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1.
摄食不同饵料对翘嘴鳜生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探究三种不同饵料对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)生长性能、体成分和消化酶的影响,实验选取初始体重为(113.56±11.82)g的翘嘴鳜900尾,随机分成3组,分别投喂活饵料鱼、冰鲜饵料鱼和商品饲料,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果显示:(1)冰鲜组、活饵组和饲料组翘嘴鳜的成活率、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白效率均无显著性差异。饲料组翘嘴鳜肥满度显著小于其他两组,肝体比和脏体比均显著大于其他两组。(2)三组翘嘴鳜体成分中的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分均没有显著性差异。(3)翘嘴鳜肌肉各种氨基酸含量和总氨基酸量在三组之间的差异均不显著。饲料组翘嘴鳜肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸中的棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、EPA、神经酸、DHA的含量及总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于其他两组。(4)肝脏脂肪酶、肠道淀粉酶的活性在三组翘嘴鳜之间均没有显著性差异。冰鲜组翘嘴鳜肝脏淀粉酶、肠道脂肪酶活性均显著高于其他两组。结果表明:翘嘴鳜经过驯化可以摄食配合饲料,且不影响其生长性能。翘嘴鳜摄食饲料后,其肌肉氨基酸没有发生显著性的变化,不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著升高。  相似文献   

2.
徐凯慧  陈云峰  章玉贵  李小勤  冷向军 《水产学报》2023,47(10):109603-109603
为了探究饲料中补充不同水平丁酸钠对草鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、血清生化指标和肠道组织形态的影响，分别添加0 mg/kg (SB0)、1 000 mg/kg (SB1)、2 000 mg/kg(SB2)和3 000 mg/kg (SB3)的微囊丁酸钠(含50%丁酸钠)至基础饲料中，设计4组等氮等脂的实验饲料。选取300尾体质健康的草鱼(10.0±0.1) g，分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复25尾鱼，放置在水泥池中养殖8周。结果显示，各组草鱼增重率为273.7%～279.9%，饲料系数为1.55～1.60，饲料中补充丁酸钠对草鱼生长性能和体成分无显著影响。与对照组相比，添加不同水平的丁酸钠均显著提高了肠道蛋白酶活性和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，降低了血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性，SB1组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著升高，而SB2和SB3组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低。各组肠道淀粉酶活性、血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)和D-乳酸(D-LA)无显著差异。在肠道组织学方面，各丁酸钠补充组肠道绒毛高度和SB1、SB2组肌层厚度显著...  相似文献   

3.
Juvenile matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, were submitted to sustained swimming for 72 days at 1.0 body length s?1. Exercised fish (EF) grew more than non‐EF and their feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved; haematological responses demonstrated a decrease in haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin contents and increase in the mean cell volume. In the plasma, sodium, ammonia and amino acid concentrations increased; plasma triglycerides decreased while free fatty acids increased. Liver glucose, free amino acids, ammonia, the rate protein per fish weight and total lipid content increased, while the glycogen per fish ratio declined. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased while pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased. White muscle glucose, lactate, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and total lipid content exhibited a decrease in their values; ammonia, free amino acids and the protein per fish‐weight ratio increased. GDH and PK decreased their activities. In the red muscle glycogen store, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and glucose were reduced. Juvenile matrinxãs, under sustained swimming, were physiologically and biochemically adapted to exercise as indicated by improved blood flow, transport and oxygen uptake, FCR, amino acid and protein incorporation and growth. Continuous exercise is a good practice for B. cephalus cultivation.  相似文献   

