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利用显微镜观察了河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)胚胎的发育过程,并采用生物化学方法测定、分析了河川沙塘鳢胚胎发育过程中可溶性蛋白的组成及含量。结果显示,可溶性蛋白组成及含量变化与其胚胎发育的过程密切相关。在受精卵期,可溶性蛋白主要是相对分子质量为116 000、100 500的卵黄蛋白。随着胚胎发育的进行,可溶性蛋白的组成由高分子的蛋白向低分子的蛋白转化,其相对分子质量为97 250、86 000、68 000、38 000、26 000等。在胚胎发育后期,高分子的蛋白进一步减少,而低分子的蛋白进一步增加。可溶性蛋白的含量随着胚胎的发育总体呈下降的趋势。 相似文献
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河川沙塘鳢胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中脂类含量及脂肪酸组成的变化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用生物化学方法测定和分析了河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中脂类的含量及脂肪酸的组成。结果显示,随着胚胎和仔鱼的发育,其总脂的含量呈下降趋势,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量亦呈现出下降趋势,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量在胚胎期保持稳定、在仔鱼期下降,而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)却呈现出不断增长的趋势。在整个胚胎和仔鱼发育过程中,平均含量最高的脂肪酸依次是C16∶0、C18∶1n-9、C18∶0、C16∶1、C22∶6n-3(DHA)和C20∶5n-3(EPA)。结果表明:河川沙塘鳢在胚胎和仔鱼发育过程中有消耗饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸,而保存n-3系列和n-6系列的高度不饱和脂肪酸的趋势,饱和脂肪酸被作为胚胎期能量代谢的主要来源,单不饱和脂肪酸被作为仔鱼期能量代谢的主要来源,而C18∶3n-3(亚麻酸)和C18∶2n-6(亚油酸)被用于合成DHA、EPA和C20∶4n-6(AA)。 相似文献
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以河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为研究对象,采用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术对DMRT1的全长基因进行了克隆,并利用生物信息学技术分析其结构和功能;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRTPCR)技术检测了河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因在8种组织(鳃、肠、心、肌肉、脑、肝、脾、性腺)、胚胎发育的8个时期(受精卵期、桑椹胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、体节期、口裂期、出膜后1 d和出膜后3 d)以及性腺发育的4个时期(Ⅰ~Ⅳ期)中的表达变化。结果表明,河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因c DNA序列的全长为2025 bp,编码297个氨基酸,其中包括894 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),73 bp的5'非编码区和1058 bp的3'非编码区。与已知物种的氨基酸序列比对后发现,河川沙塘鳢DMRT1的氨基酸序列与军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)、欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)的同源性最高。DMRT1基因在河川沙塘鳢的精巢组织大量表达,而在卵巢、肌肉、心以及肝4种组织中表达较少,在其它组织中几乎不表达; DMRT1基因在胚胎发育的各个时期都有表达,在原肠期的表达量最高;此外,DMRT1基因表达量在精巢发育的不同时期呈先下降后上升的趋势,在精子成熟期(Ⅳ期)达到最大值,而在卵巢发育的不同时期表达量较少且表达强度差异不明显,因而推测河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因与精巢的发生和功能的维持有关。研究结果为解析河川沙塘鳢DMRT1基因的功能及其性别决定机制提供了基础资料,也为开展河川沙塘鳢单性育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本研究采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)和实时荧光定量PCR等技术,对河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)的Mn-SOD基因进行了克隆和表达模式分析.结果显示,克隆得到的河川沙塘鳢Mn-SOD基因的cDNA序列全长为1008 bp,包括678 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),15 bp的5'UTR区和315bp的3'UTR区,并且具有脊椎动物典型的加尾信号AATAAA和31 bp的PolyA尾巴,推测该序列共编码225个氨基酸.该基因包含Sod Fe_N(28-109)与Sod Fe C(116-219)2个保守的结构域,此结构与其他物种极为相似,表明该基因在物种进化中比较保守.与已知物种Mn-SOD进行同源性比对发现,河川沙塘鳢Mn-SOD氨基酸序列与条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)和线鳢(Channa striata)相似性最高,均为90.3％.采用qRT-PCR技术检测了Mn-SOD基因在河川沙塘鳢8个组织(肾、肝、肌肉、脑、脾、鳃、眼、心脏)和8个发育时期(受精卵期、桑椹胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、体节期、口裂期、出膜后1d、出膜后3 d)的表达情况.在检测的8个组织中都有Mn-SOD基因的表达,肌肉中的表达量最高;胚胎到仔鱼的8个发育时期都有Mn-SOD基因的表达,桑椹胚期表达量最高.在急性NaNO2胁迫处理后,河川沙塘鳢肝组织Mn-SOD基因的mRNA表达呈先升高后降低的趋势.而鳃组织Mn-SOD基因的mRNA表达呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势.研究表明,Mn-SOD很可能在对抗NaNO2胁迫引起的氧化损伤中起重要作用,这将为控制河川沙塘鳢的人工育苗及养殖条件提供有价值的参考资料. 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2017,(4)
