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1.
奢侈蒸腾耗水对作物光合及产量形成贡献较低,而开花灌浆期是冬小麦产量形成的关键期,精准调控作物蒸腾耗水、明确影响奢侈蒸腾的土壤水分阈值,对提高冬小麦的水分利用效率至关重要。本研究以冬小麦品种‘石新828’为材料,在人工气候生长箱进行盆栽试验,定量研究土壤水分对作物气孔导度、光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响,明确开花灌浆期奢侈蒸腾产生的土壤水分阈值。结果表明：气孔导度与土壤水吸力关系密切,在土壤水吸力较低时,气孔导度随土壤水吸力增加而迅速降低,而土壤水吸力较高时,气孔导度降低速度变缓。光合速率随土壤水吸力增加以抛物线的形式递减,当土壤水吸力低于1.2 MPa时,光合速率接近最大值,随后土壤水吸力继续增加,光合速率逐渐降低。蒸腾速率随着土壤水吸力增加呈线性递减,降低速率为2.3 mmol·m-2·s-1·MPa-1。光合速率与蒸腾速率的关系符合米氏方程,蒸腾速率低于2.179 mmol·m-2·s-1时,光合速率随蒸腾速率线性增加,当蒸腾速率高于此值时,单位光合速率的增加变缓,奢侈蒸腾开始产生,此值所对应的土壤水吸力为1.76 MPa,此时叶片光合速率处于较高（16 μmol·m-2·s-1左右）水平,叶片水平水分利用效率（WUEL）达到最高7.3 μmol（CO2）·mmol-1（H2O）。综上所述,小麦叶片奢侈蒸腾的发生始于水分利用效率从最高转向降低、光合速率处于较高水平而非最大。通过光合随蒸腾变化的米氏方程关系及蒸腾与土壤水吸力的线性关系,可以确定土壤水吸力1.76 MPa为小麦开花灌浆期叶片奢侈蒸腾发生的土壤水分阈值。 相似文献
2.
旱作春玉米冠层及叶片瞬态气体交换及水分利用效率日变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
旱作作物不同尺度瞬态气体交换和水分利用效率同步观测的研究，对于节水高效农业理论研究和生产实践均具有及其重要的意义。该文采用涡度相关技术和LI-COR6400便携式光合作用测定仪测定旱作春玉米灌浆期冠层、叶片瞬时CO2和H2O汽交换速率，并分析其瞬态水分利用效率日变化特征。结果表明，旱作春玉米灌浆期0～100 cm根层土壤相对湿度为40%时，日变化过程中晴日中上部位叶片的光合速率高峰值为1.3 mg·m-2·s-1(29.82 μmol·m-2·s-1)，与同纬度地区灌溉玉米的光合速率高峰值相近；而群体下光合速率高峰值为0.9 mg·m-2·s-1(20.65 μmol·m-2·s-1)，只及同纬度地区灌溉玉米灌浆期光合速率高峰值的54.5%；群体和叶片水分利用效率高峰值分别为0.16 g(CO2)/g(H2O)和0.06 g(CO2)/g(H2O)，正午前后分别维持在0.0055～0.0123 g(CO2)/g(H2O)和0.0113～0.0197 g(CO2)/g(H2O)，叶片尺度的光合速率和水分利用效率在10∶00以后的时段内明显高于群体水平。 相似文献
3.
水分供应对甘薯生长发育、产量形成具有重要影响。为探讨不同水分处理对甘薯光合与荧光特性的影响,本研究以鲜食型甘薯‘烟薯25号’为试验材料,研究不同水分处理下甘薯叶片的光合-光响应过程及其荧光特性,并利用不同模型对光响应过程进行拟合。研究结果表明：干旱和淹水处理显著降低了甘薯叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）;当PAR≤1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1时,干旱及淹水处理Pn的降低主要受气孔限制,当PAR>1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1时,Pn的降低主要受非气孔限制。荧光参数表明,干旱及淹水处理下甘薯叶片光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）对光的捕获及吸收能力下降,热耗散增加。光响应模型以直角双曲线修正模型拟合精度最高,且能拟合出饱和光强,适用于不同的土壤水分环境。模型拟合参数显示,所有处理甘薯叶片初始量子效率（α）为0.039~0.055,位于0~0.125的理论范围值内,干旱、淹水处理下甘薯叶片表现出显著的光饱和、光抑制现象,光能利用减弱,且淹水处理的光利用能力小于干旱处理。综合分析认为,直角双曲线修正模型是甘薯不同水分条件下光响应变化最佳模型。干旱及淹水处理均会对甘薯光系统造成损伤,使甘薯光合能力下降,淹水比干旱更易于降低甘薯叶片对光的利用能力,高光强会加重甘薯水分的胁迫程度。 相似文献
4.