4.
Barramundi nutrition research has been undertaken since the 1980s. From that time to the present, the requirements for most nutrients, energy demand, ingredient utilization and the effects of nutrition on flesh quality aspects have all been examined to varying extents. Optimal protein content of diets has been shown to vary with diet energy density and also the size of fish that are being fed. Most studies have suggested a protein requirement from 450 to 550 g kg?1. For small fish, a protein to energy ratio of 25 to 30 g MJ?1 is suggested. Limited work has been carried out on fish larger than 500 g. The 10 essential amino acids for other fish are also considered to be required by barramundi. Proportional requirements have been identified for methionine, lysine and arginine. Protein utilization efficiency by barramundi has been estimated at 46% efficiency. Iteratively determined protein and amino acid requirements suggest that the requirement for protein and amino acids will decrease with increasing fish size and are largely consistent with empirically determined requirements. Lipid requirements for energy and essential fatty acids (EFAs) show that smaller fish performed the best with a dietary lipid level of 140–160 g kg?1, while growth of larger fish continued to improve with lipid levels up to 190 g kg?1, although no higher levels were examined. EFA requirements have been identified for long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids and minimum levels of 10 g kg?1 have been indicated. An optimal ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids of 1.5 to 1.8:1 was also suggested. Barramundi have shown limited capacity to utilize dietary carbohydrates for energy, with starch digestibilities below 30% at even low inclusion levels. Barramundi also exhibit limited glycaemic control, being unable to rapidly reduce blood glucose levels. Requirements have been demonstrated for several key vitamins and quantitative requirements determined for varying forms of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Quantitative requirements have also been established for pyridoxine and pantothenic acid but only qualitative assessments for other key vitamins. Few mineral requirements have been identified. Phosphorus is the only mineral to be studied and a requirement between 5.5 and 6.5 g kg?1 is suggested. Energy demands of barramundi have been shown to be largely driven by thermodynamic demands on metabolic requirements and the demand for somatic energy deposition. Energy utilization by barramundi has been estimated as 68% efficient. Energy demands for maintenance are shown to be related to liveweight by an exponent of about 0.8. Variations in temperature are shown to vary the maintenance energy requirement but do not affect the efficiency of energy utilization. Feed management through feed specification selection has been shown to be possible through selection of feed protein and energy content based on the fish's change in somatic energy density. Typically, this leads to the use of lower protein and higher energy density feeds with larger fish. Ration allocation based on changes in fish size and temperatures has been studied from both iterative and empirical perspectives, and tables were developed based on these findings. Several key feed ingredients have been evaluated for their digestibility, palatability and energy and nutrient utilization. Among those ingredients were meat meals, lupin kernel meals, soybean meals and some plant oils. Limited effects of feed ingredients on flesh quality have been noted, although some effects of diet nutrient and energy specifications have been noted.  相似文献   

5.
以初始体重为(118.42±4.38) g的黄鳝(Monopterus albus)为研究对象,研究越冬对黄鳝机体生化组成及部分血清生理生化指标的影响。实验结果显示,与越冬前相比,1) 越冬后黄鳝全鱼、肝脏和肌肉组成显著改变,越冬后鱼体粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05),鱼体水分和粗灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05),肝体比和肝糖原含量极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏粗脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05),肌肉中总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量极显著升高(P<0.01),肌肉中饱和脂肪酸含量极显著降低(P<0.01),多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05);2) 越冬后黄鳝血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖和总蛋白含量以及血清氨基酸发生显著改变,越冬导致黄鳝血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖含量显著降低(P<0.05),总蛋白含量极显著升高(P<0.01),黄鳝血清中总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),但越冬对血清总胆固醇和尿素氮含量、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力无显著影响。上述结果表明,越冬期间黄鳝营养物质消耗以肝糖原和鱼体脂肪为主,越冬后肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成显著改变。  相似文献   

6.
Serum biochemical analysis was undertaken to study the pathophysiological details of emaciation disease of the tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel). Serum parameters were measured by biochemical analysis using automated dry chemistry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Serum concentrations of albumin, amylase, calcium, creatinine, glucose and total protein were significantly lower in the emaciated fish when compared with those of normal fish. Regression analyses found close correlation between concentrations of total protein, albumin, amylase, glucose and progress of the disease. In contrast, serum alanine aminotransferase increased significantly in emaciated fish indicating liver function disorder. Further, GC/MS metabolic profiling of the puffer serum showed that the profile of the emaciated fish was distinct to that of non‐infected control. The serum content of amino acids including glycine, 5‐oxo‐proline and proline, and ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and glycerol increased significantly in serum in moderately emaciated fish. The serum glucose, linolenic acid and tyrosine level decreased significantly in the late phase of the disease. Our results clearly show that prolonged intestinal damage caused by myxosporean infection impairs absorption of nutrients, resulting in extreme emaciation.  相似文献   