本研究采用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)和实时荧光定量PCR等技术,对河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)的Mn-SOD基因进行了克隆和表达模式分析。结果显示,克隆得到的河川沙塘鳢Mn-SOD基因的c DNA序列全长为1008 bp,包括678 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),15 bp的5'UTR区和315 bp的3'UTR区,并且具有脊椎动物典型的加尾信号AATAAA和31 bp的Poly A尾巴,推测该序列共编码225个氨基酸。该基因包含Sod_Fe_N(28-109)与Sod_Fe_C(116-219)2个保守的结构域,此结构与其他物种极为相似,表明该基因在物种进化中比较保守。与已知物种Mn-SOD进行同源性比对发现,河川沙塘鳢Mn-SOD氨基酸序列与条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)和线鳢(Channa striata)相似性最高,均为90.3%。采用q RT-PCR技术检测了Mn-SOD基因在河川沙塘鳢8个组织(肾、肝、肌肉、脑、脾、鳃、眼、心脏)和8个发育时期(受精卵期、桑椹胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、体节期、口裂期、出膜后1 d、出膜后3 d)的表达情况。在检测的8个组织中都有Mn-SOD基因的表达,肌肉中的表达量最高;胚胎到仔鱼的8个发育时期都有Mn-SOD基因的表达,桑椹胚期表达量最高。在急性NaNO_2胁迫处理后,河川沙塘鳢肝组织Mn-SOD基因的m RNA表达呈先升高后降低的趋势。而鳃组织Mn-SOD基因的m RNA表达呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势。研究表明,Mn-SOD很可能在对抗NaNO_2胁迫引起的氧化损伤中起重要作用,这将为控制河川沙塘鳢的人工育苗及养殖条件提供有价值的参考资料。 相似文献
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壬基酚对河川沙塘鳢性腺分化和发育影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用组织学方法研究了环境雌激素化合物壬基酚(4-nonylphenol,NP)对河川沙塘鳢性腺分化和发育的影响.将人工孵化河川沙塘鳢仔鱼暴露于3个质量浓度(100、300、500 μg/L)的NP中,同时设空白对照组和溶剂对照组,暴露150 d,显微观察性腺组织.试验结果表明,河川沙塘鳢性腺分化的过程是由中性的性腺直接分化出卵巢或精巢.暴露于500 μg/L NP以下的各处理组中的河川沙塘鳢性别比例约为1∶1,与对照组无差异;但是精巢未发育的个体数量随NP浓度提高而增加,在NP 300 μg/L和NP 500 μg/L暴露组中分别占样本总数的20%和22%;此外,NP对精巢组织结构产生一定的伤害,精巢中出现坏死细胞和纤维化现象. 相似文献
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以河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为母本、云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmorata)为父本进行科间人工远缘杂交,对杂交子代胚胎发育情况进行了观察和记录,描述了各个发育阶段的形态特征。结果显示:杂交子代的胚胎发育可分为受精、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、体节、鳃、孵化期8个阶段。根据每个阶段的形态建成以及发育特点,分为31个主要时期,卵裂阶段从2细胞期至32细胞期和桑葚期;囊胚阶段有囊胚早期、囊胚晚期;原肠阶段有原肠早期、原肠中期、原肠晚期;神经胚阶段有神经胚早期、神经胚晚期;体节分化阶段从2体节期到41体节期;鳃阶段又可分为消化系统形成期、肝脏形成期、鳃裂期以及脾脏和口裂形成期;最后的孵化期分为出膜前期、出膜期。在温度为(20±2)℃的孵化条件下,杂交子代的受精卵经501 h孵出仔鱼。 相似文献
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为了解黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)早期发育阶段的消化生理特性,测定了黄条鰤胚胎、仔稚幼鱼阶段脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性变化。结果显示,在黄条鰤仔鱼出膜前胚胎阶段,即能检测到脂肪酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;初孵仔鱼体内(1 d)初次检测出胰蛋白酶的活性。脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶比活力在仔鱼孵化后迅速增强(P<0.05),在4 d开口时,2种酶比活力达最高值;淀粉酶比活力在7 d时达最大值;胰蛋白酶比活力在仔鱼阶段缓慢上升,15 d时比活力最大。稚鱼阶段内脏团中脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶活性基本维持稳定,幼鱼阶段内脏团脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶活性都呈现上升趋势;稚鱼和幼鱼阶段内脏团中淀粉酶活性下降并基本稳定于较低水平。研究表明,黄条鰤仔稚幼鱼发育过程中,各种消化酶活性变化明显,且与其发育阶段和食性密切相关。在尚未摄食饵料的早期仔鱼体内已存在消化酶,认为其是母源传递而来,不是由外源性饵料所致;幼鱼阶段内脏团脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶比活力明显提高,这反映出随苗种生长发育,其肠道结构和消化机能逐渐完善,并且对脂肪、蛋白质的需求逐渐增强。 相似文献
