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1.
Sridhar BHAVANI David P. HODSON Julio HUERTA-ESPINO Mandeep S. RANDHAWA Ravi P. SINGH 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2019,6(3):210
Races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat production. The rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times. A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat production. Race TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in Europe. Concerted research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance genes and gene combinations for use in breeding. Combining multiple adult plant resistance (APR) genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of resistance. Effective gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes, complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments. 相似文献
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CIMMYT小麦PBW343和Muu中条锈和叶锈成株抗性QTL分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为发掘CIMMYT小麦品种PBW343和Muu中条锈和叶锈成株抗性基因,以PBW343与Muu杂交的146个F6代重组自交系为材料,种植于田间调查鉴定,并利用31个SSR标记、16个EST标记和502个DArT(Di-versity Arrays Technology)标记构建连锁图,采用复合区间作图法进行小麦条锈病和叶锈病的成株抗性QTL分析,发现了2个控制小麦抗条锈病和1个控制小麦抗叶锈病的QTL,分别位于2AL、2BL和5BL上,解释8.89%,10.81%和12.82%的表型变异,3个QTL均来自小麦品种Muu。这2个小麦抗条锈QTL和1个抗叶锈QTL的发掘,将为小麦抗病育种提供理论和技术支持。 相似文献
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为帮助我国小麦研究人员全面了解秆锈菌新小种-Ug99 及其对我国小麦生产的潜在威胁,呼吁加强 Ug99 及其变异小种传播与扩散的监控,加强抗病种质创新和持久性耐病新品种选育,提前预防 Ug99 的危害。对 Ug99 小种变异、致病力、分布扩散以及小麦及其亲缘种属抗病基因发掘、连锁分子标记筛选,抗性育种策略与进展,中国 Ug99 研究现状进行了总结,由此不难看出,Ug99 是容易发生小种变异、毒力极强、扩展速度较快的秆锈菌新小种,极有可能对世界小麦生产带来的全球性危害。应该加强小麦及其亲缘种属新抗病基因的发掘与利用和持久性耐病新品种的培育,控制和预防 Ug99 及其变异小种的危害。 相似文献
4.
I. A. Belan 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(2):117-120
Evaluation of bread wheat varieties carrying the wheat-rye translocation has been performed for the natural resistance of plants to leaf rust and powdery mildew. It has been revealed that such bread wheat varieties as Omskaya 37 and Omskaya 38 show a high field resistance to leaf rust and, in a varying degree, to powdery mildew. The breeding material has been evaluated for the resistance to Ug99 in Kenya. The resistant lines have been isolated and recommended for further selection. Based on the introgressive material, a number of commercial varieties (Pamyati Maystrenko and Omskaya 41) with the complex resistance to leaf pathogens and high adaptability to unfavorable abiotic factors of the environment have been created. Varieties with alien genetic materials have been involved in the hybridization for development of new promising lines. 相似文献
5.
粗山羊草苗期抗叶锈性鉴定及抗叶锈基因推导 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
普通小麦D基因组的供体材料粗山羊草含有丰富的抗叶锈病基因资源,而且具有较好的农艺性状,在抗病育种中具有重要的应用价值。本研究旨在了解粗山羊草的抗叶锈性以及准确了解其中所含抗叶锈基因。选取25株小麦叶锈菌株对6个粗山羊草品系进行抗叶锈性离体鉴定,筛选出4个在苗期对22个和23个菌株表现中到高抗的品系。试验选用18个不同毒力类型的小麦叶锈菌株和44个已知的抗叶锈单基因品系对其进行了抗叶锈基因推导,推导出粗山羊草4254-Y206可能含有Lr1,Lr10和Lr29或其他未用于本次研究的抗叶锈基因;4255-Y212可能含有Lr10和Lr29抗叶锈基因或其他未用于本次研究的抗叶锈基因;Y192可能含有Lr41抗叶锈基因或其他未用于本次研究的抗叶锈基因;Y201可能含有其他未用于本次研究的抗叶锈基因。 相似文献
6.
为了解442份小麦材料苗期的抗病性，利用当前条锈菌优势流行生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34对其进行苗期抗性鉴定，并利用基因芯片检测了其中241份春小麦所携带的抗条锈基因。结合苗期抗条锈病鉴定和基因芯片检测结果，共筛选出151个抗性品种，其中四川材料和CIMMYT材料中的抗条锈病基因较为丰富，且分布频率高。研究结果为筛选国内抗病性小麦种质资源以及国外优异种质的引进提供了参考，也为挖掘小麦抗条锈病基因及后续小麦抗条锈病分子育种研究奠定基础。 相似文献
7.
