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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(3)
为了研究过瘤胃N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对舍饲滩羊生产性能的影响,试验选取20只90日龄的滩羊羔羊,分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+0.2%过瘤胃N-氨甲酰谷氨酸,测定滩羊羔羊生产性能。结果表明:与对照组相比,在90~105日龄和106~120日龄,试验组滩羊羔羊的干物质采食量显著提高(P0.05),在121~135日龄和136~150日龄,对照组与试验组滩羊羔羊的干物质采食量无显著差异(P0.05);试验组滩羊羔羊末重、总增重、平均日增重分别比对照组降低0.52 kg(P0.05)、0.29 kg(P0.05)、4.83 g(P0.05),料重比比对照组提高0.63。说明日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对滩羊羔羊的生产性能产生了负面影响,滩羊羔羊不需额外补充N-氨甲酰谷氨酸。 相似文献
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本试验研究饲料中过瘤胃蛋氨酸添加水平对刚断奶羔羊增重性能、营养物质消化率、血液生化指标的影响。选择30只萨寒杂交一代(萨福克×小尾寒羊)断奶羔羊,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为3组(n=10),各试验组每只羔羊每天饲喂0、4、8 g的过瘤胃蛋氨酸,预试期为10 d,正式期为60 d。试验结果表明:饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对断奶羔羊的生长性能具有显著的改善作用(P0.05),其中4 g/d的添加量显著提高了断奶羔羊的体重和平均日增重,显著降低了料肉比。饲粮中添加4 g/d的过瘤胃蛋氨酸显著提高了断奶羔羊干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P0.05),而对粗脂肪和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。4 g/d的过瘤胃蛋氨酸组羔羊的血糖含量和总蛋白含量显著高于其他两组(P0.05),血液尿素氮含量显著低于其他两组(P0.05)。因此,断奶羔羊饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸可以显著改善断奶羔羊的生长性能,以4 g/d的添加量具有最佳效果。 相似文献
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为了阐明沙打旺茎秆的真实饲用价值,正确指导其饲喂利用技术,以玉米秸秆为对照,从营养物质含量、绒山羊采食量和瘤胃降解率等方面进行了对比研究.结果表明:不含叶片的沙打旺茎秆营养品质明显下降,粗蛋白质含量仅为8.36 ％/DM,NDF和ADF的含量高达81.51％/DM和65.26％/DM;沙打旺茎秆的可食性较差,绒山羊对其干物质采食量为58.2g/kg·W0.75,低于玉米秸秆,作为单一日粮饲喂绒山羊无法满足其维持营养需要;沙打旺茎秆干物质在绒山羊瘤胃内的有效降解率非常低,只有13.96％,基本上失去了饲用价值,成为劣质粗饲料. 相似文献
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柴兆军 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2006,36(4):17-18
选用3月龄羔羊40只,随机分为4组。三个试验组绵羊的基础日粮中添加益生素0.05g,0.10g,0.15g/只,d,对照组绵羊不添加益生素,共饲喂46d,以观察益生素对羔羊增重及生长发育的影响。试验结果表明:绵羊添加益生素0.10g/只,d时,育肥羔羊的增重、日增重、料重比、钙、磷、粗蛋白的表观消化率最高,即羔羊饲料中0.10g/d剂量的益生素,可使育肥羔羊得到最佳的增重效果。 相似文献
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在高精料日粮中添加辣椒提取物对育肥犊牛采食量、饮水量和瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用4头平均体重为(438±71)kg并安有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦犊牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,旨在研究高精料日粮中添加3种剂量的辣椒提取物(CAP)对犊牛采食量、饮水量和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验动物饲喂10%大麦秸秆和90%精料的基础日粮(日粮组成为32.2%大麦粒、27.9%粉碎玉米、7.5%小麦麸、10.7%豆粕、10.7%大豆皮、7.2%玉米蛋白粉和3.1%矿物元素预混料;营养水平为16.6%粗蛋白质和18.3%中性洗涤纤维)。试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0、125、250和500mg/d的辣椒精油,辣椒精油包括6%辣椒素和二氢辣椒素。试验期为25d,预试期为15d,连续5d测干物质采食量和连续3d采集瘤胃液。动物自由采食,自由饮水,每天于08∶00饲喂一次。数据统计采用SAS中混合模型程序进行分析,该模型包括固定效应(时间和处理)、随机效应(犊牛)和误差效应,结果用线性模型和二次曲线效应分析。通过线性模型分别对4个试验组的干物质采食量(分别为8.56、9.84、8.68、9.40kg/d;P<0.04)、瘤胃pH(6.03、5.84、5.96、5.86;P<0.08)和挥发性脂肪酸(134.3、144.8、140.1、142.8mmol/L;P<0.08)进行检测。饮水量和干物质采食量之间存在显著强相关性(R2=0.98)。与对照组相比,饲喂后的前2h添加CAP组犊牛干物质采食量显著降低(P<0.05),乙酸摩尔比呈线性下降的趋势(59.6mol/100mol下降到55.5mol/100mol;P<0.06),瘤胃氨氮浓度呈线性升高的趋势(14.4mgN/dL升高到16.0mgN/dL;P<0.08);相反,丙酸摩尔比、丁酸摩尔比和乳酸无显著影响。结果表明,辣椒油提取物可以促进干物质采食量和改善高精料日粮饲喂肉牛的DMI模式。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究香兰素对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分及血清生化指标的影响,为香兰素在奶牛生产上的开发应用提供科学依据。选取40头健康的荷斯坦奶牛进行配对,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20头,在相同的条件下饲养。对照组饲喂牛场全混合日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上添加10 g/d香兰素,预试期7 d,试验期70 d。结果表明:日粮添加10 g/d香兰素对奶牛泌乳前期的干物质采食量、产奶性能无显著影响(P0.05);日粮中添加10 g/d香兰素对泌乳前期奶牛的乳成分无显著影响(P0.05);日粮中添加10 g/d香兰素对血清生化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。得出结论:在日粮中添加10 g/d香兰素对泌乳前期奶牛的生产性能及血清生化指标无显著影响。 相似文献