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为了解黄条(Seriola aureovittata)早期发育阶段的消化生理特性,测定了黄条胚胎、仔稚幼鱼阶段脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性变化。结果显示,在黄条仔鱼出膜前胚胎阶段,即能检测到脂肪酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;初孵仔鱼体内(1 d)初次检测出胰蛋白酶的活性。脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶比活力在仔鱼孵化后迅速增强(P<0.05),在4 d开口时,2种酶比活力达最高值;淀粉酶比活力在7 d时达最大值;胰蛋白酶比活力在仔鱼阶段缓慢上升,15 d时比活力最大。稚鱼阶段内脏团中脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶活性基本维持稳定,幼鱼阶段内脏团脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶活性都呈现上升趋势;稚鱼和幼鱼阶段内脏团中淀粉酶活性下降并基本稳定于较低水平。研究表明,黄条仔稚幼鱼发育过程中,各种消化酶活性变化明显,且与其发育阶段和食性密切相关。在尚未摄食饵料的早期仔鱼体内已存在消化酶,认为其是母源传递而来,不是由外源性饵料所致;幼鱼阶段内脏团脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和胰蛋白酶比活力明显提高,这反映出随苗种生长发育,其肠道结构和消化机能逐渐完善,并且对脂肪、蛋白质的需求逐渐增强。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究维生素C(V_C)对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)早期发育中孵化率、出膜率和成活率的影响,对其消化酶和脂蛋白脂酶(Lipoprotein lipase,LPL)及肝脂酶(Hepatic Lipase,HL)的影响。实验用圆斑星鲽为人工受精卵,分为5组,孵化水体V_C浓度分别为0、20、25、30和35 mg/L,分别在成熟卵、受精卵、原肠中期、晶体出现期、内源营养期(2日龄)、混合营养期(6日龄)及外源营养期(9日龄)取样。记录圆斑星鲽的出膜时间、出膜率和成活率,测定对照组和生长指标优越组的消化酶活性和2种酯酶的活性。结果显示,25 mg/L的V_C能显著提高圆斑星鲽的出膜率和成活率,并缩短出膜时间(P0.05)。V_C能促进圆斑星鲽早期发育过程中蛋白质的沉积。外源营养期后,胃蛋白酶活性显著提高(P0.05),淀粉酶活性在混合营养期显著提高(P0.05),脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性在内源营养期就显著提高(P0.05)。25 mg/L V_C溶液浸泡使圆斑星鲽胚胎发育过程中的LPL和HL比活力显著升高(P0.05)。合子中的LPL和HL基因可能在原肠期开始表达,合成脂质水解酶分解脂质,为胚胎发育供能。研究表明,圆斑星鲽成熟卵受精后脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶酶优先发挥作用,分解卵黄中的碳水化合物为胚胎发育迅速提供能量。25 mg/L的V_C能显著提高消化酶活性,并促进蛋白质的沉积,有利于孵化成活的V_C浓度可以显著促进圆斑星鲽早期发育的脂质代谢。 相似文献
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X. H. Tong S. H. Xu Q. H. Liu J. Li Z. Z. Xiao D. Y. Ma 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(1):129-142
The early development of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from fertilization to hatching was described. Hatching occurred at 108 h post-fertilization (hpf) in 14 °C. Yolk syncytial layer and blastocoel formed at morula stage and low stage, respectively. Neural rod derived from the ectoderm appeared and the first somite formed in the middle of the embryonic body at 90 % epiboly stage, and notochord primordium formed at complete epiboly stage. Kupffer’s vesicle appeared at 59 h 35 min hpf and degenerated at 89 hpf. At 72 hpf, the digestive tract formed in the ventral side of the embryonic body, and the posterior digestive tract of embryo was ciliated at 89 hpf. Enzymes play a key role in the catabolism of yolk during embryogenesis of fishes. In this study, the main enzymes alkaline phosphatase (AP), leucine aminopeptidase N (LAP), pepsin, trypsin and Leucine-alanine peptidase (Leu-ala) were all observed in unfertilized eggs and embryo of S. maximus, but amylase was not detected, speculating that amino acids appear to be the main energy substrate during embryonic development of S. maximus, while carbohydrates is less essential. AP reached the lowest value at the gastrula stage and then increased rapidly reaching the highest value at hatching. LAP showed the highest value in unfertilized eggs and kept on decreasing until the blastula stage