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益生菌是一种微生物产品,经常被使用在水产养殖的生产当中,不仅可以当作饲料的添加剂,还可以当作水质的改良剂,对于当今时代水产业的健康养殖发挥着重要的作用。主要阐述了益生菌的作用和它的主要菌种在现代水产养殖业中的应用,分析它在水产养殖业的应用中出现的问题,并提出应对策略,以及对它将来在水产养殖业中的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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集约化、高密度养殖已成为水产养殖业的发展趋势。在这种养殖模式下,如何保障鱼体健康是人们关注的焦点。20世纪80年代,益生菌在水产养殖行业中首次应用,这种环保且有效的水产养殖策略获得了业界的关注。目前,鱼类养殖中常用益生菌有芽孢杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属、乳球菌属和酵母菌属。添加的益生菌通过抑制病原微生物的增殖、改善鱼类肠道屏障完整性、调节肠道微生物组成和调控肠道免疫功能等作用维护鱼类肠道健康。但是,益生菌发挥功效的具体机制还需要更深入的研究。本文综述了目前鱼类养殖中益生菌的使用情况及其作用机制,同时也探讨了益生菌在水产行业中面临的挑战和未来发展方向。 相似文献
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前几年,随着水产养殖业的快速发展,抗菌素在水产养殖业中的应用也越来越广泛,主要体现在防治水生动物疾病、促进生长发育、节约饲料营养成分等方面发挥了积极作用。尤其是抗菌素的应用有效地控制了许多水产疾病的发生和蔓延,大大地促进了水产养殖业的发展。但是,长期使用抗菌素容易产生耐药菌株、药物质残留及破坏水生动物微生态平衡。这样一方面使得水产养殖疾病越来越难以治疗,另一方面水产品质量安全得不到保证。因此,为了人类的健康和水产养殖业的可持续发展,必须充分认识到抗菌素在水产养殖业应用中所带来的负面影响。1抗菌素的主要副… 相似文献
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益生菌在水产饲料中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着水产养殖业的迅速发展,养殖规模越来越大,工厂化程度不断提高,养殖水域污染日趋严重,导致病害的频繁发生,给水产养殖业造成严重的经济损失。与此同时,大量抗生素及其它药物的使用,污染了水体,降低了水产品品质。随着人们对环保意识的加强,减少在水产养殖业中使用抗生素的呼声越来越高。益生菌由定向筛选的有益菌株配合而成,能够改善水产动物体内的微生态平衡,刺激机体的免疫系统,拮抗致病微生物,降解有机废物,从而减少疾病发生,促进水产动物生长发育,改善养殖生态环境。一、益生菌的种类益生菌作为水产饲料添加剂,具有以下3个基本特征:… 相似文献
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长期使用抗生素和其他化学药物防治养殖病害已引发了一系列环境和社会问题[1,2 ] 。近年来 ,人们开始尝试在养殖水体中施用益生菌 (Ｐｒｏｂｉｏｔｉｃｓ)来改善养殖生态环境 ,提高养殖动物的免疫力 ,抑制病原微生物 ,从而减少疾病的发生。在欧美、日本以及印度尼西亚、泰国等国家的水产养殖业中 ,益生菌制剂得到日益广泛的应用 ,并已创造了巨大的经济效益 ,有望成为未来水产养殖动物病害防治的一个新方向。本文对近几年来国内外益生菌制剂在水产养殖中的应用状况予以系统介绍并对今后的发展趋势进行阐述。1 益生菌浅析1974年Ｐａｒｋｅｒ… 相似文献
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近年来我国水产养殖业迅速发展,同时水体污染、富营养化日益严重,这严重制约了水产养殖业的发展。如何简便有效地处理养殖废水成为水产养殖业健康持续发展的关键。人工湿地作为一种经济、高效的废水生态处理技术,日益受到人们广泛的关注。本文主要介绍了人工湿地的构建、分类、废水处理机理及其在养殖废水处理中的应用。 相似文献
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Bidhan C. De D. K. Meena B. K. Behera Pronob Das P. K. Das Mohapatra A. P. Sharma 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(3):921-971
Aquaculture is emerging as one of the most viable and promising enterprises for keeping pace with the surging need for animal protein, providing nutritional and food security to humans, particularly those residing in regions where livestock is relatively scarce. With every step toward intensification of aquaculture practices, there is an increase in the stress level in the animal as well as the environment. Hence, disease outbreak is being increasingly recognized as one of the most important constraints to aquaculture production in many countries, including India. Conventionally, the disease control in aquaculture has relied on the use of chemical compounds and antibiotics. The development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is one of the key factors for health management in aquaculture. Consequently, with the emerging need for environmentally friendly aquaculture, the use of alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in fish nutrition is now widely accepted. In recent years, probiotics have taken center stage and are being used as an unconventional approach that has numerous beneficial effects in fish and shellfish culture: improved activity of gastrointestinal microbiota and enhanced immune status, disease resistance, survival, feed utilization and growth performance. As natural products, probiotics have much potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. Therefore, comprehensive research to fully characterize the intestinal microbiota of prominent fish species, mechanisms of action of probiotics and their effects on the intestinal ecosystem, immunity, fish health and performance is reasonable. This review highlights the classifications and applications of probiotics in aquaculture. The review also summarizes the advancement and research highlights of the probiotic status and mode of action, which are of great significance from an ecofriendly, sustainable, intensive aquaculture point of view. 相似文献