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This experiment was conducted to study the impact of adding linseed oil and malic acid on rumen fatty acid metabolism and feed degradation rate in Yanbian Yellow cattle. 4 Yanbian Yellow cattle weighted (350±15) kg, and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used as 4×4 Latin square design. The cattle in control group (CON group) were fed basal diet, in LO group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil, in LOM group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil and 160 g/d malic acid, in LOMS group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d sesame oil, 160 g/d malic acid and 47.5 g/d NaHCO3. In the third and fourth day during the test period, rumen fluid was collected and measured for fatty acids. In the fifth and sixth day, nylon bag method was adopted to determine the feed degradation rate in the rumen. The results showed that the contents of the rumen fatty acids in three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05), excepted the contents of t11-C18:1 at 6 h. Compared with CON group, the rumen degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LO group were all reduced. Compared with LO group, degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LOM and LOMS groups were improved in a certain extent. The results showed that dietary linseed oil and malic acid would increase the rumen fluid fatty acids in Yanbian Yellow cattle. Linseed Oil had a trend to decline the feed degradation rate in the rumen, but the trend was opposite when combined with malic acid. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛,釆用4×4拉丁方设计,设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮,LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油;LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸;LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量,在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外,3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05）,且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与CON组相比,LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低,但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果,日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量;日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率,而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。 相似文献
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本研究旨在评估全混合日粮添加益生菌对干乳期奶牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及氮平衡的影响.试验将体重为(440.92±3.33)kg、平均干乳期为42?d的60头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型全混合日粮,处理组饲喂基础全混合日粮+200?mg/kg益生菌(枯草芽孢杆菌含量:1×106?... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究丁酸钠对断奶羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选取24只42日龄的断奶羔羊,随机分成4组,每组6个重复。空白对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg黄霉素的饲粮,丁酸钠A组和丁酸钠B组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2和3 g/kg包膜丁酸钠的饲粮。各组分别在试验第14天、第28天选取3只羔羊屠宰取样。结果表明:试验第14天时,各组断奶羔羊的瘤胃相对质量和相对容积以及各胃肠道形态指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验第28天时,与空白对照组相比,丁酸钠B组瘤胃背囊的肌层厚度,瘤胃腹囊的肌层厚度、乳头高度,十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度,空肠绒毛表面积以及空肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加3 g/kg包膜丁酸钠并持续饲喂28 d可以促进断奶羔羊瘤胃乳头和肌层以及肠道绒毛的生长,增加肠道绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,有利于胃肠道的发育。 相似文献
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Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in calves 
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下载免费PDF全文 Rong Zhang Xiaoli Dong Meng Zhou Yan Tu Naifeng Zhang Kaidong Deng Qiyu Diao 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(5):755-762