7.
马莹莹  贾永义  顾亭亭  张志勇  王童  张美玲  杜震宇  乔芳 《水产学报》2023,47(7):079610-1-079610-14
甘露寡糖是一种新型饲料添加剂，它具有保护肠道健康和降血糖的功能。然而，甘露寡糖对于鱼类肌肉品质的影响并无系统性报道。为此，本实验选择均重为2g左右的健康尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼315尾，随机分成对照组（Control，糖含量为35%）、高糖处理组（HC，糖含量为45%）和高糖饲料中添加甘露寡糖处理组（HM，糖含量为45%，甘露寡糖添加量为0.5%），每组3缸，每缸35尾，投喂10周后，测定其生长指标、肌肉营养成分和质构特性等相关指标。结果显示，与对照组相比，HC组尼罗罗非鱼肝体比，肌肉内聚性，肌纤维数量、肌苷酸含量、鲜味氨基酸占比、支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸比例、甘油三酯含量以及可促进肌肉生长的钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白基因CAST 相对表达量均显著升高；肌肉硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性、肌纤维直径、蒸煮损失，必需氨基酸占比以及在肌纤维的分化中起着重要作用的MyoG基因 相对表达量以及脂肪酸、甘油二酯和磷脂酰肌醇含量显著降低。与HC组相比，HM组尼罗罗非鱼的肌肉弹性、必需氨基酸占比，脂肪酸和甘油二酯含量以及CAST基因相对表达量显著增加；肌肉粘力、肌纤维数量、肌苷酸含量，磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰胆碱含量以及MyoG基因相对表达量均显著降低。与对照组相比，HM组尼罗罗非鱼增重率和肌肉内聚性，支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸比例，甘油三酯和脂肪酸含量显著增加；肝体比，肌肉硬度、咀嚼性以及磷脂含量均显著降低。上述结果表明，高糖饲喂可以使罗非鱼肌肉的保水能力增强，其肌肉更嫩更柔软紧密，提升肌肉鲜味，但会降低氨基酸营养价值。在添加甘露寡糖后，可以促进尼罗罗非鱼生长，提高产肉率和肌肉持水力，并且肌肉更加柔软紧密且富有弹性，提高氨基酸营养价值，但是会降低磷脂含量。  相似文献   

8.
海水仔稚鱼早期阶段氨基酸的营养生理研究进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
深海海鱼鱼卵中的游离氨基酸占鱼卵总氨基酸含量的近50％（干重），游离氨基酸库中的游离氨基酸似乎是卵黄蛋白的水解产物。仔鱼吸收卵黄内源营养的过程中，游离氨基酸库中的游离氨基酸逐渐减少，到仔鱼开始摄食时，库中的游离氨基酸已近枯竭，游离氨基酸不仅是代谢能源，而且是体蛋白合成的基本原料，仔鱼开始摄食后，氨基酸作为分解代谢的重要物质，可能有高达60％的能量由氨基酸提供，由于仔稚鱼的生长主要是通过合成蛋白质增加鱼体的重量，加之仔稚鱼的生长速度很高，因此，仔稚鱼需要其饲料中有较高的氨基酸含量。仔鱼开始摄食后，其消化系统对蛋白质的水解和吸收能力较弱，海水仔稚鱼的早期阶段，仔鱼的肠道对游离氨基酸的吸收要高于对多肽和蛋白质中氨基酸的吸收，仔鱼开始摄食后，由浮游生物获得大量的游离氨基酸，用微粒饲料培育仔稚鱼，微脂粒技术可能是向饲料中添加游离氨基酸的实用技术。  相似文献   

9.
High dietary content of vegetable oil (VO) has been associated with increased intestinal lipid accumulations in fish. The extent of this in aquacultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and its health effects are not certain. Samples were therefore collected from two separate feeding trials to investigate the effect of high dietary VO on intestinal lipid accumulations in Atlantic salmon. In the first trial, the fish were fed diets high in plant protein and with fish oil or ~80% of the fish oil replaced with either olive oil, rapeseed oil or soybean oil in a land‐based experimental set‐up. The second trial was performed in sea cages under commercial production conditions, and the fish were fed two dietary concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (9.7% or 5.5% EPA + DHA of total fatty acids). Neither dietary VO nor variations in EPA and DHA led to any significant effects on intestinal health or lipid accumulations. There were, however, indications of a delayed lipid transport in the rapeseed oil‐fed fish of the first trial, possibly caused by high dietary ≥18‐carbon fatty acids and low dietary 16:0 fatty acid and cholesterol.  相似文献   