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采用基于Illumina测序平台的高通量测序技术,对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼肠道及其养殖水体、生物饵料中细菌种类及丰度进行研究。测序结果显示,养殖水体、生物饵料和大菱鲆幼鱼肠道等19个样品共获得有效序列547621条,可聚类于3771个可分类操作单元(OTUs),归属于养殖水体、生物饵料、健康幼鱼和发病幼鱼的操作分类单元(OTU)个数分别为3038、1090、87和777,其中,健康幼鱼与生物饵料、健康幼鱼与养殖水体特有的OTU个数分别为57和0,发病幼鱼与生物饵料、发病幼鱼与养殖水体特有的OTU个数分别为481和31。表明幼鱼肠道微生物多样性与生物饵料密切相关。根据细菌注释结果,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在大菱鲆幼鱼肠道中占优势地位,其中,健康幼鱼肠道微生物共聚类为8个门,发病幼鱼的肠道微生物可聚类为19个门。与健康幼鱼相比,发病幼鱼肠道门水平上的3种主要优势菌群落结构出现失衡。此外,对各样品中丰度最高的100位OTU分析显示,幼鱼肠道优势菌种类与生物饵料中的优势菌种类密切相关,而每个发病幼鱼肠道优势菌种类具有一定的独立性。本研究旨在为大菱鲆健康养殖和微生态调控提供实验依据。 相似文献
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M.A. SÁENZ de RODRIGÁÑEZ P. DÍAZ-ROSALES M. CHABRILLÓN H. SMIDT S. ARIJO J.M. LEÓN-RUBIO F.J. ALARCÓN M.C. BALEBONA M.A. MORIÑIGO J.B. CARA & F.J. MOYANO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(2):177-185
The effects of the dietary administration of two bacterial probiotic strains (Ppd11 and Pdp13) from the Alteromonadaceae family for 60 days, were assessed by measuring growth and feed efficiency, activities of leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase and structural changes in the intestine of juvenile Senegalese sole. In addition, the profile of intestinal microbiota was studied by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. Growth and nutrient utilization were significantly higher in fish receiving probiotics than in those fed the control diet. No differences were observed in proximal composition between treatments, though higher lipid muscle content was measured in fish receiving Pdp13. Those fish also exhibited higher activities of AP when compared to Ppd11 and control groups. The profile of intestinal microbiota clearly separated those fish receiving probiotics from those of the control group. Microscopical examination revealed accumulation of lipid droplets in the enterocytes of fish receiving the control diet, but not in those fed on probiotics. Interactions between those structural changes and growth performance are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):283-316
ABSTRACT India is a very populous country with more than one billion people. In order to provide food for this growing population, serious environmental problems may result. Despite many benefits from the green, blue, and silver revolutions adopted in India, there has been much concern resulting from intensive agricultural practices that led to environmental problems in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Increasing demand for aquatic resources also caused inland fisheries to decrease over the past few decades. The location of aquaculture projects, landscape destruction, soil and water pollution by pond effluents, over-exploitation of important fish stocks, depletion in biodiversity, conflicts over agriculture and aquaculture among various stakeholder groups over resource and space allocation, and international fish trade controversies have threatened the long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture industries. The subject of sustainable aquaculture has not been adequately projected in terms of current aquaculture practices aimed to boost a rural economy. This review briefly describes the key issues of aquaculture unsustainability in terms of intensive aquaculture, nutrient enrichment syndrome, soil and groundwater salinization, destruction of mangroves, loss of biodiversity, marine pollution and loss of fish stock, use of aquachemicals and therapeutics, hormone residues, etc. The strategies for sustainability have been highlighted with respect to rice-cum-fish culture, carp polyculture, integrated farming with livestock, rural aquaculture, intensification of small farms, wastewater-fed aquaculture, crop rotation, probiotics, feed quality, socioeconomic considerations, environmental regulations and fisheries acts, transboundary aquatic ecosystems, impact of alien species, ethical aspects of intensive aquaculture, responsible fisheries, and environmental impact assessment. A suggested model outlines the feedback mechanisms for achieving long-term sustainability through improved farm management practices, integrated farming, use of selective aquachemicals and probiotics, conservation of natural resources, regulatory mechanism, and policy instruments. 相似文献
