共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
M. Zeid J.K. Yu I. Goldowitz M.E. Denton Denise E. Costich C.T. Jayasuriya M. Saha R. Elshire D. Benscher F. Breseghello J. Munkvold R.K. Varshney G. Belay M.E. Sorrells 《Field Crops Research》2010
The availability of a large number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has facilitated the development of molecular markers in members of the grass family. As these markers are derived from coding sequences, cross-species amplification and transferability is higher than for markers designed from genomic DNA sequences. In this study, 919 EST-based primers developed from seven grass species were assessed for their amplification across a diverse panel of 16 grass species including cereal, turf and forage crops. Out of the 919 primers tested, 89 successfully amplified DNA from one or more species and 340 primers generated PCR amplicons from at least half of the species in the panel. Only 5.2% of the primers tested produced clear amplicons in all 16 species. The majority of the primers (66.9%) were developed from tall fescue and rice and these two species showed amplification rate of 41.6% and 19.0% across the panel, respectively. The highest amplification rate was found for conserved-intron scanning primers (CISP) developed from pearl millet (91%) and sorghum (75%) EST sequences that aligned to rice sequences. The primers with successful amplification identified in this study showed promise in other grass species as demonstrated in differentiating a set of 13 clones of reed canary grass, a species for which very little genomic research has been done. Sequences from the amplified PCR fragments indicated the potential for the transferable CISP markers for comparative mapping purposes. These primer sets can be immediately used for within and across species mapping and will be especially useful for minor grass species with few or no available molecular markers. 相似文献
2.
Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki Marta Damszel Tomasz Pawe&#x; Kurowski J&#x;drzej Mastalerz Karol Kotlarz 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(1):42-52
Non‐systemic endophytes coexist with grasses and produce positive or negative effects for the host. In agricultural grasses, endophytes such as Epichloë spp. (formerly: Neotyphodium spp.) enhance the biometric parameters and agricultural value of grass biomass and seeds. Some endophytic fungi produce active substances that exert a negative influence on grass‐fed livestock. There is a general scarcity of studies investigating other endophytic fungi, the species composition of fungal communities, fungal species capable of colonizing different grasses and endophyte transfer between grass taxa. This study aims to fill in the existing knowledge gap by describing the relationships between fungal species and grass species. Timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) is more readily colonized by endophytic fungi than perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and the ratio of fungi isolated from the above species was determined at 3:1. Ecological indicators, especially diversity, were also higher in the fungal community colonizing timothy grass. The vast majority of the isolated fungi were ascomycetes. In addition, two Basidiomycota isolates and three Oomycota isolates (Phythium acanthicum) were also obtained from timothy grass. The most prevalent fungal species were Alternaria alternata, Microdochium bolleyi and Epicoccum nigrum. An analysis of minisatellite DNA regions revealed high levels of genetic polymorphism in A. alternata, whereas the remaining isolates were characterized by low levels of genetic variation or genetic homogeneity. The transfer of endophytic fungi between grass species was determined, which was one of the most important observations made in the study. The Sørensen–Dice coefficient reached 50%, which indicates that all fungal species isolated from perennial ryegrass are capable of colonizing timothy grass. 相似文献
3.
