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The effect of juvenile cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera avenae) on the root growth of oat and barley seedlings was tested in three pot experiments. Invasion by juveniles hindered the extension of the seminal root axes of both cereals; after invasion, axes took 2–3 days to attain normal rates of extension. This response was found in susceptible and resistant cultivars. When oats and barley were exposed to continued invasion over 9 days, barley produced a larger root system than oats and was less stunted by nematode invasion. The density of nematodes per unit of root was less in barley than in oats. The effects on root growth were similar to reported responses of roots to mechanical damage. 相似文献
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Many field experiments in England and Wales during the past 20 years have measured cereal yield losses and established regressions of yield on numbers of Heterodera avenae. Yield benefits from soil sterilants were greatest where most H avenae was present. Isogenic selections of barley and oats resistant and susceptible to H. avenae were extensively grown to assess the losses caused by this nematode alone. In some experiments these losses were identical with those measured by nematicide use, but in others (notably where broad spectrum biocides were used) losses were greater than those attributable to H. avenae and could be explained only by the known incidence of accompanying pathogens. Some yield loss may be due to migratory nematodes, e.g. Pratylenchus spp. occurring with H. avenae. Barley and wheat yields in the last 30 years have increased by 63 and 84 % due to improvements in cultivars and farming practice. Smaller percentage loss in a high yielding crop can be as costly as large percentage loss in poor crops grown on dry light soils. Many factors - soil type, rainfall, nutrients, other pathogens etc. - can greatly modify crop responses to similar popuiation levels of H. avenae. 相似文献
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禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)纤维素结合 蛋白基因(Ha-cbp-1)的克隆和序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)是中国小麦上的重要病原线虫。纤维素结合蛋白基因是一种重要的植物线虫寄生和致病相关基因。用同源克隆的方法从禾谷孢囊线虫寄生前二龄幼虫中克隆出一种纤维素结合蛋白新基因Ha-cbp-1（GenBank 注册号GQ178086）cDNA序列。Ha-cbp-1基因cDNA包含1个开放阅读框,编码131个氨基酸残基的蛋白质,预测蛋白由1个长度为18氨基酸残基的信号肽和1个纤维素结合区域（CBD）组成。Ha-cbp-1的基因组DNA序列含有2个内含子。预测的禾谷孢囊线虫纤维素结合蛋白（HA-CBP-1）序列与大豆孢囊线虫纤维素结合蛋白（HG-CBP-1）序列有60%的同一性和76%的相似性,与甜菜孢囊线虫纤维素结合蛋白（HS-CBP-1）序列有60%的同一性和75%的相似性。本研究首次从禾谷孢囊线虫中成功克隆出CBP蛋白基因。 相似文献
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G.S. Grandison 《EPPO Bulletin》1982,12(4):333-334
The cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) was discovered in New Zealand in 1975 on wheat and oats. It was not at that time causing appreciable economic losses in yield, presumably because usual management practice incorporated a good crop rotation with lucerne. However, now that the growing of cereals has become more profitable, farmers are tending to grow consecutive cereal crops and more damage from H. avenae is being experienced. On one farm, up to 9 % of an oat crop was lost due to this nematode. The biotype has not yet been determined. 相似文献
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Parissa Taheri 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(1):1-20
Small grain cereals, such as wheat, barley and oats are considered among the most important food sources. Plant-parasitic nematodes play a considerable role in decreasing cereal yields. The three-major species of cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) Heterodera avenae, H. latipons, and H. filipjevi are distributed worldwide and cause considerable damage. This review provides information regarding the global distribution of these nematode species, yield loss due to CCN, their biology and pathogenic relation to plants, identification and control through agricultural practices, biological agents and resistance breeding. As morphological identification of CCN is difficult and time-consuming, several molecular techniques for the identification of these CCN species have been developed in recent years. The restrictions on the use of nematicides demand for resistance to CCN. Resistance genes in several lines are known and are used in numerous breeding programmes against CCN; pyramiding these resistance genes into high yielding cultivars that could become commercially available for farmers is progressing. 相似文献
