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水产养殖动物嗜水气单胞菌病的免疫技术介绍 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前在我国水产养殖动物中普遍发生的嗜水气单胞菌病如对虾细菌性红体病、肠炎病及淡水养殖鱼类暴发性出血病业已查明，其主要病原为嗜水气单胞菌，这类细菌属于弧菌科、气单胞菌属，是养殖水体普遍存在的一种条件性致病菌。嗜水气单胞菌在水温14.0-40.5℃范围内均可繁殖，以28 相似文献
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罗非鱼是重要的经济鱼类,而嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonashydrophila)是其主要病原菌之一,只有充分的掌握该病原菌的感染机制才能提供更好的预防和治疗手段。本研究首先通过转录组筛查尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus)脾脏中与细菌感染相关的基因,然后通过荧光定量PCR证实上述基因的表达变化,最后使用秋水仙素试验和交叉免疫试验进行验证。研究结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼在感染嗜水气单胞菌之后,吞噬作用发生显著增强。秋水仙素试验发现,微管蛋白的功能受到抑制可以显著降低罗非鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的防御能力。交叉免疫试验证实,通过迟缓爱德华菌(Edwardsiella tarda)激活吞噬作用也可以提高罗非鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的防御能力。本研究旨在了解吞噬作用在罗非鱼抵御嗜水气单胞菌感染过程中发挥重要作用,并试图通过交叉免疫试验为细菌疫苗的制备提供新思路。 相似文献
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通过在饲料中分别添加2×107 CFU/g的芽孢杆菌制剂、中草药芽孢杆菌制剂、复合微生态制剂和中草药复合微生态制剂,研究4种微生态制剂对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、肠道菌群及抗病力等的影响。结果显示：(1)饲料中添加4种微生态制剂均可显著提高罗非鱼的增重率(P<0.05),对成活率和饲料利用率也有一定程度的提高(P>0.05),而中草药复合微生态制剂对罗非鱼促进生长效果最佳。(2)饲料中添加4种微生态制剂可以显著提高罗非鱼肠道中的细菌总数、芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明饲料中添加一定量的4种微生态制均可改善罗非鱼的肠道菌群结构,以中草药复合微生态制剂的改善效果最佳。(3)经人工感染无乳链球菌后,罗非鱼对照组全部死亡,4个实验组只有部分死亡。鉴定发现,吉富罗非鱼的死亡均由感染无乳链球菌所致,试验组罗非鱼的免疫保护率分别为51.42%(B组)、58.62%(C组)、58.62%(D组)和68.93%(E组),以中草药复合微生态制剂组的免疫保护率最高。综上所述,在饲料中添加一定比例的中草药复合微生态制剂可以提高吉富罗非鱼生长指标、改善其肠道菌群结构和增加抗病力。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2016,(4)
通过在饲料中分别添加2×10~7 CFU/g的芽孢杆菌制剂、中草药芽孢杆菌制剂、复合微生态制剂和中草药复合微生态制剂,研究4种微生态制剂对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、肠道菌群及抗病力等的影响。结果显示:(1)饲料中添加4种微生态制剂均可显著提高罗非鱼的增重率(P0.05),对成活率和饲料利用率也有一定程度的提高(P0.05),而中草药复合微生态制剂对罗非鱼促进生长效果最佳。(2)饲料中添加4种微生态制剂可以显著提高罗非鱼肠道中的细菌总数、芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量(P0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05),说明饲料中添加一定量的4种微生态制均可改善罗非鱼的肠道菌群结构,以中草药复合微生态制剂的改善效果最佳。(3)经人工感染无乳链球菌后,罗非鱼对照组全部死亡,4个实验组只有部分死亡。鉴定发现,吉富罗非鱼的死亡均由感染无乳链球菌所致,试验组罗非鱼的免疫保护率分别为51.42%(B组)、58.62%(C组)、58.62%(D组)和68.93%(E组),以中草药复合微生态制剂组的免疫保护率最高。综上所述,在饲料中添加一定比例的中草药复合微生态制剂可以提高吉富罗非鱼生长指标、改善其肠道菌群结构和增加抗病力。 相似文献
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黄河鲤嗜水气单胞菌的分离、毒力及用药分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自发病黄河鲤4种组织中分离致病菌,结合形态学和16SrDNA序列分析,发现分离到的细菌属气单胞菌属。回归感染试验发现,患病鱼体出现鳃盖等多处组织出血且伴随肠炎等症状,表明引起黄河鲤发病的致病菌为嗜水气单胞菌,命名为HNAh01。半致死密度测定发现,嗜水气单胞菌HNAh01的半致死密度为1.38×10~7 cfu/mL。药敏结果表明,该致病性嗜水气单胞菌是典型的多重耐药嗜水气单胞菌,但对恩诺沙星极为敏感。因此,选择恩诺沙星对分离菌株进行体外药效学和用药分析试验。药效学试验表明,恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌HNAh01的最小抑菌质量浓度为1.56ng/mL,最小杀菌质量浓度为3.12ng/mL,防耐药突变质量浓度为12.5ng/mL,耐药选择窗的范围为1.56~12.5ng/mL。用药分析结果显示,黄河鲤口服剂量为10mg/kg时对嗜水气单胞菌HNAh01的相对保护率达83%。本文研究为嗜水气单胞菌的防治提供了理论基础与实践依据。 相似文献
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Mei Liu Baojie Wang Keyong Jiang Kui Gong Shujuan Sun Lei Wang Wenzhen Liu Yaping Fu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(3):269-278