Joseph J. Coombs Lynn M. Frank David S. Douches 《American Journal of Potato Research》2004,81(4):243-250
The ability to quickly and accurately identify potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones is important to potato-breeding programs, seed and commercial potato growers, and marketing and utilization of potato cultivars. Since 1990, the Michigan State University Potato Breeding and Genetics Program has used an isozyme-based fingerprinting system to identify potato cultivars. Isozyme analysis is an economical and effective means of discriminating potato clones; however, isozyme analysis requires fresh, healthy tuber or leaf tissue. DNA-based fingerprinting using simple sequence repeats (SSRs or microsatellites) has been shown to discriminate between potato clones. The objective of this study was to identify the most useful SSR primer pairs that accurately and efficiently distinguish clones for an applied fingerprinting system of cultivated potato. SSR primer pairs with high polymorphism were selected from previous tetraploid potato studies. DNA isolated from 17 potato clones representing round-white, russet, and red market classes were visualized on both polyacrylamide (PAGE) and agarose gel systems. Polymorphism was observed in all 18 primer combinations on PAGE and 14 using agarose gel electrophoresis. All 17 cultivars were discriminated on PAGE with various combinations of two primer pairs: STIIKA using STACCAS3, STIN-HWI, or STM0031; and STACCAS3 using STGBSS1, POTM1-2, STM1104, or STM0031. The combination of STM0019, STM0031, STGBSS1, and POTM1-2 was able to differentiate all 17 clones using agarose gel electrophoresis. PAGE was determined to be the preferred system for variety identification, but agarose gel electrophoresis can be used to differentiate lines when specific varietal comparisons are needed. In addition, five different DNA source tissue types were evaluated (fresh foliar, freeze-dried foliar, fresh tuber, freeze-dried tuber epidermis, and freeze-dried tuber tissue). Amplification products were similar for all five tissue sources used for DNA isolation. This ability to isolate DNA from freeze-dried tissue will allow cultivar identification when fresh tissue is not available. The SSR primer pairs presented here can be used as a practical fingerprinting system for cultivated potato identification. 相似文献
4.
应用SSR分子标记鉴定超级杂交水稻组合及其纯度 总被引：38，自引：4，他引：38
应用SSR分子标记技术对超级杂交稻5个组合（HYS 1/R105、培矮64S/E32、两优培九、88S/0293、J23A/Q611）及其9个亲本进行了鉴定。用144对SSR引物进行筛选，有47对能够在实验材料中显示较好的多态性，其中，RM337与RM154呈现丰富多态性，可鉴别供试组合并分别与其亲本区分开。对于水稻的每一条染色体，各筛选出两条产生多态性的引物，共24对，并提供一组作为鉴定参考的图谱；通过杂种表现为父母本互补带型的特点，找到在杂交稻组合及其亲本间具有多态性的引物，筛选出5对引物分别作为鉴定上述5个超级杂交稻组合的特异引物，进而针对杂交稻不同的纯度问题设计鉴定方法。 相似文献
5.
水稻ABC1基因家族的鉴定及在非生物胁迫下的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABC1（Activity of bc1 complex）家族属于蛋白质激酶家族,其成员普遍存在于原核和真核生物中。已有研究表明,几个植物ABC1基因参与非生物胁迫应答。为了解ABC1基因在水稻中的结构和功能,采用生物信息学方法分别在水稻和拟南芥上鉴定出15个和17个ABC1基因,并进行了系统发育和表达分析。结果表明,该家族在单、双子叶植物分离之前就已经发生了分化,其基本特征已经形成;单、双子叶植物分离之后,该家族在水稻和拟南芥中均以物种特异的方式进行了扩增。内含子/外显子结构分析显示多数直系同源基因之间外显子大小接近,而内含子差别较大,水稻含有更多大的内含子;内含子获得是近期伴随水稻ABC1家族进化的重要事件。多序列比对显示,ABC1结构域具有1个保守的氨基酸片段和4个保守的氨基酸残基。在线亚细胞定位预测9个水稻ABC1蛋白定位在叶绿体上。实时定量RT-PCR分析表明,水稻ABC1基因主要在叶片中表达,并且受多种非生物胁迫因素包括H2O2、脱落酸、低温、干旱、黑暗和高盐的调控。说明水稻ABC1家族不仅在逆境胁迫应答中发挥重要作用,可能还与水稻特定的生理过程有关。 相似文献
6.