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Genetic relationships and isozyme variability in the Heterodera avenae complex determined by isoelectrofocusing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Isozyme variability was assessed among the principal species of the cereal cyst nematode complex to complete and enhance the information provided by classical nematode systematics, in order to clarify inter- and intraspecific relationships within this complex. Twenty populations of cereal cyst nematodes ( Heterodera avenae , H. filipjevi , H. latipons and H. mani ) were compared by means of five different isoenzymatic systems (esterase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase and superoxide dismutase) using isoelectrofocusing (IEF) on the electrophoretic separation. The results are in agreement with previous morphological and biochemical characterizations, which established genetic diversity between the Gotland strain and H. avenae and identified the Gotland strain with H. filipjevi . Populations from Israel, all included in the H. avenae group, exhibited well-defined intraspecific dissimilarity. The highest degree of polymorphism was found in the H. avenae group for all five enzymatic systems studied. The H. mani population was also included in the H. avenae group by these isozyme analyses. Malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase and phosphoglucomutase isozymes, fractionated for the first time by IEF in the cereal cyst nematode complex, displayed a higher level of polymorphism than using conventional electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing has proved to be a useful tool for detecting genetic diversity within and among species of the cereal cyst nematode complex and for taxonomic purposes. 相似文献
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R.H. Brown 《EPPO Bulletin》1982,12(4):413-416
Australian studies on populations of Heterodera avenae have been conducted in Victoria, Western Australia. South Australia, and New South Wales. Only one pathotype has been identified so far, and it is distinct from those recorded elsewhere. Few recognised sources of resistance in barley and oats are useable in Australian breeding programmes. The first commercially acceptable cultivars of wheat, barley, and oats resistant to cereal cyst nematode will be released in Victoria within the next year or two. Their resistances are derived from spring wheat(AUS 10894), Marocaine 079 (CI 8334), and Arena sterilis (Cc 4658) respectively. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae has been reported in wheat fields in Egypt; however no information is available on the hatch of second-stage... 相似文献
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燕麦孢囊线虫在河北冬麦区的种群动态 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确河北省燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae在自然环境下的侵染与发育特点,于2009-2012年分别采用漂浮法、浅盘法和酸性品红染色法在3个不同区域对土壤中孢囊和2龄幼虫(J2)以及根系内线虫进行了系统调查,并对孢囊内卵的发育动态进行检测.在土壤中除6月上中旬未检测到J2外,周年均分离到J2.冬前J2出现小高峰,种群密度为12.3 ～18.6条/100mL土样;在4月上中旬J2大量发生,种群密度为52 ～ 65条/100 mL土样.冬前J2侵入小麦后能够发育至3龄幼虫,3龄幼虫发生高峰在4月下旬至5月上旬,4龄幼虫的发生高峰在5月中下旬,白雌虫形成高峰期在5月下旬,且1年后孢囊内卵孵化率达到86.5％.研究表明,燕麦孢囊线虫在河北省小麦上1年发生1代,关键侵染期在3月下旬至4月中旬. 相似文献
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D. Sturhan 《EPPO Bulletin》1982,12(4):335-339
Second-stage juveniles of heteroderid species often present more reliable diagnostic characters than cysts. For identification of European cereal and grass cyst nematodes, size and position of the phasmids, swelling of the cuticle behind the lip region, expression of the lateral fields, shape and size of the stylet knobs and measurements of, for example, the tail and the hyaline tail portion are useful. A key presented, based on larval characters, allows identification of seven European cereal and grass cyst nematode species and their distinction from other European heteroderids not reproducing on Gramineae. Species identification is often difficult in the Heterodera avenae/H. mani complex and evidence exists that additional species are present within this group. 相似文献