不同地区凤眼莲的光合生态功能型及其生态因子分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
李霞 《中国生态农业学报》2011,19(4):823-830
以江苏省农业科学院太湖雪堰、南京和滇池白山湾的试验点内种养的凤眼莲为研究材料, 在相同种养时间内, 统一测定不同地区植株的株高和干重的变化及不同叶位光合参数和光合功能叶片的光合-光响应曲线等, 以期阐明不同生态区凤眼莲株型特征形成的生态生理机制, 并为不同地区人工放养凤眼莲的高产栽培提供理论参考和技术支持。结果表明: (1)不同地区种养的凤眼莲株型有较大差异, 滇池的为短地上部分和长根的株型, 其茎叶长/根长为0.4±0.1; 南京的为中等长度的地上部分和短根的株型, 其茎叶长/根长为7.1±0.3;太湖的为长地上部分和中等根长的株型, 其茎叶长/根长为2.0±0.2。(2)形态有差异的不同地区凤眼莲植株的光合表现存在差异, 与南京和滇池地区的相比, 太湖凤眼莲不同叶位的净光合速率(Pn) 最高(25.9~35.3μmol·m-2·s-1); 相关性分析表明, 南京凤眼莲的Pn 与其相对湿度呈极显著负相关(r=-0.831**, n=6), 滇池凤眼莲的Pn 与气孔导度呈显著正相关(r=0.769*, n=6), 太湖凤眼莲的相对湿度与叶片蒸腾速率呈显著负相关(r=-0.818*, n=6)。可见影响不同地区Pn 的外界因子有差异, 但除外界光强外, 相对湿度也是影响其Pn 高低的重要生态因子。(3)不同生态地区形态有差异的植株已形成了相应的光合潜力, 生长能力最强的太湖地区植株,光合能力也最强, Pmax 最大(36.29±1.21 μmol·m-2·s-1)且光饱和点最高(LSP, 2 350.0±69.0 μmol·m-2·s-1); 相关性分析进一步表明, 株高和光补偿点(LCP)以及茎叶长度与光饱和点均呈显著正相关, 相关系数分别为r=0.998*、r=0.997*(n=10)。本研究可为不同地区利用凤眼莲净化富营养水域的高产栽培提供参考。 相似文献
5.
施肥和行距配置对糯玉米群体冠层内微环境及群体干物质积累量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在田间试验条件下, 以糯玉米"凤糯6号"为试验材料, 研究了相同密度下, 不同施肥量(600 kg·hm-2、750 kg·hm-2、900 kg·hm-2, 基肥、追肥等量)和不同行距配置(50 cm、60 cm、70 cm和80 cm)对糯玉米群体冠层内温度、光照强度、相对湿度、CO2浓度、光温分布以及群体水分利用率、群体干物质积累和蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明: 糯玉米群体冠层内微环境除了受灌浆时期、一天中不同时间段影响, 还受行距和施肥量影响。行距70 cm时, 糯玉米群体冠层内平均温度最小; 行距为70 cm、施肥量600 kg·hm-2时, 灌浆初期、中期和后期的光照强度都表现出最大值, 分别为236.2 μmol·m2·s-1、275.3 μmol·m-2·s-1和285.4 μmol·m-2·s-1; 冠层相对湿度在行距70 cm、施肥量900 kg·hm-2时最大, 在灌浆3个时期最高相对湿度分别比最低值高41.99%、33.98%和36.11%; 灌浆初期CO2浓度最大值发生在行距80 cm、施肥量为600 kg·hm-2时, 为362.4 mg·m-3, 灌浆中期和后期最大值发生在行距70 cm、施肥量为600 kg·hm-2时, 为363.4 mg·m-3和385.7 mg·m-3。在行距70 cm、施肥量为900 kg·hm-2时, 灌浆3个时期水分利用效率最高, 分别比最低值高14.75%、15.18%、14.46%; 干物质积累量和生长率最大, 分别为5 066.4 kg·hm-2和14.3 kg·hm-2·d-1、383.2 kg·hm-2和15.3 kg·hm-2·d-1以及 13 213.4 kg·hm-2和19.7 kg·hm-2·d-1。糯玉米蒸煮品质即感官品质、气味、风味、色泽、糯性、柔嫩性、皮厚薄等在行距70 cm、施肥量为900 kg·hm-2时最佳。 相似文献
6.
控制灌溉水稻气孔导度变化规律试验研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
根据江西示范区的现场试验资料,分析了晚稻叶片气孔导度的日变化以及全生育期内的变化规律,分析了控制灌溉条件下叶片气孔导度与外界影响因子等的相互关系,并对气孔导度进行了模拟。结果表明：气孔导度在不同的土壤水分条件下表现出不同的日变化规律,较低的土壤水分加大了其在中午的下降幅度;全生育期气孔导度先升后降,并随土壤水分降低而降低,灌水后出现反弹;叶气温差是影响气孔导度的关键因素;在一定的空气温度和CO2浓度范围内,气孔导度随之增加而增加,超出该范围后,则出现下降趋势。引入叶气温差考虑土壤水分与植物水分亏缺的影响,建立了改进的Leuning-Ball模型,模型对大田试验数据的解释能力有所提高。 相似文献
7.