Zhonghu HE Xianchun XIA Yong ZHANG Yan ZHANG Yonggui XIAO Xinmin CHEN Simin LI Yuanfeng HAO Awais RASHEED Zhiyong XIN Qiaosheng ZHUANG Ennian YANG Zheru FAN Jun YAN Ravi SINGH Hans-Joachim BRAUN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2019,6(3):233
China and CIMMYT have collaborated on wheat improvement for over 40 years and significant progress has been achieved in five aspects in China. A standardized protocol for testing Chinese noodle quality has been established with three selection criteria, i.e., gluten quality, starch viscosity and flour color are identified as being responsible for noodle quality. Genomic approaches have been used to develop and validate gene-specific markers, leading to the establishment of a KASP platform, and seven cultivars have been released through application of molecular marker technology. Methodology for breeding adult-plant resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, based on the pleiotropic effect of minor genes has been established, resulting in release of six cultivars. More than 330 cultivars derived from CIMMYT germplasm have been released and are now grown over 9% of the Chinese wheat production area. Additionally, physiological approaches have been used to characterize yield potential and develop high-efficiency phenotyping platforms. CIMMYT has also provided valuable training for Chinese scientists. Development of climate-resilient cultivars with application of new technology will be the priority for future collaboration. 相似文献
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小麦品种成株期抗条锈性表达生育期的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对5个携带不同成株期抗性的小麦品种在温室和田间成株期抗病性的研究表明，Chuanyu 12在温室条件下表现感病到中度感病，而在田间表现抗病；携带慢锈性抗性的品种Weebill在温室和田间都表现中度抗病；携带Yr18和2~3个微效抗性基因的品种Chpaio, Tukuru 和 Saar，在温室和田间都表现高度抗病。在温室条件下，对在不同生育期5个抗病品种的反应型和潜育期的研究表明，反应型在分蘖期开始降低，而潜育期随着生育期的发展表现延长。虽然田间严重度和温室反应型、潜育期之间有良好的相关性，成株期抗性的鉴定仍最好在田间进行。 相似文献
10.
Components of resistance were investigated for five adult-plant resistant (APR) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars at six growth stages and two temperatures in the greenhouse, and disease progress in a field trial. Chinese cultivar Chuanyu 12displayed high to intermediate infection type (IT) in the greenhouse but was highly resistant in the field. Weebill showed an intermediate IT in the greenhouse and also in the field. Chpaio, Tukuru and Saar, known to carry combinations of Yr18and 2-3 additional minor genes, were highly resistant in both experiments. Greenhouse experiments indicated that the lower IT of APR cultivars initiated at tillering stage. Latent periods (LP) for APR cultivars were generally longer as the growth stage progressed. We conclude that APR to stripe rust can be best characterized in field trials although significant correlations are seen between field severity and IT and LP measured in the greenhouse. 相似文献
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12.
山东省小麦叶锈菌群体毒性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]为小麦抗病品种的培育和合理利用提供依据。[方法]以小麦抗叶锈近等（单）基因系及已知基因的品系作为鉴别寄主,对2008年采集自山东省的62株叶锈菌菌株标样进行测定,计算其毒性频率。[结果]62株菌株共划分为35个致病类型,其中THSS、PHSS、THQS、THTS、FHSS、PHQT和THTT为优势致病类型,其出现频率分别为9.7%、6.5%、6.5%、6.5%、6.5%、4.8%、4.8%;根据小麦叶锈菌群体毒性基因频率,可确定抗叶锈基因Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr30、Lr36、Lr39、Lr42、Lr21＋39、Lr45和Lr47为目前山东省有效抗病基因（组合）。[结论]该研究为山东省小麦叶锈病的有效控制提供了参考。 相似文献
13.