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在人工繁殖鱼类幼苗时，常出现大量骨骼畸形的个体。这些鱼不仅生长速度慢，而且免疫力低，死亡率高，严重影响了水产养殖业的经济效益。综述了饲料维生素营养（A、D、E、K和C）对鱼类骨骼发育和病理学影响的研究进展，从而为幼鱼配合饲料生产性开发和水产养殖业的健康发展提供参考。 相似文献
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Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fish and the Potential Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Finfish Aquaculture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary Burr Delbert Gatlin III Steven Ricke 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(4):425-436
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The need for enhanced disease resistance, feed efficiency, and growth performance of cultured organisms is substantial for various sectors of this industry. If growth performance and feed efficiency are increased in commercial aquaculture, then the costs of production are likely to be reduced. Also if more fish are able to resist disease and survive until they are of marketable size, the subsequent cost of medication and overall production costs would be reduced drastically. It has been documented in a number of food animals that gastrointestinal microbiota play important roles in affecting the nutrition and health of the host organism. Thus, various means of altering the intestinal microbiota to achieve favorable effects such as enhancing growth, digestion, immunity, and disease resistance of the host organism have been investigated in various terrestrial livestock as well as in humans. Dietary supplementation of prebiotcs, which are classified as non‐digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by stimulating growth and/or activity of a limited number of health‐promoting bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter spp. in the intestine, while limiting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli, have been reported to favorably affect various terrestrial species; however, such information is extremely limited to date for aquatic organisms. Effects of probiotics, defined as live microbial feed supplements, on gastrointestinal microbiota have been studied in some fishes, but the primary application of microbial manipulations in aquaculture has been to alter the composition of the aquatic medium. In general, the gastrointestinal microbiota of fishes including those produced in aquaculture has been poorly characterized, especially the anaerobic microbiota. Therefore, more detailed studies of the microbial community of cultured fish are needed to potentially enhance the effectiveness of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation. This review summarizes and evaluates current knowledge of intestinal microbial ecology of fishes, the various functions of this intestinal microbial community, and the potential for further application of prebiotics and probiotics in aquaculture. 相似文献
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摄食不同饵料的大口黑鲈肠道菌群分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了探究投喂冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肠道菌群的影响,本研究采用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(PCR-DGGE)对摄食不同饵料的2组鲈鱼肠道内容物的细菌群落结构进行了比较分析.结果显示,冰鲜组与饲料组的大口黑鲈肠道菌群组成相似性较低(相似性24％),且冰鲜组肠道菌群多样性高于饲料组.对2组大口黑鲈中共有条带和特异性条带进一步测序分析显示,2组大口黑鲈肠道共有菌有红螺菌、梭菌、保科爱德华菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和蓝细菌.冰鲜组大口黑鲈肠道中的特异性菌归属为拟杆菌、肉食杆菌、魏斯氏菌和邻单胞菌;饲料组大口黑鲈肠道中的特异性菌归属为黄杆菌、鲸杆菌、柠檬明串珠菌、缺陷短波单胞菌.研究表明,与投喂冰鲜杂鱼的大口黑鲈相比,人工配合饲料降低了大口黑鲈肠道菌群多样性,也抑制了拟杆菌等有益菌在大口黑鲈肠道内的分布.推测饲料组大口黑鲈生长较慢可能与其肠道菌群中拟杆菌与厚壁菌的比值下降有关.研究结果提示,在今后大口黑鲈养殖或者人工配合饲料研制过程中,添加拟杆菌等益生菌也许可促进大口黑鲈的生长和营养吸收. 相似文献