11个芒果品种SSR指纹图谱的构建与品种鉴别 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以11个有一定代表性的芒果品种为试材,从16对SSR引物中筛选14对多态性引物构建11个品种的指纹图谱.结果共检测出61个片段,其中多态性片段56个,每对引物可以检测到2～10个数目不等的片段,平均为4.4个,片段大小介于100～540 bp之间.11个芒果品种的SSR指纹图谱互不相同,可以作为各品种的特定图谱,单一多态性引物能将11个芒果品种区分为2～5个类型.平均为3.3个类型.14对多态性引物中不同的4对核心引物指纹图谱可以将11个品种区分开. 相似文献
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水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-ta共显性分子标记的建立 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
根据抗病基因Pi-ta和感病等位基因pi-ta在DNA序列上的单核苷酸长度多态性（single nucleotide length polymorphisms，简称SNLP）设计了3个特异性引物YL155、YL183和YL200，并分别用蓝色和绿色染料将YL155和YL183进行标记，而YL200不标记。在一个PCR反应中同时加入这3对引物，并应用ABI自动分析仪对PCR产物进行分析，结果发现，抗病基因Pi-ta纯合的样品获得一个峰值为181 bp的图谱，感病等位基因pi-ta纯合的样品获得一个峰值为183 bp的图谱，而抗病基因Pi-ta处于杂合状态的样品出现两个峰。由此建立了水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-ta的共显性分子标记。以杂交组合Katy/RU9101001的12个F2单株和15个水稻品种为材料，利用已建立的显性分子标记和稻瘟病菌人工接种试验对共显性标记的正确性进行了验证，结果发现三者的实验结果完全吻合，因此该共显性标记可应用于水稻抗病基因Pi-ta的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
9.
XINYe-yun ZHANGZhan XIONGYi-ping YUANLong-pin 《水稻科学》2005,12(1):7-12
Five super hybrid rice combinations, i.e. HYS-1/R105, Pei‘ai 64S/E32, Liangyoupeijiu (Pei‘ai 64S/9311), 88S/0293, and J23A/Q611, and their parental lines were tested by means of SSR analysis. A total of 144 SSR primer pairs distributed on 12 rice chromosomes were used, out of which 47 detected polymorphism among the tested rice lines. Among all these primers, RM337 and RM154 produced polymorphic patterns in four or more of the tested experimental materials respectively, and they could distinguish among most rice genotypes tested. Twenty-four primer pairs, two on each rice chromosome, were selected to make a reference SSR marker-based fingerprinting for the rice lines. For most of the primer pairs, F1 hybrids mainly showed complementary pattern of both parents, which could be very useful to distinguish the F1 from its parental lines. In addition, 5 primer pairs were selected as special primer pairs for five hybrid rice combinations respectively. By combining the rapid, simple method on DNA extraction, it is suggested that SSR technique has wide prospective in variety authentication and purity identification. 相似文献
10.
三个高含油量甘蓝型油菜新品系SSR指纹图谱的构建 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在80对SSR引物中筛选到9对多态性好,条带清晰,重复性高的引物构建三个高含油量甘蓝型油菜新品系的指纹图谱。结果显示,9对SSR引物构建的指纹图谱可以区分开三个保护品系和其他138个对比品种;运用引物组合法构建3个保护品系的指纹图谱,大大提高了图谱的特异性;虽然同一品系不同单株间在DNA水平上存在微弱差异,但利用UPGMA法聚类分析表明,三个保护品系各自聚类在一组并与其他对比品种区分开。 相似文献
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花生AFLP指纹图谱 总被引：40，自引：4，他引：36
ＡＦＬＰ是一种以ＰＣＲ为基础的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱技术。利用ＡＦＬＰ技术对从国际半干旱所（Ｉ－ＣＲＩＳＡＴ）引进的９份花生抗旱品种绘制指纹图谱,通过引物Ｅ—ＡＣＡ和与之匹配的ＭＣＡＧ和Ｍ—ＣＡＴ,在３００～６０００ｂｐ的范围内共获得１５７７条ＡＦＬＰ扩增产物,每个品种有主带和次带至少７１条之多,其中１０条为多态性的带纹。 相似文献
13.