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云南省灯盏花根际土壤寄生线虫的种类鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2001-2005年对云南省灯盏花主要栽培区的灯盏花根部及根际土壤的寄生线虫进行分类鉴定,共鉴定出9种线虫:内卷滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides involutus)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus avenae)、异头丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus heterocephalus)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)、草地短体线虫(Pratylenchus pratensis)、活泼平滑垫刃线虫(Psilenchus hilarulus)、戴维恩垫刃线虫(Tylenchusdavainei)和广东垫刃线虫(Tylenchus guangdongensis)。优势种群是双宫螺旋线虫,其次是南方根结线虫。灯盏花是这些线虫的新记录寄主。 相似文献
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D. Sturhan 《EPPO Bulletin》1982,12(4):321-324
A survey of cereal and grass cyst nematodes in the Federal Republic of Germany revealed that Heterodera avenae is the most widely distributed heteroderid species and common mainly in areas with light sandy soils and intensive cereal cultivation. The so-called ≪race 3 ≫ was recovered several times, and other populations differing morphologically from ≪ typical ≫ H. avenae were found. H. hordecalis, H. bifenestra, H. mani, H. iri and Punctodera punctata were also recovered in many parts of the country. In arable soils these species constituted only 7 % of all records of cereal and grass cyst nematodes, whereas they prevailed in grassland, forests and other habitats, where they amounted to almost 80 % of the records. 93 % of all H. avenae records came from agricultural soils, but only 21 % of the records of the five other species. H. hordecalis and H. bifenestra are obviously of no economic importance in FRG. 相似文献
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The effect of organophosphate and oxime carbamates on the potato cyst nematode, Heterodera rostochiensis was investigated. Although aldicarb slightly delayed emergence of second stage larvae, none of the chemicals decreased total hatch. Aldicarb had a marked effect on second stage larvae in soil which was subsequently reflected in root invasion counts. Comparisons between the initial and final populations (multiplication rate) of the potato cyst nematode are very useful for determining the efficacy of treatment. The evidence from these experiments suggests that organophosphoros compounds and oxime carbamates, although “systemic”, act against plant parasitic nematodes in the soil phase of the life cycle and not in the plant. 相似文献
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甘肃省小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的发生及分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解甘肃省小麦孢囊线虫病发生程度和分布情况,2009-2012年于小麦抽穗至灌浆期,采用Z字形取样法,取根际0~20cm土壤,用漂浮法分离孢囊,统计100g土样的孢囊数量,用形态学方法鉴定线虫。从甘肃省12个地区50个县区,134个乡镇共采集到463个小麦田间土样。结果表明,孢囊平均检出率为47.9%,其中冬麦区孢囊平均检出率为61.5%,春麦区平均检出率为34.2%,冬麦和春麦混播区为52.3%,冬麦、春麦及冬春麦混播区平均孢囊数分别为3.5、6.8和3.9个/100g土样。其中平凉市灵台县和兰州市永登县孢囊线虫发生最为严重,个别地块每100g土样中孢囊数超过40个。根据孢囊形态学特征的观察,将甘肃省采集到的孢囊线虫鉴定为禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)。研究结果可为有效防治甘肃省麦类孢囊线虫病提供依据。 相似文献
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食线虫真菌蠕虫埃斯特菌对植物寄生线虫的侵染特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评价食线虫真菌蠕虫埃斯特菌Esteya vermicola菌株NKF 13222的生防应用价值,采用2%水琼脂培养基平板接种法测定了该菌株对7种植物寄生线虫的诱引、黏附和侵染能力,并比较了其对不同线虫的侵染特性.结果显示,该菌株的菌丝对松材线虫、拟松材线虫、腐烂茎线虫和水稻干尖线虫均有诱引作用,而对南方根结线虫、禾谷孢囊线虫和穿刺短体线虫无诱引作用;菌株的粘性分生孢子对有诱引现象的4种线虫都能黏附,接种24 h后的黏附率达到82%～99%,对无诱引现象的3种线虫不能黏附;粘性分生孢子黏附虫体后对不同线虫的侵染力存在差异,接种7 d后的松材线虫死亡率可达98%,而拟松材线虫、腐烂茎线虫和水稻干尖线虫死亡率分别为43%、35%和9%.表明蠕虫埃斯特菌不仅是松材线虫的强内寄生真菌,而且对其它重要植物寄生线虫也具有一定的应用潜力. 相似文献
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为明确不同土壤质地对禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae发生危害的影响,分别测试了6种土壤质地中禾谷孢囊线虫的侵染、发育及其种群动态。结果显示：在整个小麦生长季,不同土质中禾谷孢囊线虫2龄幼虫（J2）的种群变化趋势一致。冬前土壤中少量线虫孵化,11月下旬各种土质中J2种群密度达到10.8~14.2条/100 mL土壤;4月初为J2发生高峰期,其种群密度为54.6~77.1条/100 mL土壤,且土壤中含壤土比例越高J2数量越大;J2在壤土与砂土比为6：1和1：0土壤中侵入根系的数量最多,单株根系J2数量为672.7~685.0条,且土壤中砂土比例越大J2侵入数量越少,相应地根系内3龄幼虫和形成的孢囊数量也越少;不同土质中不同时期孢囊内虫口减退率不同,但在生长季末不同土质中孢囊内虫口总减退率无显著差异。研究表明,土质对孢囊内虫口减退率无影响,土质沙性越大越不利于禾谷孢囊线虫的发生危害。 相似文献