10.
胡凯  陈康  冯琳  姜维丹  刘杨  周小秋 《水产学报》2022,46(10):1957-1968
[目的]本实验探索了磷对生长期草鱼肌肉常规营养组成和理化特性,肌肉中游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸和游离脂肪酸组成的影响。[方法]实验选择初始体重为（256.22 ± 0.60 g）的健康草鱼540尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂含有效磷0.95（基础饲料组,未添加）、2.46、3.96、5.68、7.10和8.75 g/kg的饲料60天。[结果]结果显示,饲料中适宜水平的磷显著提高了生长期草鱼肌肉蛋白质、水分、羟脯氨酸、∑氨基酸、∑鲜味氨基酸（UAAs）、∑甜味氨基酸（SAAs）、肌苷酸（IMP）、∑不饱和脂肪酸、∑多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量以及pH0和pH12,而肌肉剪切力、组织蛋白酶B和L活力、乳酸、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量显著降低（P < 0.05）。适宜水平的磷还显著提高了PUFA/UFA及n-3 PUFAs/n-6 PUFAs比值,IMP和∑呈味氨基酸（UAAs+SAAs） 的滋味活性值（TAV）均大于1。[结论]结果表明,适宜水平有效磷提高了生长期草鱼（254.56-898.23 g）肌肉蛋白质含量、肌肉嫩度、系水力和pH值,增加肌肉风味氨基酸、核苷酸和脂肪酸含量,进而提高鱼类肌肉品质。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a dietary amino acid imbalance, originating from the use of a soy protein concentrate (SPC) as the major protein source, on the growth performance and amino acid metabolism of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) postlarvae. Senegalese sole (85.6±24.6 mg wet weight) were fed one of two experimental diets: one based on fish meal (FM) and another based on SPC. Diets were isonitrogenous (around 56% crude protein) and isoenergetic. Diet acceptability was very good and the growth rate was 6.9% day?1 for sole eating the FM diet and 6.0% day?1 for sole eating the SPC diet. Mass‐specific ammonia excretion and the activities of selected amino acid metabolic enzymes (ALAT, ASAT and GDH) did not present significant differences between treatments, although this may have been due to the high variability found for these parameters in the SPC treatment. This variability may suggest different capacities of individual fish to adapt to the possible methionine dietary deficiency. The utilization of amino acids as a substrate for lipogenesis does not seem to be affected by the dietary protein source, since NAPDH‐generating enzymes (G6PD and ME) had similar activities in both treatments. Amino acid metabolism in Senegalese sole postlarvae seems to be slightly affected by the dietary protein source. Nevertheless, the changes induced by the SPC diet do not seem to impair growth, at least at the high dietary protein level used in this experiment.  相似文献   

12.
由于水电梯级开发和过度捕捞等人类活动影响,长江上游珍稀特有鱼类圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）资源量显著下降。增殖放流是保护该物种的有效途径之一,而人工繁育过程中为圆口铜鱼提供营养全面的饲料对其性腺发育至关重要。通过分析比较不同年龄和性腺发育阶段的圆口铜鱼肌肉营养成分、肌肉和性腺氨基酸组成,可为其人工饲料的开发提供基础数据。结果显示：(1)随着年龄的增长,圆口铜鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均呈先降低、后增加的趋势;(2)性腺从II 期到IV 期的发育过程中,圆口铜鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均升高;(3)性腺中谷氨酸和亮氨酸在所有氨基酸中的占比较高,分别为9.82%和6.74%,其中10 种氨基酸的含量、必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量均显著低于肌肉组织中的含（P<0.05）,而每100 g 蛋白质中脯氨酸（3.19±0.22）g 和丝氨酸（3.56±0.27）g 含量显著高于肌肉组织中的含（P<0.05）。研究表明,圆口铜鱼肌肉营养成分、氨基酸组成与其年龄和发育期有着密切联系。随着性腺发育,其肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量呈增加趋势,谷氨酸、亮氨酸和脯氨酸在圆口铜鱼性腺发育过程中可能起关键作用。  相似文献   