P. R. Wäli M. Helander† O. Nissinen‡ P. Lehtonen§ K. Saikkonen¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》2008,63(3):324-330
Neotyphodium endophytic fungi are beneficial for certain cultivated grass species by increasing the stress tolerance and herbivore resistance of their host plants. These grass endophytes have been widely studied in temperate regions. Endophyte-infected grasses are also cultivated in sub-artic conditions, but studies on the effects of endophyte infection on grasses under conditions of prolonged snow cover are scarce. A 2-year field experiment was conducted with two originally endophyte-infected meadow fescue ( Schedonorus pratensis ) cultivars. The growth and reproduction of endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E−) plants of two cultivars at two sites, differing in nutrient status and duration of snow cover, were compared at the latitude of the Arctic Circle in Finland. Endophyte infection enhanced plant performance most at the site with the higher nutrient status and the shorter duration of snow cover. The difference in growth between E+ and E− grasses increased during the second growing season and was most pronounced in the reproductive investment of grasses, but the benefits of endophyte infection for reproductive mass were cultivar-dependent. At the site with the lower nutrient status, costs of endophyte infection on the vegetative growth of grasses were found. The results suggest that Neotyphodium infection may benefit meadow fescue in sub-arctic conditions but the extent of the effects is dependent on the cultivar and the environment. 相似文献
14.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an industrially important plant used for production of curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil. In the present study we examined the genetic diversity among turmeric accessions from 10 different agro-climatic regions comprising 5 cultivars and 55 accessions. Two DNA-based molecular marker techniques, viz., random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) were used to assess the genetic diversity in turmeric genotypes. A total of 17 polymorphic primers (11 RAPDs and 6 ISSRs) were used in this study. RAPD analysis of 60 genotypes yielded 94 fragments of which 75 were polymorphic with an average of 6.83 polymorphic fragments per primer. Number of amplified fragments with RAPD primers ranged from 3 to 13 with the size of amplicons ranging from 230 to 3000 bp in size. The polymorphism ranged from 45 to 100 with an average of 91.4%. The 6 ISSR primers produced 66 bands across 60 genotypes of which 52 were polymorphic with an average of 8.6 polymorphic fragments per primer. The number of amplified bands varied from 1 to 14 with size of amplicons ranging from 200 to 2000 bp. The percentage of polymorphism using ISSR primers ranged from 83 to 100 with an average of 95.4%. Nei's dendrogram for 60 samples using both RAPD and ISSR markers demonstrated an extent of 62% correlation between the genetic similarity and geographical location. The result of Nei's genetic diversity (H) generated from the POP gene analysis shows relatively low genetic diversity in turmeric accessions of South eastern ghat (P7), Western undulating zone (P8) with 0.181 and 0.199 value whereas highest genetic diversity (0.257) has been observed in Western central table land (P9). Knowledge on the genetic diversity of turmeric from different agro-climatic regions can be used to future breeding programs for increased curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil production to meet the ever-increasing demand of turmeric for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. 相似文献
15.
传统的叶绿体基因分子标记在茶组植物分类系统研究中的应用价值相对有限,为了筛选可用于茶树鉴别与母系溯源的SNP（单核苷酸多态性）位点组合,将18个已报道的茶组植物叶绿体全基因组序列进行比对,通过设计通用引物,在169个茶树品种/品系中进行候选分子标记扩增与一代测序分析,筛选出16对引物,共含25个SNP位点可用于茶树品种母系溯源与鉴别分析。另外,将SNP位点组成的DNA指纹图谱结合茶树品种资源基本信息进行数字编码,最终形成由30位数字组成的茶树品种资源分子身份证,并构建相应的条形码和二维码用于品种识别。本研究数据为茶树品种的母本溯源与鉴别提供新的思路。 相似文献
16.
The root growth of 3 temperate–region grasses (perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, and cocksfoot) and of 3 tropical grasses (Dallis grass, Bahia grass, and Rhodes grass) was investigated in large glass–sided root–boxes. The trend of root numbers and the rate of elongation of roots were ascertained to discover how the Japanese climate affected the root growth of these species.
All the temperate–region grasses produced new roots vigorously during spring, but root growth ceased in August, whereas the roots of tropical grasses grew rapidly in this month. The alternate use of these two types of grasses during the growing season may therefore be worthwhile in Japan 相似文献
All the temperate–region grasses produced new roots vigorously during spring, but root growth ceased in August, whereas the roots of tropical grasses grew rapidly in this month. The alternate use of these two types of grasses during the growing season may therefore be worthwhile in Japan 相似文献
17.
