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变形蹄荷斯坦牛毛矿物质元素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究南方荷斯坦乳用牛发生变形蹄之后其毛的矿物质元素含量与变形蹄的相关性 ,我作者简介 :谭运华 ,1 978年生 ,临床兽医学硕士研究生 , 主要研究动物肢蹄病。来稿日期 :2 0 0 3 -1 1 -2 7们采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法 ,对 1 0头正常牛与 2 0头变形蹄牛的毛中的 1 2种矿物质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ag、Cd、Co、Cr、Mo、Pb的含量进行测定。实验结果表明 :变形蹄牛的毛Ca、Fe、Cr含量显著高于正常蹄牛 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其它元素无显著差异。 相似文献
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本文采集了30只圈养猫科肉食动物的50多个毛发样品,测定并分析研究了每个样品的Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Zn、Cu、B、Mn、Ph、Sr、P、Cr、Mo、V、Cd、Ba、Ti等元素的含量。结果表明,猫科肉食类动物的不同生长阶段,其毛发中的Ca、Fe、Pb、Cr、Mo、V、Cd、Ba、Ti含量差异显著（P＜0．05）;不同性别的猫科肉食动物毛发中各元素含量均无显著性差异。 相似文献
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柞蚕及其饲料中的矿物质元素和有害重金属元素含量是科学评价柞蚕食品营养价值与实施产品生产质量监控的重要指标之一。在辽宁省6个市(县)选点采集柞蚕蛹和辽东栎柞树的叶片(采样柞蚕的饲料),在沈阳市采集分属5个种的柞树叶片,采用HNO_3-H_2O_2高压消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对上述样品中的矿物质元素和重金属元素含量进行测定。方法学验证加标回收率为97.50%~102.60%,相对标准偏差(RSD)3.13%。对柞树叶样品的检测结果表明,同一地区各种柞树叶片中的矿物质元素含量存在差异,槲、麻栎2个种叶片中的重金属元素Mn、Fe、As、Hg、Pb含量较高;来自不同地区的辽东栎叶片中的矿物质元素含量存在显著性差异,其中Mg、P、K、Ca、Mn平均质量比分别为2 909.13、1 727.28、7 060.91、13702.74、514.66 mg/kg,Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均质量比分别为280.11、15.48、22.75、5.19 mg/kg,Se的平均质量比为0.05 mg/kg,重金属元素Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb的平均质量比分别为1.52、0.30、0.09、0.02、2.63 mg/kg。检测不同地区来源的柞蚕蛹样品中的矿物质元素含量存在显著性差异,其中Mg、P、K、Ca平均质量比分别为3 725.74、8 019.68、15 102.84、1 234.52 mg/kg,Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均质量比分别为120.15、14.80、16.64、132.06、2.82 mg/kg,Se的平均质量比为0.37 mg/kg,重金属元素Pb、Hg、Cr、As、Cd的平均质量比分别为1.63、0.01、5.01、0.92、0.32 mg/kg。相关性分析表明,柞树叶与柞蚕蛹中的Mn含量中度相关且相关性达到显著水平(P0.05);柞树叶与柞蚕蛹中的P、K、Cr、Cu、Zn、As含量低度相关,Ni、Hg、Mg、Ca、Fe、Se、Cd、Pb含量在二者间的相关关系极弱。 相似文献
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为了探讨贵妃鸡体内矿物元素的含量,开发安全的绿色营养食品,改善人们的膳食和提供丰富的营养,以及为其人工饲养的饲料添加剂配方与微量元素疾病(缺乏症或中毒症)的诊断提供一定的科学依据.本试验采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定分析了贵妃鸡胸肌、腿肌及肝脏中Ca、Cu、Fe、zn、Mn、K、Mg和Se八种矿物元素的含量.试验结果表明,贵妃鸡肝脏中Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mn的含量极显著高于胸肌和腿肌(P<0.01),其他元素差异不显著(P>0.05).Cu、Zn在腿肌与胸肌中的含量差异显著(P<0.05),腿肌含量高于胸肌,其他元素均无明显差异(P>0.05).与地方良种庄河鸡比较,贵妃鸡组织中矿物元素Fe、Cu和Se的含量明显高,矿物元素Zn、Mg的含量较高,矿物元素Ca、Mn、K的含量与地方鸡种基本一致.由此可见,贵妃鸡中矿物元素Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Se的含量非常丰富. 相似文献
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为阐明牦牛乳中矿物质元素含量在全泌乳期的变化规律,试验采集了四川省龙日种畜场麦洼牦牛产犊当天到180 d（即0～180 d）内共12个时间点的乳样。采用微波消解法处理乳样,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定牦牛乳中14种矿物质元素,分别为4种大量元素（钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、磷（P））和10种微量元素（硼（B）、钡（Ba）、镉（Cd）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、钼（Mo）、镍（Ni）、钛（Ti）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn））,并以牦牛产犊后30 d采集的乳样数据为基准进行统计分析。结果显示,麦洼牦牛初乳中K、Ca、Mg、P 4种大量元素含量较高。与30 d的常乳含量相比,K的含量在0 d时差异极显著（P＜0.01）,在120 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Ca的含量在5 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Mg的含量在180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;P的含量变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在0～180 d泌乳期内微量元素随泌乳期的变化也较明显,与30 d的常乳含量相比,Ba的含量在0和1 d时差异极显著（P＜0.01）,在2、3、4、5和180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;Mo、Ni、Zn的含量在180 d时差异显著（P＜0.05）;B、Cd、Cu、Ti、Mn的含量随泌乳期变化差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。综上所述,牦牛乳中K、Ca、Mg、Ba、Mo、Ni、Zn的含量随泌乳期的变化差异显著（P<0.05）,P、B、Cd、Cu、Ti、Mn的含量变化不显著（P>0.05）;整体上看,K、Mg、P、Ba、Zn的含量变化呈先降低后增加的趋势,而Ca的含量呈现出先增加后降低的趋势。 相似文献
