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提高不育系异交结实率是杂交水稻制种高产的关键。根据高产典型分析,制种亩产150~200公斤,异交结实率要达40%~50%。因此,要提高制种产量,必须从提高不育系异交结实率入手。由于母本结实率高低受到花期花时是否相遇、种性包颈程度、柱头外露率、父本花粉量、花粉柱头生活力、开花授粉时的气候条件和生态环境等因素的影响,要提高不 相似文献
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摘 要:旨在为两系不育系高产制种提供理论依据。用‘广占63-4s’作对照,在相同时段内测定不育系的开花习性(开花历期、单穗逐日开花动态、花时分布动态、柱头特性、包颈率和张颖特性等.)‘F168s’单穗和单株开花历期均最长;‘信丰9826s’和‘信矮10-4s’比对照花期集中,盛花期累计开花率高,开花峰值高;除‘F168s’外,其余不育系集中开花时段开花率均高于对照;除‘信丰9826s’之外,其余不育系午前开花率均低于对照;‘F168s’柱头总外露率、柱头双外露率最高;‘信矮10-4s’柱头单外露率最高;‘F168s’柱头表面积和柱头体积最大,柱头活力系数最大,柱头活力最强;除‘信丰9826s’之外,其余不育系均有包颈现象;不育系张颖时间均超过对照,‘信矮10-4s’最长;除‘信丰9826s’之外,其余不育系的颖间距和张颖角度均超过对照,‘F168s’最大。不育系制种时采取扬长避短的制种技术和人工辅助措施,可提高杂交制种产量。 相似文献
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谷子不育系异交结实率低严重制约着杂交种大面积应用于生产。本研究证明柱头外露程度与异交结实率呈显著正相关(r0.001=0.9597**)。山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所成功选育出谷子光敏雄性不育突变系“81-16”,其不育度为100%,异交结实率达61%。用植物形态解剖学方法证明,“81-16”雌蕊生活力强,柱头完全外露,接受花粉的有效面积大,是其异交结实率高的主要原因。本文还提出应重视母本柱头性状选育,并加强谷子杂交种制种技术研究。 相似文献
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谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)高异交结实雄性不育系“81-16”的柱头性状观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谷子不育系异交结实率低严重制约着杂交种大面积应用于生产。本研究证明柱头外露程度与异交结实率呈显著正相关(r0.001=0.9597**)。山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所成功选育出谷子光敏雄性不育突变系“81-16”,其不育度为100%,异交结实率达61%。用植物形态解剖学方法证明,“81-16”雌蕊生活力强,柱头完全外露,接受花粉的有效面积大,是其异交结实率高的主要原因。本文还提出应重视母本柱头性状选育,并加强谷子杂交种制种技术研究。 相似文献
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通过分期播种试验,对3个野败型新型水稻不育系华川4A、华J2A、华S40A的生育期、叶龄、柱头外露率、开花习性、农艺性状等进行了观察.结果表明:3个不育系在不育期内的育性稳定,可育期内不育系具有较高的结实率;3个不育系的生育期在60~70d之间,主茎叶片数为13~14片,张颖角度一般在30~40°之间,柱头外露率在39.1%~46.8%之间,花时较为集中,且农艺性状均比较稳定. 相似文献
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多效唑和赤霉素对小麦不育系柱头生活力的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在杂交小麦制种区,进行以不同浓度多效唑拌种为主区,叶面喷施赤霉素为副区的裂区设计试验,研究2种激素对不育系柱头生活力的效应。结果表明:与对照相比,不育系多效唑拌种,柱头平均增长1.76%~7.92%,柱头外露率提高0.39%~5.03%,颖壳张开角度增大5.41%~16.07%,从而显著提高异交结实率,在此基础上喷施赤霉素进一步提高柱头生活力的效果不显著;多效唑拌种,使不育系的柱头生活力高峰期提前3~4 d,但不能延长柱头授粉的持续时间。多效唑拌种各处理以120 g/hm2最佳,异交结实率可达到55.87%。 相似文献
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介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。 相似文献
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DENG Zhao-jing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(1):153-156
A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed. 相似文献
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香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为:(1)布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。(2)四个分区(即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区)的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区(3)从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel. 相似文献
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南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。 相似文献
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母猪繁殖障碍成因分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
繁殖障碍是导致母猪淘汰的最主要因素,直接造成母猪非生产天数延长,繁殖猪群生产效率降低,严重影响猪场的经济效益。本文作者对引起母猪繁殖障碍的多方面因素,包括营养因素(如饲养水平、饲料品质、断奶日龄)、环境因素(如温度、湿度、通风、光照)、疫病因素、生产技术及管理因素进行了详细阐述。 相似文献
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Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
M. Auxiliadora Soriano Francisco Orgaz Francisco J. Villalobos Elías Fereres 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,21(4):465-476
Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha−1, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha−1, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha−1 for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment. 相似文献