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1.
甜柿砧穗组合嫁接亲和力研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
用数种砧木对引自日本的16个甜柿品种进行嫁接亲和力比较试验,并辅以同位素示踪和嫁接苗生长情况的观察,结果表明,用君迁子和浙江省的几种野柿作完全甜柿砧木,多有不亲和现象出现,而作不完全甜柿的砧木,则多数表现亲和性良好。从浙江省的野柿中选出77号和56号两种类型,可作‘前川次郎’和‘一木系次郎’等完全甜柿的砧木,嫁接亲和力良好。 相似文献
2.
秋子梨野生种和部分栽培品种交配亲和性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以秋子梨(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.)为试材,进行了花粉育性和交配亲和性研究。结果表明,参试的32份资源中有53%为雄性不育类型,可育品种间的花粉生活力存在明显差异,人工催花的花粉生活力低于自然开花,但对授粉结实无显著影响。南果梨、苹香梨、寒香梨等大部分栽培品种及山梨5个株系(野生秋子梨)都表现为自交不亲和。红花盖梨花期自交能够结实,但所结果实的种子不正常,为假亲和。龙香梨有一定自交结实力,花期人工自交花序坐果率达23.3%。部分具有自交不亲和性的梨品种蕾期自交授粉可提高结实率,但盛花后期授粉无显著影响。梨子代品种与亲代间互交,大部分组合表现亲和。南果梨×寒红梨组合交配亲和,但反交不亲和。梨同一类型不同品种间杂交结实正常,但亲本与其芽变品种间交配不亲和。 相似文献
3.
Prunus avium L. is one of the most important temperate zone fruits in the world. Most of the cherry cultivars always have difficulties of fertilization and fruit set due to self-incompatibility, so they need suitable and compatible pollinizers for commercial fruit production. In this experiment, pollination compatibility of cherry cultivars of ‘Napoleon’, ‘Burlat’, ‘Zhan’, and ‘Lambert’ was studied as both pollen recipients and donors. To determine the compatibility or incompatibility of pollinizers, percent of fruit set was calculated. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. The final average fruit set in studied cultivars was different under self or cross-pollination. The results showed that ‘Napoleon’, ‘Zhan’ and ‘Lambert’ cultivars are the suitable pollinizers for ‘Burlat’. Also, ‘Burlat’ is a cultivar which produced many fruits under self-pollination. Therefore, ‘Burlat’ can be used as monoculture for orchard establishment. Results showed that cultivar ‘Napoleon’ was cross-incompatible with ‘Lambert’. ‘Zhan’, ‘Napoleon’ and ‘Lambert’ cultivars are founded self-incompatible and require cross-pollinations to obtain fruits.
相似文献4.
杏品种授粉生物学研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
以红丰、新世纪等11个杏品种及特新一号等4个新品系为试材,对自交与杂交亲和性、花粉管形态及花粉、花柱氨基酸组分进行了研究,旨在为杏生产和进一步研究提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)按照白花授粉坐果率≥6％为自交亲和这个标准,红丰、新世纪等10个品种为自交不亲和品种(SI),而特新一号等4个新品系是自交亲和的(SC);(2)选自同一杂交组合不同姊妹系的红丰与新世纪杏品种相互授粉坐果率仅为0~0.73％,属于杂交不亲和;(3)不同品种间相互授粉的坐果率差异很大,据此筛选出特早红、红玉杏及凯特等品种是红丰杏适宜的授粉品种;而新世纪用骆驼黄及金太阳等品种授粉的坐果率最高;(4)自交不亲和组合在授粉后72 h花粉管到达花柱3／4处,末端膨大,停止生长,而自交亲和组合的花粉管可以继续生长,并在授粉后96 h进入子房;(5)自交不亲和品种(系)与自交亲和品种(系)花粉的17种氨基酸含量并无显著差异,而花柱氨基酸的组分与花粉氨基酸组分有所不同,其中自交不亲和品种(系)酪氨酸、苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸和精氨酸含量明显高于自交亲和品种(系),差异显著或极显著。 相似文献
5.
P. Lachenaud 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1123-1129
Incomplete pod filling is frequently encountered in cocoa cultivation, but there is disagreement as to the causes. Pollen factors (amount and quality of pollen) were studied on several clones in the Ivory Coast. Hand pollination with compatible pollen showed that the pod filling of clone UPA 413 can be improved, but not that of clone SCA 6. The pollen genotype, and not just its compatibility, seems to affect the average number of beans per pod, but not the standard deviations. Experiments on the number of pollen grains deposited (pollination) looked at hand pollination (where there is always excess pollen), the life span of flowers depending on pollination conditions and the amount of pollen in fallen flowers. They showed that hand pollination with compatible pollen does not always guarantee complete pod filling, that many flowers pollinated with clusters of pollen can fall and that large amounts of pollen are required to obtain pods. 相似文献
6.