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采用微波消解法处理样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定米糠中的多种常微量元素,以确定米糠中元素的种类及含量。结果表明:ICP-AES法测定米糠中的常微量元素的检出限为0.001～0.075μg/ml,相对标准偏差RSD值小于4%;米糠中含有K、Na、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cr、Cu、Fe、Al、Ni、Sr、Pb、Cd、As等元素,其中Ca、K、Na、Mg、Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn含量比较丰富,大于50μg/g,Cr、Al、Ni含量较低,小于10μg/g;Sr及有害元素Pb、Cd、As含量均小1μg/g。 相似文献
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胎衣不下乳牛干乳期间和产犊前后血清矿质元素含量的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本次试验测定了76头乳牛干乳期间和产犊前后6种矿质元素(Ca、P、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe)的含量,其中正常分娩牛51头(NRP),胎衣不下牛25头(RP),目的在 相似文献
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C. Bergsten 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1993,34(3):281
Bergsten, C: A photometric method for recording hoof diseases in cattle, with special reference to haemorrhages of the sole. Acta vet. scand. 1993,34,281-286.– After cleaning and trimming, the sole surface and interdigital space of the hooves of cows are photographed in a standardized way. The colour slides are projected on to a screen and the haemorrhages of the sole (reflecting Pododermatitis aseptica diffusa) and the lesions of Dermatitis interdigitalis and Erosio ungulae are scored according to their severity and extent by 2 people who do not know the identity of the cows. In a repeatability test the correlation coefficients between 2 assessments of the haemorrhages in the sole ranged between 0.78 and 0.88 for assessments of the front hooves, the hind hooves and all the hooves together. 相似文献
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新疆放牧绵羊的限制性矿物质元素调查 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过新疆5个羊场矿物质元素营养的研究，以了解新疆全年草场有关矿物元素的变化情况，缺乏程度及缺乏时间。研究表明：5个羊场中牧草含P量在秋草场至冬草场均表现缺乏。含Na量在塔城种羊场一年四季草场均缺乏，在阿勒泰二牧场冬、春、夏草场Na出现明显缺乏，而在秋草场又明显超出需要量；在巩乃斯种羊场春、夏草场明显缺乏，冬、牧草场又明显超量。5个羊场牧草含Se、Zn量的测定值明显低于需要量。而含Fe量在5个羊场中都不同程度地超过最高限量。牧草中元素Fe与Mn之间存在措抗作用；Mo、Cu比例少于1：4，绵羊体内仍表现缺Cu症。通过全面分析对比，初步确定在新疆5个种羊场天然草场上放牧的羊群，存在着P、Na、Zn、Mn、Se和Cu6种限制性矿物元素季节性营养紊乱现象。 相似文献
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青海海南州土-草-畜系统中钼、硒的季节变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结果表明:土壤和牧草中钼浓度秋季最高;血清中钼浓度的季节间差异不显著(P＞0.05),秋季最高,夏季最低;被毛中钼浓度夏季极显著高于冬春季和秋季(P＜0.01);日摄入量夏季极显著高于秋季(P＜0.01),秋季极显著高于冬春季(P＜0.01).土壤和被毛中硒浓度在三季间差异不显著(P＞0.05);牧草硒夏季最高;绵羊血清硒冬春季显著低于秋季(P＜0.05);被毛中硒在季节间差异不显著(P＞0.05);硒的日摄入量夏季极显著高于秋季(P＜0.01),秋季极显著高于冬春季(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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The prevalence of hoof lesions and lameness in 4899 heifers and cows was determined at claw trimming one time in a cross-sectional study on 101 Swedish dairy farms, 1996-1998. The percentage of affected animals was 41% for heel-horn erosion, 30% for sole haemorrhages, 27% for erosive dermatitis, 21% for abnormal claw shape, 14% for white-line haemorrhages, 8.8% for white-line fissures, 8.6% for sole ulcers, 3.3% for double soles, 2.3% for verrucose dermatitis, and 1.8% for interdigital hyperplasia (IH). Seventy-two percent of all animals had at least one hoof lesion. The prevalence of lameness was 5.1%; most hoof lesions did not cause lameness. Differences between herds were substantial; the herd-specific, animal-level prevalence of lesions ranged from 25 to 98% and of lameness from 0 to 33%. Sole haemorrhages were found in all herds. The proportion of variance at the between-herd level was particularly high for heel-horn erosion (62%) and abnormal claw shape (54%). Strong correlations between lesions were found within hooves (and animals), e.g. for heel-horn erosion and dermatitis (Spearman's rank correlation, r(s)=0.36 and 0.37, respectively) and for sole and white-line haemorrhages (r(s)=0.25 and 0.28). Most hoof lesions affected hind and front hooves bilaterally, whereas the correlation between hind and front hooves generally was lower. Herds that ranked high for prevalence of sole ulcer also ranked high for sole haemorrhages and for abnormal claw shape and herds that ranked high for dermatitis also ranked high for heel-horn erosion, verrucose dermatitis and IH. Abnormal claw shape was strongly associated with sole ulcer (r(s)=0.41 at cow level)-suggesting the importance of maintaining a correct claw shape for the prevention of hoof-horn lesions. 相似文献