Penaeidin is an antimicrobial peptide family found in penaeid shrimp. Penaeidin3 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and is most effective against certain bacterial species. In this study, the penaeidin3‐2 gene was cloned from the Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. It was then transformed into rice plants using an Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation system. The transformants were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. To evaluate the application of penaeidin3‐2 expressed by rice plants in the feedstock industry and aquaculture practice, the transgenic rice bran was added to fish feed. The proliferation of microbes in the feed was significantly inhibited by the transgenic rice bran. Furthermore, the mortality of tilapias challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila was also significantly reduced when they were fed with the transgenic bran expressing penaeidin3‐2. Their intestinal flora changed when the fish were fed with rice bran expressing the introduced gene for a relatively long period. Fish that survived the challenge had a more intact midgut structure. These results indicate that penaeidin3‐2 expressed in rice plants may possess the ability to modulate the intestinal bacterial community and protect the gut structure from damage. 相似文献
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Commercial production of tilapia in Kenya has potential for expansion, but growth and development of the tilapia industry in Kenya will depend upon its profitability and the effect of associated risks. Data from pond experiments, on-farm trials, and farm surveys were used to develop enterprise budgets and a risk analysis for nine production scenarios. The nine scenarios include: 1) monoculture of sex-reversed male tilapia fed either rice bran, a pelleted experimental diet, or a pelleted pig finisher diet; 2) clarias monoculture fed with each of the three diets; and 3) tilapia-clarias (sex-reversed male fingerlings) polyculture fed with each of the three diets. Net returns/ha were highest for production with the pig finisher diet, with clarias in monoculture the highest followed by tilapia in monoculture and then the polyculture system. The lowest net returns/ha were obtained with clarias fed rice bran. Profitability was affected by feed cost and tilapia survival. Tilapia monoculture systems had lower probabilities of financial losses than either clarias monoculture or the polyculture system. Use of the pelleted diets also resulted in lower probabilities of financial losses. Lower yields from the rice bran feed scenario resulted in its greater sensitivity to fluctuating costs of rice bran and survival of tilapia. 相似文献
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Jatobá A Vieira Fdo N Buglione-Neto CC Mouriño' JL Silva BC Seiftter WQ Andreatta ER 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):725-732
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a probiotic (Lactobacillus
plantarum) supplemented diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) in a polyculture system with marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as regards culture performance, hematology, and gut bacterial microbiota. Ten 20-m2 pens were arranged in one earthen pond
and stocked with 2 fish (41.9 g) m−2 and 10 shrimp (2.3 g) m−2, in total of 40 Nile tilapias and 200 shrimp per experimental unit. Tilapia groups in five of the experimental units were
fed a commercial diet supplemented with L. plantarum and the other five with an unsupplemented commercial diet (control). After 12 weeks of culture, the tilapia groups fed the
probiotic-supplemented diet presented values 13.6, 7.5, and 7.1% higher for feed efficiency, yield, and final weight, respectively.