D. Milatović D. Nikolić V. Rakonjac M. Fotirić-AkšIć 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):394-398
SummaryEight apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and selections were self- and cross-pollinated in order to determine their pollen and stylar compatibility. Overall, 40 pollination combinations were examined. Pollen-tube growth in pistils pollinated in the laboratory was analysed using fluorescence microscopy. Three inter-incompatiblity groups of cultivars were found, of which two had not been described previously, while an existing group was expanded with one additional cultivar. The first group consisted of three Hungarian cultivars (‘Ligeti Orias’, ‘Cegledi Orias’, and ‘Szegedi Mammut’) and a Moldavian cultivar (‘Kostjuzhenskyi’). The second group consisted of two American cultivars (‘Stark Early Orange’ and ‘Nugget’). The third group consisted of two Serbian selections (‘Novi Sad Early’ and ‘Frushka Gora Early’). In the incompatible cultivar combinations, pollen-tube growth stopped in the style with the formation of the characteristic swelling. In the compatible combinations, the pollen tubes reached the ovary in the majority of the pistils examined. 相似文献
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Rudolf M. Samisch 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):164-179
SummaryPluots are putative hybrids between plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.) and apricots (P. armeniaca L.). The capability to distinguish among plum and pluot cultivars is important in breeding and cultivation. We investigated the genetic diversity among 14 plums, 6 pluots and one plumcot representing commercial cultivars in California, with 28 microsatellite markers. We also tested seven apricot cultivars as a reference to ®nd evidence of apricot in the ancestry of pluots and plumcot. The parental material used in the original cross that produced the pluot and plumcot was not available. Of the 28 SSR markers, 25 were from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and three from peach (Prunus persica L.). Approximately 80% of the cherry primers generated ampli®cation products in plum and pluots, showing transportability between these Prunus species. One to eight putative alleles per locus were displayed by the tested SSRs in plums and pluots. In plum and pluot samples a total of 100 alleles were identi®ed with an average of 4.3 alleles per primer combination. The SSR markers were successfully used for the discrimination of all tested cultivars. In pluots, 76 alleles were found in which 63 (83%) were speci®cally coming from plum, 9 (12%) were common in plum, pluots and apricot while no allele in the pluots was observed that was contributed from apricot. In plumcot, 49 alleles were observed in which 25 (51%) were from plum, 18 (36%) were speci®cally from apricot and 6 (12%) were common in plum, plumcot and apricot. Relationships among the 28 plum, pluot and apricot cultivars were represented by a dendrogram, constructed on the basis of 168 SSR markers. The dendrogram showed the plums and pluots form a cluster distinct from the apricots, with pluot cultivars interspersed among plum cultivars and more closely related to plum than to apricot. Plumcot made a separate branch and was placed between the plum and apricot cluster. These results suggest that the SSR markers are valuable tools for identi®cation of cultivars and diversity analyses in plum. 相似文献
8.
甘菊与栽培菊‘金陵黄玉’种间杂交失败的原因 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
二倍体野菊与栽培菊种间杂交常不能结实, 从而严重影响了野菊优异基因的利用, 为了揭示其原因, 以栽培菊(Dendranthema grandiflorum) ‘金陵黄玉’为母本, 二倍体野生菊甘菊(D. lavandulifolium ) 为父本, 开展了种间杂交, 测定了父本花粉活力, 研究了授粉后花粉在柱头萌发行为及胚胎发育情况等。结果发现, 父本甘菊的花粉活力在授粉时为11.2% , 人工授粉4 h内未观察到柱头上有花粉萌发;授粉后8 h时平均每个柱头上只有7.5粒花粉萌发; 到授粉后12 h时数量达到最多, 为16.1粒; 随后数量急剧下降, 到24和48 h时柱头萌发花粉数量分别只有3.2粒和2.4粒, 且大部分花粉管生长异常并停留在柱头表面。此外, 在授粉8 d后观察到12.0%子房中含有正常的球形胚, 但之后就未观察到正常胚胎, 最终未获得杂交种子, 而母本自然开放结实率高达42.3%。以上结果表明, 受精前、后的生殖障碍, 即母本柱头上花粉萌发数量少且萌发异常和受精后胚胎大量败育, 是引起种间杂交不结实的主要原因。 相似文献
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不同季节红叶桃、紫叶李的光合特性研究 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
以绿叶桃和绿叶李品种为对照, 研究了田间条件下不同季节红叶桃、紫叶李的光合特性。结果表明: (1) 红叶桃、紫叶李的净光合速率( Pn) 在春、夏季低于绿叶品种, 而秋季较为接近, 彩叶品种与绿叶品种间的差异随季节进程不断减小; ( 2) 红叶桃、紫叶李的表观量子效率(AQY) 和羧化效率(CE) 在春、夏季均显著低于对应的绿叶品种, 秋季时红叶桃和紫叶李的表观量子效率高于绿叶品种, 羧化效率与绿叶品种接近; (3) 红叶桃、紫叶李的光补偿点(LCP) 在春季和夏季显著高于绿叶品种, 秋季时则显著低于绿叶品种, 光饱和点(LSP) 始终高于或接近于绿叶品种; (4) 红叶桃、紫叶李的光合色素含量与绿叶品种差异较小, 但其花色素苷含量始终比绿叶品种高许多; (5) 红叶桃、紫叶李光呼吸(Rp)均低于绿叶桃和绿叶李。 相似文献
10.