139份小麦品种（系）抗秆锈性测定及其Ug99 抗病基因分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】云南省在中国小麦秆锈病的大区传播与病害流行中起着关键作用,一旦Ug99及其变异体入侵中国,极大可能会首先在本地区定植、增殖、向其他麦区传播,引起全国小麦秆锈病新的流行。因此,论文旨在分析云南省主要生产后备品种及CIMMYT抗Ug99的材料对中国小麦秆锈菌小种的抗性及含有Ug99抗病基因情况,为抗病品种布局提供指导。【方法】于2013年10月至2014年3月在沈阳农业大学植物植保学院玻璃温室中,将119份云南省小麦品种（系）、20份经国外穿梭鉴定抗Ug99的材料及感病对照小密穗分别在直径为10 cm泥盆中播种,小麦一叶一心时,用中国小麦秆锈菌流行小种21C3HTTTM、34MRGQM和1个经有性过程的新小种34C3RTGQM进行喷粉接种、保湿箱保湿并在15-26℃（夜/昼）的温室环境里孵育。约两周后,当感病品种小密穗充分发病时,按照0-4级标准调查记载侵染型：（0-2+级记为抗病、3--4记为感病）,对供试小麦品种（系）的抗秆锈性进行评价。同时,分别剪取各个未接种的供试材料幼叶组织进行基因组DNA提取、利用文献报道的4个抗Ug99基因的分子标记（Sr22、Sr25、Sr26和Sr28）进行PCR扩增、2.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳及聚丙烯酰胺电泳对目标抗病基因进行分子检测。【结果】在119份云南省小麦材料中,有42份材料对参试小麦秆锈菌小种表现出差异性抗性（占35.3%）,其中表现免疫-近免疫的有6份（5%）,表现高抗-中抗的有36份（30.3%）。剩余77份材料均表现感病,其中高度感病的有42份（占35.2%）,中度感病的有35份（占29.4%）,而20份抗Ug99的种质中对全部参试小种表现中度和高度感病的材料也各有2份（均占10%）。对全部139份小麦材料用4个抗病基因进行分子标记检测表明,有2份CIMMYT的材料被检出含Sr25、1份材料含有Sr26、1份材料含有Sr28。有12份云南省小麦品种（系）被检出含有Sr28,但没有检测出含有另3个抗性基因的材料。【结论】云南省小麦品种（系）对中国小麦秆锈菌小种的抗秆锈性水平不高,而部分抗Ug99的CIMMYT材料对中国小麦秆锈菌也表现了不同程度感病。云南省小麦品种（系）中检测出12份材料含有Sr28被认为是国内鲜见报道的Ug99抗性材料。 相似文献
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小麦是加拿大种植面积最大的作物,大部分种植于加拿大西部曼尼托巴省、萨斯喀彻温省、阿尔伯塔省的草原省份。在加拿大小麦种植面积大约有1 000万hm2,包括700万hm2的六倍体春小麦,200万hm2的硬粒小麦和100万hm2的冬小麦。六倍体小麦又根据不同的质量标准和多样化的食品分类、市场需要等划分成很多类。其中最主要的一类叫加西硬红类(CWRS),是加拿大最主要用于做面包的春小麦品种系列。历史上危害小麦的病害主要是由秆锈菌(Puccinia graminisf.sp.tritici)引起的小麦秆锈病。在加拿大抗秆锈病的第一个重要品种是Thatcher,从20世纪30年代到70年代早期广泛种植。然而Thatcher对由叶锈菌(P.triticina)引起的叶锈病十分感病。多年来,随着含其他抗锈基因(主要是Sr2,Sr6,Sr7a,Sr9b,Lr13,Lr14a,Lr16,Lr34)品种的育成和推广,秆锈病得到了很好的控制,但叶锈病却由于P.triticina种群变化,导致例如Lr13和Lr16抗性基因的抗性丧失,仍然造成很大的损失。小麦条锈病主要由柄锈菌(P.striiformisf.sp.tritici)引起的,长期以来,条锈病是阿尔伯塔南部灌溉区小麦生产上的主要病害,但是自2000年以来,小麦条锈病已经在加拿大中部草原区和安大略南部发现,并造成严重危害。加拿大小麦品种中,只有少数含有中抗水平的Yr18抗条锈基因,而大多数小麦品种对条锈病的抗性基础及抗病遗传尚不清楚。展望未来,锈病仍然是加拿大小麦的主要病害,如条锈病或者是具有高致病力的秆锈病小种,Ug-99可能会是加拿大小麦及谷物生产的新威胁,目前解决这些问题的最好策略是致力于长期的抗锈病遗传育种研究,包括聚合有效耐用的基因,对基因进行有效的部署和聚合抗性基因使遗传资源最大化等手段。将科研重点放在自然遗传抗病方面旨在使加拿大农民能够按对自然环境有利的方式来生产化学残余量最少的小麦,从而在国内和国际市场竞争中占据优势。 相似文献
15.