龙生型花生中的微卫星变异研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究用24份龙生型花生资源作研究材料,采用31个微卫星标记引物检测其分子水平上的遗传变异,其中13个引物能在龙生型花生基因组中扩增出多态性DNA片段.研究结果表明,在龙生型花生基因组中,一对SSR引物可扩增出2条以上的DNA片段,扩增片段数最多的是Pm36,在24份龙生型花生资源中扩增出16个大小不同的DNA片段;由这些多态性标记检测出的遗传距离,平均为0.17,最高为0.33,最低为0.03,但能区分所有的24份资源.对分子标记在花生育种和资源鉴定上的利用前景进行了分析讨论. 相似文献
18.
miR164是植物中一种重要的非编码RNA,对植物的生长发育具有重要作用。为了解miR164靶基因与小麦衰老的关系,本研究通过在线软件对小麦中miR164家族成员进行了鉴定并对其进行生物信息学和表达分析。结果表明,从小麦中共鉴定出13个miR164家族成员,其不均匀分布在9条染色体上。系统进化分析表明,13个小麦miR164与同属于禾本科单子叶植物的水稻亲缘关系较近。13个Tae-miR164均能形成稳定的二级结构,成熟序列碱基具有高保守性,仅有3个Tae-miR164成员在第21位存在差异,成熟序列产生于前体中具有碱基高保守性的第1～21位。Tae-miR164的靶基因中,有18个为NAC转录因子,占所有靶基因总数的75%,表明Tae-miR164的主要靶基因为NAC转录因子。Tae-miR164家族成员在小麦叶片中的表达量明显高于其他组织;在小麦叶片衰老过程中,与其他Tae-miR164靶基因相比,有3个Tae-miR164靶基因表达差异显著,其ID分别为TraesCS4A02G225100、TraesCS5B02G054800和TraesCS5A02G04910,其中TraesC... 相似文献
19.
爱玉子性别与品系的SRAP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
爱玉子雌、雄异株,其性别以及品系在结果前难以通过枝叶等形态特征进行辨别.作者将序列相关扩增多态性(SRAP)标记应用于爱玉子性别及品系鉴别研究,建立了完整的PCR反应体系,扩增效果好,结果稳定可靠,可重复性强.在153对SRAP引物中,只有引物me_5-em_4在爱玉子雌株上扩增出约220 bp的特异条带,将其命名为FA me_5-em_(14)-220,该标记与雄株没有关联,可作为爱玉子性别鉴别的SRAP标记.从153对引物中筛选出8对多态性好、分辨率高的引物组合,在24个爱玉子雌性品系和16个雄性品系的DNA样品中扩增出171条多态性带,并获得爱玉子雌、雄各品系独特的核酸指纹,其中em_6-me_6引物与me_3-em_2、me_1-em_8、me_2-em_9中的任何一对引物进行组合,都能鉴别24个爱玉子雌性品系;me_3-em_2与me_9-em_(14)2对引物组合也能鉴别24个爱玉子雌性品系;me_1-em_8单独一对引物,以及me_1-em_9与me_3-em_2(或me_6-em_6)2对引物组合能鉴别16个爱玉子雄性品系,并获得2个雄性品系的特异性片段,即片段me_1-em_8-350 bp为大洋57特有,me_1-em_8-240bp为大洋241特有.研究结果对爱玉子种质资源遗传多样性的分析、品种和品系的鉴定、以及种苗质量仲裁检验等具有重要的理论意义和实践价值. 相似文献
20.
对188份巴西橡胶树种质材料进行AFLP指纹图谱分析,25对多态性引物在100～1 000 bp内共扩增出1 274条带,其中701条带具多态性,多态性达55.02％.每对引物扩增的谱带数在36～66之间,平均为51条.12份橡胶树种质材料具特征带.大多种质的遗传相似系数都在0.84～0.94之间,占94.6％.说明大多数供试材料的遗传差异相对较小,这与橡胶树种质遗传基础狭窄,遗传差异不丰富相吻合.UPGMA聚类结果将供试材料分为3大类,5个类群,每个类群再细分为若干个小组,橡胶树大部分种质按照类群遗传特性聚集在一起,表明AFLP分子标记指纹图谱结果与表型鉴定种质结果一致,分子标记指纹图谱技术可以作为种质鉴定的辅助方法,从微观方面来进行种质的研究保存,为选育种提供好的育种材料. 相似文献