差平方和最小的原则,确定了一个ARMA（4,4）模型作为夏季温室温度的1步预测模型。试验结果表明,模型预测值与实测值相比,最大绝对误差为0.8℃、最大相对误差为3.2%,平均绝对误差为0.2℃、平均相对误差为 相似文献
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温度是设施生产中作物生长的主要制约因素之一,提前预测温室温度对精准调控温室环境具有重要的指导意义。因此提出一种基于灰狼优化算法的长短期记忆网络模型预测温室温度,该模型利用灰狼优化算法(Grey Wolf Optimizer, GWO)对长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM)模型参数进行调整优化。以江苏省农业科学院阳光板温室2020年9月23日—12月21日期间的试验数据对该方法进行验证。结果显示：在预测时间步长30 min时,GWO-LSTM的预测均方根误差、平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分比误差和决定系数分别为0.677 6、0.411 4、0.168 7和0.960 4。在预测时间步长60 min内,GWO-LSTM模型预测精度均高于标准LSTM和反向传播人工神经网络(Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network, BP-ANN)。说明所提出的GWO-LSTM模型能够准确地预测未来温室内温度变化,可为制定温室环境智能调控策略提供有效的数据支撑。 相似文献
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单栋塑料温室内温度场CFD三维稳态模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为分析单栋塑料温室内的温度场分布情况,建立了包括温室内外空间、室内作物和土壤层等的温室环境几何模型,在分析太阳辐射及各部分热交换的基础上,对单栋塑料温室内的温度场进行了3-D稳态模拟.热辐射传递过程采用蒙特卡罗法模拟,将室内作物简化为连续固体换热模型并采用剪应力输运模型表述空气紊流.结果显示:模型预测值均高于实测值,绝对误差均小于2.2℃,平均相对误差为6.7％.气流对温室内温度和均匀性影响较大,温室进风口侧的温度低于出风口侧.作物简化为连续固体的假设用于室内空气部分的温度预测具有一定的可行性,但预测值会高一些. 相似文献
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日光温室根区热环境相变调控系统设计与性能试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索一种节能高效的日光温室热环境调控模式,以鞍II型日光温室为原型制作试验温室模型并设计了相配套的日光温室根区热环境相变调控系统,包括相变集热单元、潜热储存与交换单元、根温调节单元、循环泵组和循环管路5部分,并制定出系统热性能测试方案。通过对比试验,研究系统在单路循环模式下运行对日光温室模型室内空气、栽培基质不同深度温度的调节效果,以及对温室模型中紫叶生菜幼苗生长指标的影响。结果表明,冬季运行条件下,系统可以有效蓄积太阳辐射热,实现日光温室的高效能量收集和热环境调控,减少室内空气温度波动,提高基质根区温度。典型晴天天气测试时,试验温室20 cm深度处基质平均温度均高于对照温室。此外,与对照温室相比较,试验温室中生菜幼苗的株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、最大叶宽可分别提高13.4%、11.9%、79.1%、35.3%,表明试验温室内热环境更利于紫叶生菜幼苗的生长。 相似文献
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叶片湿润时间（LWD）是植物病害模型的重要输入变量之一，它与许多叶部病原菌的侵染有关，影响病原侵染和发育速率。为了准确地预测日光温室黄瓜病害的发生时间和方位，本研究于2019年3月和9月在北京两个不同类型日光温室内按照棋盘格法设置了9个采样点部署温湿光传感器和目测叶片湿润时间，每隔1 h采集一次温度、湿度、辐射和叶片湿润数据进行定量估算分析。分析结果表明：BP神经网络模型在两个温室的试验条件下获得了相似的准确度（ACC为0.90和0.92），比相对湿度经验模型估算叶片湿润时间的准确度（ACC为0.82和0.84）更高，平均绝对误差MAE分别为1.81和1.61 h，均方根误差RSME分别为2.10和1.87，决定系数R2分别为0.87和0.85；在晴天和多云天气条件下，叶片湿润时间的空间分布总体规律是南部＞中部＞北部，南面是叶片湿润平均时间（12.17 h/d）最长的区域；由东向西方向上，叶片湿润时间的空间分布总体规律是东部＞西部＞中部，中部是叶片湿润平均时间（4.83 h/d）最短的区域；雨天的叶片湿润平均时间比晴天和多云长，春季和秋季分别为17.15和17.41 h/d。这些变化和差异对温室黄瓜种群水平方向的叶片湿润时间分布具有重要影响，与大多数高湿性黄瓜病害的发生规律密切相关。本研究为预测温室黄瓜病害分布提供了有价值的参考，对控制病害流行和减少农药使用具有重要意义，提出的区域化分析温室内叶片湿润时间的方法，可以为模拟日光温室叶片湿润时间的空间分布提供参考。 相似文献
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基于物联网的日光温室冠层特征温度时空变化规律分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对日光温室冬季反季节生产中冠层温度时空分布不均的问题,以典型西北日光温室为研究对象,建立了40通道PT100温度场监测系统,对冬季番茄冠层全天候动态温度数据进行采集,在此基础上,采用克里金插值算法进行冠层温度场建模,通过差分进化算法获取温度极值点,分析了不同天气条件下冠层特征温度的时空变化规律。结果表明,晴天、多云天、阴（雨）天插值验证的R2均大于0.94,平均均方根误差分别为1.34、0.95、0.40℃,该算法更适用于阴（雨）天及夜间低温冠层温度场的插值;在不同天气条件下,温室冠层温度全天整体上呈现西高东低、内高外低的趋势,阴（雨）天温室内温度整体变化规律趋于一致,晴天、多云天气揭被后,受外界光辐射等因素影响室内温度分布差异性较大,晴天夜间温度的下降程度大于阴（雨）天;冠层极值点分布结果表明,在不同天气条件下,极值特征点在日光温室中分布区域基本相同,冠层最高温点主要位于温室中部[22.0m,2.5m]附近,最低温点主要位于温室东部外膜[4.0m,5.48m]附近。日光温室冠层极值特征点的获取为温室栽培、温度灾害监测与传感器部署等研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献