The experiments were carried out between 2003 and 2005 in the Province of Amasya. The first objective of the study was to determine the best pollinizer for the cultivar ‘0900 Ziraat’ which is the most popular sweet cherry cultivar (Prunus avium L.) in Turkey. The ‘0900 Ziraat’ was used as a female parent and ‘Türko?lu’, ‘Köro?lu’, ‘Kargayüre?i’, ‘Hac? Ali’, ‘Starks Gold’ and ‘Geçkiraz’ were used as pollinizer cultivars. In 2003, for the hand cross pollination combinations, fruit set was between 31.25% and 42.80%. In 2004, fruit set was reduced by spring frost and was between 9.69% and 15.24%. Additionally, the blooming periods of the experimental cultivars, fruit set of open pollination and hand self pollination were examined. The fruit set ratios of all tested cultivars under open pollination conditions varied between 26.73% and 53.49% in 2003 and 4.38% and 38.35% in 2004. ‘Geçkiraz’ had the highest fruit set owing to its late flowering date. For open pollination, fruit set values of ‘0900 Ziraat’ were lower than hand cross pollination with other cultivars in 2003 when the results of both treatments are compared. On the contrary, fruit set was higher than hand cross pollination in 2004. In the present study, pollen germination values varied greatly among year, cultivar and sucrose concentration. Viability percentages were generally high, not less than 66%. According to phenological observations, partial or complete overlapping of the flowering period of ‘0900 Ziraat’ and its possible pollinizer cultivars were observed in 2003 and 2005. But in 2004, the flowering period overlapped for only ‘0900 Ziraat’ and ‘Geçkiraz’ cultivars. When blooming times are taken into consideration, ‘Geçkiraz’ was found to be the best pollinizer cultivar. 相似文献
11.
李种质资源ISSR鉴定及亲缘关系分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
为了更好的利用目前收集得到的李资源,对重庆地方李品系和国内外引进的李品种共40份资源进行了ISSR分析。从100条引物中筛选出13条多态性引物,共扩增得到134条带,多态性条带109条,多态性百分率为81.3%,其中9条特征性谱带可用于品种鉴定和系谱分析的参考性标记。此外,13条引物可将40份材料完全区分开来,图谱分析表明不存在同物异名现象。UPGMA聚类分析将供试品种分成2组,进一步可细分为4个亚组;主坐标分析将其分成6类,其中奉节李、脆红李和万盛鸡血李分别单独成类。2种分析方法所得的结果均与按原产地划分的结果不完全相符,奉节李、脆红李和万盛鸡血李与其余品种(品系)的亲缘关系较远。来自江苏的早黄李与日本和美国李品种间的亲缘关系相对较近,初步推测国外中国李可能来源于我国华东地区。 相似文献
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Analysis of S-alleles by PCR for determination of compatibility in the ‘Red Delicious’ apple orchard
Doron Schneider Raphaels Stern Dan Eisikowitch 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):596-600
SummaryIn a previous study, the apple ‘Jonathan’ was shown to be semi-compatible with the ‘Topred’ sport of ‘Red Delicious’, the main cultivar in Israel. This incompatibility led to reduced pollination potency, explaining the low yield obtained from ‘Topred’ rows adjacent to ‘Jonathan’. Hence, the importance of identifying the level of compatibility for all ‘Topred’ pollinators became apparent. By analysing S-allele by PCR with primers for the various S-alleles of the cultivars in the ‘Topred’ orchard, including S10 and S28, which were cloned in this study, it was evident that apart from ‘Jonathan’, the common pollinators for ‘Topred’ are fully compatible with it. The ability to identify all S-alleles in the ‘Topred’ orchard was also utilized to resolve the observation that, although ‘Topred’ is considered self-incompatible, self-pollinated, net-caged, ‘Topred’ flowers set some fruit. Applying PCR-analysis of S-alleles to the progeny of the suspected self-pollinated ‘Topred’ fruit revealed that the fruit-set was the outcome of cross-pollination, perhaps the consequence of fertilization by wind carried pollen. Hence, the notion that ‘Topred’ is totally self-incompatible was confirmed and the efficiency of progeny PCR S-allele analysis for the determination of the pollen donor was exhibited. 相似文献
13.