Viable culturable heterotrophic bacteria counts were reduced, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was increased in the
gut of fish and shrimp fed the probiotic-supplemented diet. Hematological analyses showed higher number of thrombocytes and
leukocytes in tilapia fed the supplemented diet. L. plantarum utilized in this study colonized the gut of tilapia and shrimp and resulted in reduced number of total bacteria and increased
tilapia final weight and feed efficiency. 相似文献
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The autochthonous microbiota of the freshwater omnivores jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the effect of dietary carbohydrates 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fabiola S Pedrotti Simon Davies Daniel L Merrifield Maria Risoleta F Marques Ana Paula M Fraga José Luiz P Mouriño Débora M Fracalossi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(2):472-481
Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota of fish differs depending on host feeding habits and these populations may also be influenced by dietary ingredients. In this study, the bacterial populations of the intestinal tract of the opportunistic omnivore jundiá Rhamdia quelen and the typical omnivore tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated in two experiments. In experiment I, the levels of amylolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic, proteolytic and total culturable bacteria were compared in the proximal, mid and distal intestine using selective agar. Higher levels of amylolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic, proteolytic and total culturable bacteria were observed in the tilapia than jundiá, in all intestinal regions. Jundiá contained higher levels of proteolytic bacteria and lipid digesting bacteria in the distal intestinal portion as compared with the mid intestine; both fish species also presented more amylolytic bacteria in the distal intestine. In experiment II, the amylolytic intestinal microbiota between the two species was compared after administration of diets containing different carbohydrate sources. Jundiá fed broken rice presented higher total culturable bacterial levels; however, dietary cassava bagasse and ground corn significantly elevated the population of amylolytic bacteria in tilapia (P > 0.05). PCR‐DGGE was also used to assess the bacterial communities in experiment II. A Cetobacterium spp. was detected in jundiá fed diets containing broken rice, and tilapia fed cassava bagasse, dextrin, broken rice and ground corn. Microbial differentiation was further demonstrated between jundiá and tilapia, because an uncultured bacterium was unique in tilapia and an uncultured spirochete was observed only in jundiá; the presence of these bacterial species was also influenced by dietary carbohydrate sources. 相似文献
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Results showed that all-male Nile tilapia can be cultured in milkfish ponds without affecting the growth and production of milkfish, at ratios of 1–3 tilapia to 5 milkfish; 2:5 is the optimum ratio.Supplemental feeding with fine rice bran or copra meal at a daily rate of 5% of the biomass increased the net production of milkfish but had no influence on all-male Nile tilapia. Standing crop of about 890 kg/ha in 135 days was obtained in a polyculture system of milkfish, all-male Nile tilapia and snakehead when fed rice bran. 相似文献
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Bruno da Silva Pierri Allan David Silva Douglas Ismael Cadorin Tamiris Henrique Ferreira Jos Luiz Pedreira Mourio Keith Filer James E. Pettigrew Dbora Machado Fracalossi 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):176-186
Thirty groups of twenty juveniles each of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, initial average weight 23.93 ± 0.80 g) were fed diets containing increasing amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of levels used by the tilapia feed industry) of organic trace mineral (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se) supplementation for 56 days. Growth was not affected by the dose of mineral supplementation. However, body protein increased in fish fed intermediate doses of organic minerals, reaching a maximum at 40.44% supplementation. Doses >50% showed mild damage to the intestinal tissue. Body Fe, Zn and Cu deposition were highest at 28.32%, 24.43% and 78.45% supplementation, respectively. Tilapia could modulate intestinal morphology when fed different doses of organic minerals. As the supplementation doses increased, hemosiderin staining increased in the distal intestine and total body Fe content, indicating that the distal region of the intestine plays an important role in iron excretion by tilapia. Supplementation of organic trace minerals at intermediate doses does not harm Nile tilapia growth, but excessive trace mineral supplementation can impair body protein retention and promote histological alterations in the gut. 相似文献