13.
A feeding trial using five semi-purified diets (50% crude protein) was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary amino acid patterns on growth and body composition of juvenile Japanese flounder. The control diet contained casein and gelatin as intact protein sources and four other diets contained 30% casein–gelatin (2:1, w/w) and 20% crystalline amino acids (CAA). CAA were added to the diets to simulate the amino acid pattern found in red sea bream egg protein (REP), Japanese flounder larvae whole body protein (FLP), Japanese flounder juvenile whole body protein (FJP), and brown fish meal protein (BFP), respectively. The test diets were fed to triplicate groups of juveniles (2.75±0.05 g) twice a day for 40 days to evaluate weight gain, survival, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and apparent protein utilization (APU). The apparent retention of total dietary amino acids in the whole body and A/E ratios of the whole body were also evaluated. The highest weight gain was observed in fish fed the diet containing the dietary amino acid pattern of BFP followed by fish fed the control, FJP, FLP and the REP diets. Percent survival, FCE, PER and APU were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by the amino acid pattern in the diets, indicating the highest value in fish fed the BFP diet. Except for a few amino acids, the amino acid composition of the whole body did not show marked differences with different dietary amino acid pattern. Results suggest that BFP could be more suitable as a reference amino acid pattern in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder compared to the amino acid pattern of FLP, FJP or REP.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT:   The effects of dietary taurine levels and lipid contents on the conjugated bile acid composition and growth performance of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Six types of diet (three different levels of taurine at two different levels of lipid) were fed to juveniles (average body weight, 0.04 g). Fishmeal that was washed with 70% ethanol to remove taurine was used as the sole protein source. Feeding experiments were carried out at 20°C for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiments, fish were weighed and analyzed for free amino acids in the body and the composition of the conjugated bile acids. The body weight and percent weight gain of the juveniles were improved by the dietary taurine supplementation. The taurine contents of the whole body and tissues increased with the increase of the dietary taurine contents. The conjugated bile acids in the gall bladder consisted of taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, which increased with the increase of the dietary taurine level. Taurocholic acid accounted for more than 95% of the total conjugated bile acids. This indicates that taurine is the sole amino acid to conjugate bile acid in Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

15.
As part of the investigation into cysteine metabolism in fish, sulfur amino acids and their derivatives were injected intraperitoneally to fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to examine how the doses of these compounds affect the hepatic cysteine dioxygenase [EC 1.12.11.20] in this species. A dose of 0.25 mmol L-cysteine per 100 g body weight induced the enzyme activity as much as 2.5 times that of the control fish within 4h after the injection. The activity increased proportionally to the increasing dose of cysteine up to the dose of 0.15 mmol per 100 g body weight. The induction was observed to be rather specific to L-cysteine. These findings suggested that the cysteine sulfinate pathway might play an important role in the metabolism of excess cysteine in rainbow trout. The dosage of L-cysteine larger than 0.50 mmol per 100g body weight led to mortality of the fish. The pathway of cysteine catabolism was considered to function to prevent toxic accumulation of cysteine in rainbow trout, as in the case of mammals.  相似文献   

16.
本文论述了在鱼类养殖中使用氨基酸的特点,如种类、氨基酸的平衡、互补作用、限制性氨基酸的应用、鱼类对必需氨基酸的需要量。氨基酸在鱼类养殖业的作用。以及鱼用氨基酸的生产、使用。  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this work was to investigate the biochemical properties of fermented product of half-fin anchovy (HAFP; Setipinna taty) made by Natto bacillus fermentation—including molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, solubility, foaming, and emulsifying profiles. Furthermore, the influences of thermal processing, pH alteration, and in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on the antioxidative stability of HAFP in terms of the scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazayl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. Results showed that HAFP contained small peptides (< 1,500 Da) and free amino acids. The amounts of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids were 155.219 and 178.636 mg/g of dry HAFP, respectively. Moreover, HAFP contained high levels of antioxidative and hydrophobic amino acids. In suitable pH values, HAFP exhibited good solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The antioxidative activity of HAFP on the scavenging DPPH radical increased after thermal processing. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of HAFP was enhanced slightly or dramatically after being treated under pH values from 3 to 6, or in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. It can be concluded that HAFP could have potential application in foods as a natural antioxidative ingredient.  相似文献   