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A 2-year experiment on the effect of claw trimming on hoof health was performed in 77 Swedish dairy herds (3444 dairy cattle) selected on herd size, breed composition and membership in the official milk-recording scheme. In the autumn, cows within each herd were blocked according to breed, parity and stage of lactation and allocated to two treatments: autumn trimming (AT) or no autumn trimming (NAT). Outcome variables were claw measurements and prevalence of hoof lesions and lameness (measured at spring trimming) and the need for hoof treatments between scheduled trimmings. At spring trimming, NAT cows had longer and shallower claws than AT cows. The average net growth of the toe wall was greater for AT than for NAT cattle, with a marked variation between housing systems. Most hoof lesions present at AT had disappeared at the subsequent spring trimming. Controlled for clustering by herd-within-year and for the effects of individual-and herd-level covariates, AT cattle at spring trimmings had significantly lower odds of lameness (OR=0.66) and of haemorrhages of the sole or white-line (OR=0.86), sole ulcer (OR=0.59) and white-line fissure or double sole (OR=0.71)-but not of moderate-to-severe heel-horn erosion or dermatitis (OR=0.96). Acute hoof treatments between claw trimmings were more common in the NAT group (OR=2.02). 相似文献
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W Mason 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):163-167
AbstractCASE HISTORY: During the 2014/2015 season 823 predominantly Holstein-Friesian cows calved on a pasture-based farm in the Waikato region of New Zealand. A high prevalence and recurrence rate of lameness had been noted for several years but cows feet were not routinely picked up and therapeutically trimmed.CLINICAL FINDINGS: At a farm visit in December 2015, 23 cows feet were examined and 18/23 (78%) cows had white line disease and 17/23 (74%) sole haemorrhages, as well as severely overgrown and misshapen hooves.EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION: Lameness, culling and reproductive data were collected for the farm for the period from 01 July 2014 to 30 November 2015. In the 2014/2015 season, 207/823 (25.2%) cows were recorded lame, and in the first half of the 2015/16 season 120/850 (14%) cows were recorded lame. Of the cows recorded lame, 52/207 (25.1%) in the 2014/15 season had >1 case of lameness, and 39/120 (32.5%) cows recorded lame in the 2015/2016 season had been lame in the previous season. There was an apparent increase in prevalence between 29–37 weeks post-calving. Cows >7-years-old had seven times the odds of being recorded as lame compared to 2–3-year-old cows (p<0.001). Lameness was not associated with culling, empty rate or days to conception (p>0.3).DIAGNOSIS: No direct cause for the lameness could be determined.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It was hypothesised that, along with the degenerative changes in the pedal bone as dairy cows increased in age, suboptimal treatment and overgrowth of hooves resulted in permanent changes in the cows feet, resulting in a high prevalence of lameness in older cattle and a high recurrence rate of lameness within and between seasons. This case highlights the importance of prompt identification and treatment of lame cattle. 相似文献