with the lowest value and then increased at the gastrula stage, followed by a gradual decline thereafter. Trypsin reached the lowest value at the blastula stage and then fluctuated with the maximal value at hatching. Pepsin reached the highest and the lowest values at the unfertilized eggs and the cleavage stage, respectively, but disappeared at hatching. Leu-ala had the maximum activity at the blastula stage and then declined to the minimum at the gastrula stage followed by a gradual increase thereafter. 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾幼体发育时期消化酶活力及氨基酸含量研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用生物化学方法对克氏原螯虾各期幼体消化酶活力与氨基酸组成进行了分析。实验结果显示,在克氏原螯虾幼体发育过程中,五种消化酶活力(胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶)表现出两种变化模式:胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶在幼体发育Ⅱ龄幼体期和Ⅳ龄幼体期活力较高,其中Ⅳ龄幼体期该两种酶活力最高;淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力为先增高后降低,在Ⅲ龄幼体期,三种酶的活力达到最高,但与Ⅳ龄幼体期的酶活力比较无显著差异。总氨基酸含量在幼体发育早期逐渐降低,幼体发育至Ⅲ龄幼体期,其氨基酸含量最低,Ⅳ龄幼体期又有所增加。在测定的所有氨基酸中谷氨酸含量最高,必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量最高,单个必需氨基酸含量与必需氨基酸总量的比值(A/E)在整个胚胎发育过程中的变化趋于一致。 相似文献
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Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in larval and juvenile crimson snapper Lutjanus erythopterus (Bloch 1790) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ke Cui Dachuan Cheng Zhenhua Ma Jian G. Qin Shigui Jiang Dianrong Sun Shengwei Ma 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(8):4533-4544
Ontogenetic development of digestive system in crimson snapper (Lutjanus erythopterus Bloch 1790) larvae was histologically and enzymatically (alkaline phosphatase, amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin) examined from hatching to 36 days post hatching (DPH). The ontogenetic development of crimson snapper larval fish ontogeny was divided into three distinct phases: phase I starting from hatch to the onset of exogenous feeding, phase II starting from first feeding (2–3 DPH) until the formation of gastric glands (13–14 DPH) and phase III beginning from the appearance of gastric glands and continuing onwards. The specific activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin showed sharp increase and reached to the maximum from hatch to 4 DPH, 10 DPH, 20 DPH, respectively, followed by a declining trend with irregular fluctuation. In contrast to other enzymes, the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase showed a gradual increase from hatch to 29 DPH, followed by a sharp increase towards 36 DPH. The specific activity of pepsin was firstly detected on 17 DPH and gradually increased towards the end of this study. The total activities of these five enzymes showed a gradual increase till 29 DPH, followed by a sharp increase towards 36 DPH except for amylase and lipase reaching maximum at 32 DPH. The present study provides better understanding of the digestive ontogeny of crimson snapper during the larval stage and a guide to feeding and weaning of this economically important fish in hatcheries. 相似文献
18.