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为研究不同地区稻虾综合种养系统的环境及克氏原螯虾肠道的细菌群落结构差异,为改进不同地区稻虾综合养殖策略提供依据,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,研究了武汉、永州和韶关地区稻田养殖克氏原螯虾的水体、底泥及虾肠道细菌群落结构,并对水体、肠道菌群与环境因子之间的关系进行了分析。结果显示,武汉地区稻虾综合种养系统的水体、底泥及克氏原螯虾肠道细菌群落的多样性均大于永州地区和韶关地区。武汉地区的稻虾综合种养系统的水体及底泥的细菌群落结构与永州地区和韶关地区均相似,其中水体的优势菌门均为放线菌门、蓝细菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门;底泥的优势菌门均为变形菌门。武汉地区的克氏原螯虾肠道的优势菌门为变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门;优势菌属为柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter,10.85%)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas,9.88%)和[Anaerorhabdus]＿furcosa＿group (8.43%)等。永州地区的克氏原螯虾肠道的优势菌门为厚壁菌门和放线菌门;优势菌属为ZOR0006 (9.78%)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides,5.41%)和[Anaerorhabdus]＿fur... 相似文献
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Kim T. Tran‐Ngoc Mahmoud N. Haidar Arjen J. Roem Joo Sendo Johan A. J. Verreth Johan W. Schrama 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(9):2577-2590
The present study assessed the effect of different feed ingredients on nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC), nitrogen/energy balance and morphology changes in the intestine of Nile tilapia; using a control diet and six test diets, in which the following six ingredients were included at 30%: hydrolysed feather meal (HFM), soybean meal (SBM), rice bran (RB), rapeseed meal (RM), sunflower meal (SFM) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). The proximal, middle and distal intestine was processed for quantitative histology counting the number of goblet cells (GC), and measuring the thickness of lamina propria (LP) and submucosa (SM). The study showed that the ADC of protein in raw materials were highest in SBM (92.2%), followed by SFM (90.2%), DDGS (89.2%), RM (87.8%), HFM (86.9%) and RB (84.0%). The nutrient ADCs had no correlation with intestinal morphology changes. Only the SBM diet caused noticeable changes in intestinal morphology such as an increase the thickness of SM and LP and the number of GC. The diet composition, however, altered the protein efficiency and the maintenance energy requirement. Protein retention efficiency was the lowest in fish fed HFM and the highest in RB. The highest maintenance energy requirements were observed in HFM and SBM treatments. 相似文献
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Effects of a dietary organic acids blend and oxytetracycline on the growth,nutrient utilization and total cultivable gut microbiota of the red hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis sp., and resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chik‐Boon Koh Nicholas Romano Abdullah Siti Zahrah Wing‐Keong Ng 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(2):357-369
A 20‐week feeding trial was conducted to measure growth, nutrient utilization and faecal/gut bacterial counts in triplicate groups of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., when fed diets supplemented with 0.5% organic acids blend (OAB), 1.0% OAB, 0.5% oxytetracycline (OTC) or a control diet (no additives). At the end of the feeding trial, tilapia were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae for 22 days. Fish fed the OTC diet had significantly higher (P < 0.05) growth than the control treatment, while growth between fish fed the OTC or OAB diets was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Phosphorus, dry matter and ash digestibility were significantly higher in the 1.0% OAB diet than the control diet. Fish fed the OAB diets had significantly lower colony‐forming units of adherent gut bacteria compared to the control or OTC treatments while those fed the 1.0% OAB diet had the lowest total faecal bacterial counts. Tilapia fed the 0.5% OTC or OAB diet had significantly higher resistance to S. agalactiae than those fed the control diet. This study indicates that dietary organic acids can potentially replace OTC as a growth promoter and antimicrobial in tilapia feeds. 相似文献