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary probiotics on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in dairy calves. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly allocated to three treatments: a basal diet, the basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 (LB) or basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 and Bacillus subtilis B27 (LBS). A milk replacer was fed to calves from 8 days of age. A starter and alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum from 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and the orts were weighted daily. The ruminal fluid was sampled at 56 and 83 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation characteristics. The bacterial community was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the number of certain bacteria was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The ratio of total dry matter intake to average body wieght was higher in the control (P < 0.05). The DGGE fingerprint of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was affected by the blended probiotics at 83 days of age. The number of Ruminococcus albus was lower in the LB and LBS treatment (P < 0.05). Oral administration of the probiotics affected the rumen bacterial community and the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria decreased. 相似文献
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【目的】 本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加缓释尿素（SRU）和过瘤胃葡萄糖（RPG）对热应激绵羊生产性能和瘤胃发酵功能的影响。【方法】 选取40只健康、体重相近的3月龄湖羊公羔,按初始体重随机分成4个处理组（n=10）,分别为对照组（CON组,饲喂基础饲粮）、缓释尿素组（SRU组,基础饲粮中添加缓释尿素15 g/d）、过瘤胃葡萄糖组（RPG组,基础饲粮中添加过瘤胃葡萄糖10 g/d）和联合添加组（UG组,基础饲粮中添加缓释尿素15 g/d+过瘤胃葡萄糖10 g/d）,预饲期15 d,正饲期50 d。在正饲期的最后一天晨饲前,分别采集血液和瘤胃液,测定血样中免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）的含量,并测定瘤胃液pH、氨态氮、微生物蛋白及挥发性脂肪酸等指标。【结果】 与CON组相比,①饲粮中添加缓释尿素、过瘤胃葡萄糖均显著降低热应激绵羊的呼吸频率（P<0.05）,UG组热应激绵羊的直肠温度显著降低（P<0.05）。②SRU组、RPG组、UG组热应激绵羊的终末体重和平均日增重均显著提高（P<0.05）,料重比显著降低（P<0.05）。③RPG组和UG组热应激绵羊血清中IgG和IgM的含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,血清中TNF-α和IL-2的含量显著降低（P<0.05）。④各处理组热应激绵羊瘤胃内乙酸与丙酸的比值均显著提高（P<0.05）,SRU组瘤胃内乙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸比例和总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度均显著提高（P<0.05）,RPG组瘤胃液pH和异戊酸比例均显著提高（P<0.05）,瘤胃内氨态氮、丙酸、丁酸的比例均显著降低（P<0.05）,UG组瘤胃内乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸及微生物蛋白的含量均显著提高（P<0.05）。【结论】 饲粮中添加缓释尿素、过瘤胃葡萄糖显著提高了热应激绵羊的生产性能,改善瘤胃发酵,维持瘤胃内环境的稳定,可有效缓解绵羊热应激。 相似文献
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Hulshof RB Berndt A Gerrits WJ Dijkstra J van Zijderveld SM Newbold JR Perdok HB 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(7):2317-2323
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary nitrate on methane emission and rumen fermentation parameters in Nellore × Guzera (Bos indicus) beef cattle fed a sugarcane based diet. The experiment was conducted with 16 steers weighing 283 ± 49 kg (mean ± SD), 6 rumen cannulated and 10 intact steers, in a cross-over design. The animals were blocked according to BW and presence or absence of rumen cannula and randomly allocated to either the nitrate diet (22 g nitrate/kg DM) or the control diet made isonitrogenous by the addition of urea. The diets consisted of freshly chopped sugarcane and concentrate (60:40 on DM basis), fed as a mixed ration. A 16-d adaptation period was used to allow the rumen microbes to adapt to dietary nitrate. Methane emission was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Dry matter intake (P = 0.09) tended to be less when nitrate was present in the diet compared with the control, 6.60 and 7.05 kg/d DMI, respectively. The daily methane production was reduced (P < 0.01) by 32% when steers were fed the nitrate diet (85 g/d) compared with the urea diet (125 g/d). Methane emission per kilogram DMI was 27% less (P < 0.01) on the nitrate diet (13.3 g methane/kg DMI) than on the control diet (18.2 g methane/kg DMI). Methane losses as a fraction of gross energy intake (GEI) were less (P < 0.01) on the nitrate diet (4.2% of GEI) than on the control diet (5.9% of GEI). Nitrate mitigated enteric methane production by 87% of the theoretical potential. The rumen fluid ammonia-nitrogen (NH(3)-N()) concentration was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the nitrate diet. The total concentration of VFA was not affected (P = 0.61) by nitrate in the diet, while the proportion of acetic acid tended to be greater (P = 0.09), propionic acid less (P = 0.06) and acetate/propionate ratio tended to be greater (P = 0.06) for the nitrate diet. Dietary nitrate reduced enteric methane emission in beef cattle fed sugarcane based diet. 相似文献