California halibut Paralichthys californicus is an important commercial species with high aquaculture potential in Baja California Sur, México. To optimize the feeding
process using live prey and/or inert diets, we evaluated alkaline proteases, pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase,
lipase, α-amylase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities on starved larvae and larvae fed live prey. Highest activities
were observed for alkaline protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase in feeding larvae
than starved larvae on day 4 after hatching. At day 5, a sizeable increase in all enzymatic activities was detected in feeding
larvae. Alkaline protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and alkaline phosphatase decreases progressively from day 5 until day 18.
At day 18, a slight pepsin activity was observed. This was considered an indicator of the start of digestive system maturation.
We concluded that total enzymatic equipment for this species is complete between day 18 and 30 after hatching. Based on this
evidence, early weaning from live prey to inert feed would be possible at this time. 相似文献
19.
Zhenhua Ma Huayang Guo Panlong Zheng Long Wang Shigui Jiang Jian G. Qin Dianchang Zhang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(4):1157-1167
Ontogenetic development of the digestive system in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus, Linnaeus 1758) larvae was histologically and enzymatically studied from hatch to 32 day post-hatch (DPH). The development of digestive system in golden pompano can be divided into three phases: phase I starting from hatching and ending at the onset of exogenous feeding; phase II starting from first feeding (3 DPH) and finishing at the formation of gastric glands; and phase III starting from the appearance of gastric glands on 15 DPH and continuing onward. The specific activities of trypsin, amylase, and lipase increased sharply from the onset of first feeding to 5–7 DPH, followed by irregular fluctuations. Toward the end of this study, the specific activities of trypsin and amylase showed a declining trend, while the lipase activity remained at similar levels as it was at 5 DPH. The specific activity of pepsin was first detected on 15 DPH and increased with fish age. The dynamics of digestive enzymes corresponded to the structural development of the digestive system. The enzyme activities tend to be stable after the formation of the gastric glands in fish stomach on 15 DPH. The composition of digestive enzymes in larval pompano indicates that fish are able to digest protein, lipid and carbohydrate at early developmental stages. Weaning of larval pompano is recommended from 15 DPH onward. Results of the present study lead to a better understanding of the ontogeny of golden pompano during the larval stage and provide a guide to feeding and weaning of this economically important fish in hatcheries. 相似文献
20.
泥鳅仔稚鱼发育期间消化酶及碱性磷酸酶比活力的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)从孵化至30 DAH(日龄,Days after hatching)几种消化酶及碱性磷酸酶比活力的变化情况。胃蛋白酶直至30 DAH仍未检出活性。而胰蛋白酶表现出较高的比活力,其比活力在初次摄食之后显著上升,6 DAH达到最大值之后开始显著降低(P<0.05)。脂肪酶与淀粉酶的变化模式相似,在内源性营养向外源性营养转变及仔鱼向稚鱼转变这两个时间段出现两个高峰值。碱性磷酸酶比活力在2-6 DAH显著上升(P<0.05),之后开始下降并趋于平稳。研究表明,泥鳅在仔稚鱼阶段只具有结构性的胃而缺乏分泌细胞的分化。2-6 DAH是泥鳅仔鱼肠道功能迅速发育的阶段,也是向成鱼消化模式转变的一个重要过程。脂肪酶和淀粉酶比活力的持续性表明了泥鳅仔鱼对糖类和脂肪有较好的利用能力。 相似文献