M.O. Akoroda 《Scientia Horticulturae》1985,25(3):201-209
Pollination and fertilization success in white yam, Dioscorea rotundata Poir., depend on knowledge and good management of factors influencing the availability of open male flowers from which good pollen can be collected for effective use in pollinations of genetically compatible female plants under non-xeric conditions. In vitro germination of pollen from numerous genotypes demonstrated varied viability (0.3–85.0%). However, pollen from bisexual flowers on monoecious plants was inferior to pollen from unisexual flowers from dioecious plants. Natural pollination by thrips is inefficient, such that populations with higher ratios of male to female plants set more fruits. To improve fruit set, hand pollinations should be made with pollen from diverse genotypes, early in the flowering period when net water balance is positive. In crossing-blocks, male plants should be closely interpositioned with female plants to reduce pollination distance, thereby improving pollination and fruit set. 相似文献
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李属种质资源的抗寒性鉴定 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
为了给品种区化和资源的育种利用提供理论依据,于１９９５－１９９６年在辽宁熊岳作者用外渗电导法、揭变观察法和恢复生长法测定了属于中国李、欧洲李、杏李、加拿大李、美洲李、包苏里李、樱桃李和李、杏杂种的３６个代表品种和类型的抗寒性。结果表明;（１）李的抗寒性表现出丰富的多样发表一多数李品种对低温的适应能力较强;（２）起 的生态２条件与品种的抗寒性密切相关;（３）李几个主要种的抗寒性顺序为：乌苏里李〉美洲 相似文献
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Self-sterility in cherry (Prunus avium L.) is one of the most important problems in commercial cherry orchards in Iran and many other countries. The main objective of this research was to determine self-fertility rate and blooming phenology of 25 commercial cherry (P. avium L.) cultivars in Iran. This study was conducted during 2006–2007.Results revealed that the stage of bud swell in all cultivars began late second decade of March, which lasts 8–11 days. In all cultivars the duration end bloom to petal fall stage took 5 days. Cherry cultivars were classified into three groups considering their overlapping pollination. The cultivars each group had a great overlapped pollination toward each other. The results also showed that there was a significant difference among cultivars in respect of the fruit set (P < 1%). The fruit set of open pollination treatment among the cultivars varied in range of 7.36–41.58%. However fruit set was not observed in isolated pollination (artificial and natural self-pollination). In open pollination, the cultivars were also classified into four groups, i.e. weak fertility (Moreau and Ferracida), mean fertility (Siah Mashhad, Napelon, Proteva, Haj usefy, Lambert, Roshun, Sefid Ghermeze Baghno, Arak, Belamarka, Siah Shabestar, Ghermeze Rezaeyeh, Abardeh, Soraty Lavisan and Victoria), good fertility (Peshrase Mashhad, Dovoumras Mashhad, Bing, Shesheiy Mashhad, Siah Ghazvin and Sefid Rezaeyeh), very good fertility (Zarde Daneshkadeh, Dirrase Italia and No. 1 karaj). All cultivars were found to need cross-pollination and included in self-sterile group. 相似文献
19.
中国李RAPD的优化反应体系及其在品种鉴定中的应用 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
以5'-GACCGCTTGT-3'为随机引物,以奉化李(Prunussalicinacv.Fenghuali)为试材,对中国李RAPD反应体系进行了优化研究,结果表明:25μL反应体系中,TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2+、引物、模板DNA和dNTPs5种主要成分的适宜浓度或用量分别是:1.0U、2.5mmol/L、20ng、40ng和0.2mmol/L。利用该优化反应体系,用10个随机引物,构建了5个中国李品种的RAPD指纹图谱;并以共有谱带率对这些品种遗传关系进行了分析,5个中国李品种的共有谱带率平均为33.2%,变异幅度为20.1%～44.9%。 相似文献
20.
李果实发育过程中糖、酸、维生素C含量的变化 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
分析测定了大石早生、龙园秋李、黑宝石、安哥诺4个李品种的果实生长动态,及其主要糖、酸、维生素C含量的变化规律。结果表明,李果实发育过程中主要糖的变化规律基本一致,即其发育早期,几乎没有蔗糖的积累,果糖含量也较低,而葡萄糖含量相对较高;随着果实的发育,果糖含量持续增加,葡萄糖含量增长缓慢,发育后期蔗糖显著积累。但不同品种含糖量差异较大,龙园秋李总糖含量最高,安哥诺次之,黑宝石和大石早生较低。不同李品种的各类糖含量不同大石早生、龙园秋李蔗糖含量最高,果糖次之,而葡萄糖含量极低;黑宝石以葡萄糖和蔗糖为主,果糖含量相对较低;安哥诺则以果糖和葡萄糖为主。果酸和维生素C含量则随果实发育呈逐渐下降的趋势。 相似文献