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Osuga IM Abdulrazak SA Muleke CI Fujihara T 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(4):634-639
Twenty growing Small East African goats were used to determine the effects of feeding sun-dried leaves of the browse forages Berchemia discolor and Zizyphus mucronata as supplements to low-quality basal diet, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, on voluntary feed intake (VFI), digestibility and growth performance. The grass hay and maize bran were used as a control. The dried leaves were then included at the rates of 15% and 30% of the dry matter intake (DMI). Berchemia discolor had the highest crude protein (CP) content of 195.5 g/kg DM, while Z. mucronata had CP content of 169.5 g/kg DM. The grass hay had the lowest CP content of 50.9 g/kg DM. The browse forages had low fibre content [Neutral detergent fibre (NDF); 257.9-369.5 g/kg DM], while the grass hay had high fibre content (NDF; 713.1 g/kg DM). Goats in the groups supplemented with either of the browse forages had higher total DMI, nitrogen (N) intake and retention and live-weight gains than those in the control diet group. The digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) was not affected by supplementation, but the CP digestibility increased with supplementation. The use of the browse forages as supplements for goats fed on poor-quality basal diets would enhance the performance of the animals. 相似文献
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Rapp C Lantzsch HJ Drochner W 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2001,85(11-12):406-413
Hydrolysis of phytate in the stomach and the small intestine as influenced by intrinsic plant (wheat) and supplemented microbial phytase (A. niger) were investigated with six minipigs (40-50 kg initial BW) fitted with re-entrant-cannulas in the duodenum, 30 cm posterior to the pylorus (animals 1, 4, 5, and 6) and ileocecal re-entrant cannulas, 5 cm prior the ileocecal junction (animals 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) diet 1, a corn-based diet (43 U Phytase/kg DM); (2) diet 2, diet 1 supplemented with microbial phytase (818 U/kg DM) and (3) diet 3, a wheat-based diet (1192 U/kg DM). At 0730 and 1930 per animal 350 g diet mixed with 1050 ml de-ionized water were fed. Digesta were collected continuously and completely during 12 h after feeding. Duodenal recovery of dry matter and total phosphorus were 100% in the period between two feedings, irrespective of dietary treatment. In animals fed the wheat-based diet, dry matter left the stomach faster (p < 0.05) during the first hour after feeding than in animals fed the corn-based diets (41.3 vs. 31.0 and 25.8% of intake, respectively). Supplemented microbial phytase did not affect ileal dry matter digestibility of the corn-based diet. In the first hour after feeding, phosphorus concentration of the duodenal digesta of animals fed corn-based diets with or without supplemented microbial phytase (5.86, 6.19 mg total P/g DM) exceeded the dietary level considerably (4.30 and 4.21 mg total P/g DM) indicating a higher solubility of corn than wheat phosphorus in the stomach. Apparent ileal P absorption was higher (p < 0.05) in the wheat-based diet (37.6%) and corn-based diet supplemented with microbial phytase (34.3%) than in the unsupplemented corn-based diet (17.6%). 相似文献