The gene postulation, cluster analysis and pedigree analysis of 20 wheat cultivars to 28 physiological races of yellow rust （Puccinia striiformis） were conducted under greenhouse conditions, The spectrum of their resistance were compared each other. None of the 20 cultivars were resistant to all the test pathogens. The cultivars containing resistance genes Yr5 and Yr24 were not find and genes Yr8, Yrl9 and Yr27 could not be postulated from cultivars tested due to the susceptibility to all isolates used. A total of 6 probale seedling yellow rust resistance genes or gene combinations （Yrl, Yr2, Yr2 ＋ YrHVII, Yr3 ＋ unknown, Yr3 ＋ Yr4, YrAlba） were postulated in the wheat cultivars （Atou, Flanders, Maris Huntsman, Bouquet, Holdfast, Elite Lepeuple, and Vilmorin 27）. The gene combination Yr2＋YrHVII with the highest frequency （35%） was present in 7 cultivars. The Yr genes present in some wheat cultivars could not be postulated because of non-matching virulence combinations with any of known genes. Cluster result showed that Yr2 and Yr3 are the most important genes in the cultivars. The 13 cultivars are believed to have the pedigree of Noe, which was selected from South Russian wheat. These results will be useful for wheat breeding and provide information about genetic control of wheat yellow rust. 相似文献
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CIMMYT 273个小麦品种抗病基因Lr34/Yr18/Pm38的分子标记检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】明确CIMMYT观察圃273个小麦品种(系)在慢病基因Lr34/Yr18/Pm38位点的等位变异类型及其对条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病的抗性,进一步验证抗病基因功能标记的有效性。【方法】利用Lr34/Yr18/Pm38紧密连锁的STS标记csLV34和基于该基因第11外显子(exon11)等位变异开发的5对功能标记cssfr1-cssfr5检测新引进的273个CIMMYT小麦品种(系),同时在成都和北京分别对其进行田间条锈病和白粉病的抗性鉴定,并结合CIMMYT的田间条锈病和叶锈病抗性鉴定结果进行分析。【结果】STS标记csLV34与5对功能标记cssfr1-cssfr5检测结果的一致性为96.7%;在273份CIMMYT材料中有43份材料含有Lr34/Yr18/Pm38,在不同地点对条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病具有不同程度的抗病性。【结论】功能标记cssfr1-cssfr5可准确鉴定Lr34/Yr18/Pm38位点exon11中的等位变异,cssfr3、cssfr4、cssfr5可用于含有Lr34/Yr18/Pm38材料杂交后代的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
17.
Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat varieties from China and foreign countries 
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下载免费PDF全文 Takele Weldu GEBREWAHID 《农业科学学报》2021,20(5):1302-1313
Wheat leaf rust, triggered by Puccinia triticina Eriks(Pt), is among the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Deploying resistant varieties against leaf rust is the most effective, environmentally-friendly and economic way to control the disease. In the present study, 66 wheat varieties form China and foreign countries were tested with 17 Pt races for gene postulation during the seedling stage in the greenhouse. All the varieties were also planted to identify slow rusting responses to leaf rust at the adult plant stage in Baoding and Zhoukou field trials during the 2016/2017 to 2017/2018 cropping seasons. Moreover, 12 closely linked molecular markers to known leaf rust resistance(Lr) genes were used for assessing all the varieties. The results of both gene postulation and molecular marker identification showed that a total of eight Lr genes, Lr1, Lr10, Lr17, Lr20, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37 and Lr46, either singly or in combination were detected in 32 varieties. Known Lr genes were not identified in the remaining 34 varieties. Seventeen varieties were found to have slow rusting resistance. The resistance sources identified in this study can be used as resources for resistance against leaf rust in wheat breeding programs in China and the respective foreign countries. 相似文献
18.
韩公社 《河北农业大学学报》1992,15(4):10-16
用抗叶锈性不同的三个小麦品种 (洛夫林10、冀麦三号和5389) 分别接种两个毒力不同的叶锈菌 (puccinia rccondita f.sp.tritici) 小种 (366和165)、组成已知亲和程度不同的品种—小种组合。结果表明,不亲和组合接种后36h,ATPase活性峰值大而高,组织定位显示ATPase活性提高的部位位于侵柴菌丝接触的细胞及相邻细胞的胞壁和质膜附近;亲和组合接种48h以后,ATPase活性下降,并低于对照水平,组织定位未发现侵染细胞ATPase活性的增强;接种72h以后,侵染菌丝有较高的ATPase活性;慢锈组合ATPase活性介于亲和与不亲和组合之间。 相似文献
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对甘肃省40个小麦品种(系)进行抗条锈性鉴定。结果表明:全生育期抗病的参试材料较少,在苗期感病的许多材料,在成株期抗病,并且反应型非常低,说明小麦不同生育阶段抗性存在差异;而且成株期绝大部分品种(系)的严重度、普遍率及病情指数均低于苗期。并针对本研究结果对今后品种抗条锈鉴定、抗锈育种及现有品种的生产应用所涉及的有关问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
20.
我国小麦抗叶锈病育种研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了小麦叶锈病的经济重要性和抗病育种在小麦病害综合治理中的重要作用。总结评述了建国后50多年来我国在小麦叶锈菌致病性和小麦品种抗病性及其相互作用,以及在小麦抗病育种和品种合理利用等研究方面所取得的主要成就和经验。在对病菌致病性和品种抗病性及其相互作用研究中,鉴定出41个生理小种。明确主要由突变和异核作用不断产生的新小种为导致品种抗锈性丧失的主要原因,品种的遗传分化、混杂退化和布局利用、环境因素,特别是地理生态条件也有重要影响;研究建立了小麦叶锈菌DNA分子遗传标记体系,提出了治理对策。初步揭示了其抗病机制。总结提出了抗病亲本选配和杂交育种以及品种合理利用等方面的成功经验以及当前存在的问题和解决途径。 相似文献