干旱胁迫对河西走廊边缘绿洲甜高粱产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为研究能源作物甜高粱在干旱区不同土壤水分条件下的生产力和水分利用状况, 在甘肃河西走廊边缘绿洲区, 对3 种土壤水分(正常水分、中度干旱和重度干旱)条件下甜高粱产量、品质和水分利用效率进行分析。结果表明: 中度干旱胁迫下甜高粱茎秆和整个地上部生物产量最高, 其鲜重分别为77.3 t·hm-2 和101.1 t·hm-2, 干重分别为27.6 t·hm-2 和34.9 t·hm-2。3 种土壤水分条件下茎秆汁液锤度分别为21.9%(正常水分)、22.1%(中度干旱)和22.4%(重度干旱), 但差异不显著。中度干旱胁迫下甜高粱的水分利用效率最高, 为4.72 kg·m-3。说明适度的土壤水分亏缺, 不仅有利于甜高粱生产力和品质的提高, 而且更有利于节约水资源。 相似文献
8.
增施CO2气肥对温室结球莴苣光合作用影响的综合模型研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
为探讨不同温度和光照条件下增施CO2气肥对温室作物生长的影响，应用红外线CO2气体分析仪测定方法，对不同CO2浓度下结球莴苣光合作用速率的变化进行了深入系统的研究，并分别建立了低温条件下和中、高温条件下增施CO2气肥对光合作用速率影响的综合模型。研究结果表明，在一定范围内，随着光照度提高和温度上升，增施CO2气肥对于光合作用的促进效果提高，但是超过饱和点后会有负的效应。本实验条件下，结球莴苣光合作用最佳的生态因子组合为：光照度897.3 μmol·m-2·s-1，温度28.9℃，CO2浓度2160 μL/L，此时的净光合速率(CO2)Pn为36.0 μmol·m-2·s-1。 相似文献
9.
CO2浓度升高对不同水分条件下冬小麦生长和水分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以CO2浓度升高为主要特征的气候变化对作物生长发育及产量形成的影响日益受到重视。冬小麦是我国主要粮食作物之一, 主要分布在干旱及半干旱地区, 且生长期内多干旱少雨。研究不同水分条件下冬小麦的生长变化及水分利用对CO2浓度升高的响应具有重要的科学和实践意义。本研究在封顶式生长室中对2个土壤水分水平[适宜水分: 70%~80%田间持水量; 干旱胁迫: 50%~60%田间持水量]的盆栽冬小麦进行了CO2熏蒸试验[背景大气浓度: (396.1±29.2) μmol·mol-1; 升高的浓度: (760.1±36.1)μmol·mol-1]。对小麦植株生理指标、生物量、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)等的研究结果表明, 与背景大气CO2浓度相比, CO2浓度升高可促进冬小麦生长, 其地上生物量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了28.6%和18.6%; 籽粒产量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了32.6%和22.6%; CO2浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数提高籽粒产量, 穗粒数在适宜水分条件下提高24.3%, 干旱胁迫条件下提高15.5%, 对千粒重没有显著影响。CO2浓度升高使群体和产量WUE显著提高, 在适宜水分条件下提高幅度较大, 分别提高17.7%和24.8%。CO2浓度升高显著提高了叶片光合速率(Pn)、降低了气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr); 在适宜水分和干旱胁迫下Pn分别提高15.6%与12.9%, Gs分别降低22.7%与18.2%, Tr分别降低8.9%与7.5%。CO2浓度升高提高了叶片水势及叶绿素含量; 在适宜水分条件下叶片水势提高幅度较大, 为7.7%; 叶片叶绿素含量在2种水分条件分别提高7.5%与3.8%。由以上试验结果可得出: CO2浓度升高对冬小麦的生长、产量及水分利用效率均具有促进作用, 而且在土壤水分状况较好时, 这种作用效果更明显; CO2浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数来促进产量提高。 相似文献
10.
基于鱼类保护目标的椒江环境流量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鱼类为保护目标, 通过建立概念模型将鱼类保护目标与流量之间的关系相联系, 识别了与椒江鱼类保护目标相关的环境流量组成要素。采用FLOWS 方法, 计算了椒江2 个断面的环境流量, 柏枝岙断面的低流量为6.8~17.3 m3·s-1、高流量为22.2 m3·s-1, 低流量脉冲为74 m3·s-1, 高流量脉冲为110 m3·s-1, 齐岸流量为948 m3·s-1; 灵海断面的低流量为16.0~31.8 m3·s-1, 高流量为46.0 m3·s-1, 齐岸流量为2 488~3 184 m3·s-1。并得出每组环境流量出现时间、持续时间和出现频率等的推荐结果。与Tennant 方法的计算结果比较, 采用FLOWS 计算方法能够反映环境流量的季节性变化特点, 同时体现了环境流量与自然流量过程的一致性。此研究结果可为椒江的水资源合理利用与河流生态系统保护提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献