18.
脂肪酸对鱼类免疫系统的影响及调控机制研究进展   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  
左然涛  麦康森  徐玮  艾庆辉 《水产学报》2015,39(7):1079-1088
替代脂肪源的开发和利用是解决鱼油短缺问题的必然选择。然而,随着替代水平的提高,鱼体常常表现免疫水平和抗病能力降低。鱼油替代的本质为脂肪酸替代,深入研究脂肪酸与鱼类免疫的关系显得尤为重要。本实验综述了脂肪酸对鱼类免疫性能的影响及调控机制。饱和脂肪酸会降低鱼类免疫力,而适量添加n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)、共轭亚油酸(CLA)或提高n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比例有利于鱼体免疫力发挥;饲料中脂肪酸主要通过细胞膜结构、信号传导、类花生四烯酸、细胞因子和类固醇激素等途径对鱼类免疫进行调控。脂肪酸与鱼类的免疫性能具有高度相关性,而调控机制的研究尚有较大空间。未来研究应该侧重于以下几个方面:脂肪酸对免疫相关转录因子的调控机制;鱼类肠道脂肪酸组成改变与菌群结构和免疫性能之间的相关性;环境因子对鱼体脂肪代谢和免疫力的影响;非脂肪酸成分(矿物质、维生素)对鱼类脂肪酸代谢和免疫过程的调控机制。  相似文献   

19.
为了研究饥饿对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响,取大黄鱼幼鱼540尾,体重均值为(40.80±3.40)g,分组进行为期0 d(S0)、4 d(S4)、8 d(S8)、12 d(S12)、16 d(S16)、20 d(S20)的饥饿处理,测定背部肌肉的氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果显示,测定的大黄鱼背肌的16种氨基酸中,蛋氨酸含量在不同饥饿处理时间之间差异显著(P0.05),饥饿持续8 d其含量达到最小(0.48%±0.12%),16 d时达到最高(1.62%±0.23%);其余15种氨基酸含量的差异均不显著(P0.05),但均表现出随着饥饿时间延长先上升后下降的趋势,在16 d时达到最高,20 d时明显降低。非必需氨基酸、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸及氨基酸总量的变化趋势与上述15种氨基酸一致。在不同饥饿处理组的大黄鱼背肌中脂肪酸含量差异显著(P0.05)。其中,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量随着饥饿时间延长呈先升高后下降的趋势,在S8组达到最大,为30.90%±0.28%;单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量在不同处理组之间差异不显著(P0.05),但所有处理组均稍大于对照组(S0);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则呈先下降后升高的趋势,在S12组时达到最低,其值为31.87%±0.65%。由上可知,通过适当的饥饿处理,可以改变肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量,从而较好地改善大黄鱼的肉质风味。  相似文献   

20.
鱼类肠道内存在着大量的微生物类群,其在宿主生长发育、代谢及免疫调控过程中扮演着重要的角色。大量研究显示肠道菌群与宿主脂代谢关系密切,能够通过调节肠道短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)、内毒素(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)、胆汁酸、氧化三甲胺等菌群代谢产物以及肠上皮细胞的通透性,影响宿主脂质代谢。本文对国内外鱼类肠道菌群及其与机体脂质代谢作用关系进行梳理,综合报道了鱼类肠道菌群的组成、脂类营养对鱼类肠道菌群的影响、鱼类肠道菌群与机体脂质代谢的关系及基于肠道菌群调控鱼类脂质代谢的策略。在鱼类肠道中,菌群种类及结构的变化或可作为鱼类脂代谢紊乱的早期诊断标志。在此基础上,基于肠道菌群稳态维持而采取调控手段,如合理应用益生菌、益生元等,或将为鱼类等水产动物脂质代谢紊乱防控提供新的方法。  相似文献   

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