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Multielement assays of canine serum, liver, and kidney by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H D Stowe W E Braselton M Slanker J B Kaneene 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(4):822-827
Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, P, K, Se, Na, Tl, and Zn in canine specimens (70 serum, 270 liver, and 200 kidney). Mean concentrations of each of these elements in detectable amounts in these samples were established, and histograms of the concentration distributions of elements in the samples were developed. 相似文献
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Olivry T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(1-2):11-16
In mammalian skin, the stratum corneum exerts a barrier function that protects from transepidermal water loss and the penetration of exogenous molecules, such as allergens, from the environment. Recently, skin barrier defects have been shown to be of prime importance in the pathogenesis of human atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize the latest research data pertinent to the stratum corneum and barrier function of dogs with atopic dermatitis. At the time of this writing, there is increasing evidence that a skin barrier defect likely exists in dogs with atopic dermatitis. This barrier dysfunction is characterized by abnormal intercellular stratum corneum lipid lamellae, abnormal stratum corneum morphology, reduced and abnormal ceramide content and, in some but not all dogs, abnormal filaggrin expression. In association with these changes, there is higher transepidermal water loss in atopic than in normal canine skin. Furthermore, atopic inflammation appears to worsen transepidermal water loss and filaggrin expression. It remains unknown, however, if the changes observed are primary (i.e. of genetic origin) or secondary to atopic inflammation that also exists even in clinically normal skin. Finally, whether or not a therapeutic intervention aimed at restoring a dysfunctional skin barrier is of any clinical benefit to atopic dogs has not yet been proven unequivocally. 相似文献
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Spring calving is recommended for beef herds in the Salado region of Argentina, but autumn calving is an alternative being used by some farmers. This study explored the biological and economic feasibility of autumn calving in cow–calf systems and their long-term performance compared with spring calving. Reproduction and calf performance data were collected from an autumn calving herd (1999–2005) and from a spring calving herd (1966–1995) at the INTA-Balcarce Research Station (37°45′ S; 58°18′ W). Similar data were obtained from a commercial farm which practiced both autumn and spring calving (1998–2003). These data showed that autumn calving is feasible in the region, provided that cows calve with a high condition score. This is a major difference with spring calving, where cows can normally gain weight during breeding. A climatically driven computer model was used to compare, at farm level, the effect of calving season across a range of combinations of weaning dates and stocking rates. Spring calving systems had greater production potential (15–20%) and profitability (17–28%) at high stocking rates. However, at low to moderate stocking rates, calving season had little effect on expected production and risk efficiency. This suggests that autumn calving could be a suitable alternative for the Salado region of Argentina. To exploit its potential, however, calf weaning age should be greater than with spring calving. 相似文献