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树木褐根病是由有害木层孔菌(Phellinus noxius)引起的一类土壤传染性根部病害,为了实施对这类病害的生物防治,结合唯一氮源1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为底物和平板对峙法,从澳门松山市政公园健康树木的根际分离得到1株对有害木层孔菌具有较强拮抗活性的菌株1583.采用一对细菌通用引物PCR扩增获得菌株1583的16S rDNA基因序列,其片段大小为1 496 bp,系统进化树显示菌株1583与Burkholderia seminalis的亲缘关系最近,综合结果鉴定该菌株为伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia sp.).拮抗性研究表明,菌株1583对油菜菌核病病原菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、黑松叶斑病病原菌(Pestalotiopsis sp.)、香蕉枯萎病病原菌(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense)、白蝴蝶炭疽病病原菌(Colletotrichum sp.)和美人蕉瘟病病原菌(Pyricularia cannaecola hashioka)等植物病原真菌均有明显的抑制作用. 相似文献
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木霉菌和毛壳菌对板栗疫病的抗生作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianumT88菌株、深绿木霉T.atrovorideT95菌株和螺旋毛壳Chaetomium spiraleND35菌株与板栗疫病菌Cryphonectria parasiticaLY菌株的平板对峙培养结果表明,木霉菌对营养和空间有强烈的竞争作用,表现在可使病原菌菌丝消解,对病菌菌丝的生长有明显的抑制作用;毛壳菌生长速度较慢,但可形成抑菌带,使病菌不扩展。室内水培枝条接种试验结果表明,接种拮抗菌的拮抗效果好,而且先接种拮抗菌后接种病原菌的处理比拮抗菌和病原菌同时接种的处理效果还好,毛壳菌没有木霉菌的作用明显。接种枝条的木霉菌、毛壳菌和病原菌的再分离结果表明,T95和ND35的定殖能力强。 相似文献
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西双版纳红掌细菌性叶疫病病原菌初步研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
经鉴定,云南西双版纳的红掌细菌性叶疫病病原菌为Burkholderia caryophylli、Burkholderiasolanacearum、Pseudomonas sp.、Xanthomonas sp.等4个种。这4种菌的混合侵染力极强,目前在栽培管理上还缺乏有效的防治措施。 相似文献
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新疆核桃腐烂病拮抗菌的筛选及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给核桃促生菌群的构建提供菌株材料,通过对新疆核桃拮抗菌的分离纯化,筛选出对核桃腐烂病病原菌具有拮抗作用且能在其根际稳定定殖的优质高效菌株。从阿克苏、和田、喀什等新疆核桃主产区的根际土壤中分离出拮抗菌30株,采用对峙试验法对其拮抗能力进行测定,选出拮抗菌14株。经耐利福平诱导后剩余7株。将其进行大田定殖试验后,最终筛选出7株拮抗菌。经16S r DNA鉴定,这7株拮抗菌属于3个属,分别为假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、链霉菌属Streptomyces,其中假单胞菌属为优势种属,且拮抗效果及稳定性最好。 相似文献
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[目的]为获得高效拮抗3种兰花病原真菌胶孢炭疽菌、尖孢镰孢菌和腐皮镰孢菌的菌株。[方法]使用平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株,结合形态特征观察、生理生化试验和16S rRNA基因序列分析的方法对目的菌株进行鉴定。[结果]筛选获得5株同时拮抗三种病原菌的菌株,其中菌株GT312拮抗效果明显。16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,该菌株与Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(模式菌株FZB42T)相似性最高,为99.93%。菌株形态特征观察、生理生化试验结果与B.amyloliquefaciens描述一致。[结论]菌株GT312可同时拮抗3种兰花病原真菌,鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,为兰花病害的生物防治提供了菌株资源。 相似文献
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外生菌根菌对植物根部病害病原菌拮抗作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在1981—1987年间笔者对外生菌根菌的拮抗作用做了室内的研究,结果为:某些外生菌根菌(Boletus edulis B. sp. Suillus grevillei, S. Luteus等)对植物常见的根病病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia Solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens等)的生长、繁殖有强烈的抑制作用。外生菌根菌不仅能杀死病原菌的营养体,而且能以病原菌为营养,生长十分茂盛;不仅能抑制病原菌繁殖休及休眠体的形成,而且能大幅度地降低其萌发率;不仅能消解A.tumefaciens的菌落,而且菌根菌的滤液(60℃恒温处理30分钟)对A.tumefaciens产生明显的抑菌圈。本研究筛选出具有拮抗作用的优良菌种:B.edulis, B. sp., S.grevillei, S.luteus, Chroogomphus rutilus, Xeroeomus Chysenteron。外生菌根菌能分泌非挥发性的杀菌活性物质使病原菌的细胞质消解,有的杀菌物质能耐60℃的高温;菌根菌亦能分泌挥发性活性物质;菌根菌还能借助侵入锥或直接穿入病原菌菌丝行寄生生活。 相似文献
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To determine whether the brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius is present in the Amami islands, which are situated near Okinawa, we conducted six field surveys from 1999 to 2005. The brown root rot disease was found in 22 tree species in 17 plant families at 25 different sites in all the islands surveyed. Sixteen of these species were newly recorded as host plants of P. noxius. The disease was more common in the low elevation plains and on hills less than 100 m above sea level than in mountainous areas. This is the first report of the brown root rot disease caused by P. noxius in the Amami Islands, Japan, and Ohshima Island is currently the northern‐most distribution point of the disease in the northern hemisphere. 相似文献
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The fungus Phellinus noxius has a broad host range and causes brown root rot in a variety of tree species of various ages, irrespective of their original health. The fungus is widely distributed in tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia, Central America and Caribbean, and Africa. Since 1988, when brown root rot was first found on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, the disease has been reported on several islands in Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, and it has been causing serious problems to shade, windbreak, ornamental and landscape trees in the Ryukyu Islands, located in the subtropical region of southern Japan. Here, we report on the current status of P. noxius‐caused brown root rot in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including symptoms, occurrence, dispersal, distribution and host tree species of the disease, pathogenicity and/or virulence of the pathogen, and disease management based on our surveys and previously published reports from Japan. Brown root rot has been confirmed in 53 tree species from 32 plant families at different sites on 10 of the 12 islands surveyed. Among the 53 tree species, 34 were first recorded in Japan as host plants of P. noxius. The disease occurs mainly in shade, ornamental and windbreak trees at sightseeing places, parks, roadsides, agricultural land such as sugar cane fields, and around residences or other places associated with human activities. 相似文献
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油桐根腐病是桐区历史性、毁灭性的病害,危害甚烈。病株须根和侧根皮层腐烂,生长停止,终致死亡。桐林年均病株率16.7％,年均株死亡率7.4—7.5％,3—5年将导致桐林毁败。各级病株同工酶谱较健株减少2—6条,活性减弱,反映出病株内部“生化症状”与外部衰亡程度的相关规律。桐林周年发病时期分为初期、初峰期、高峰期和末期。病情与桐区气候因素关系密切,通径植分析,其顺序地温>气温>相对湿度>降水量。经偏回归求算,建立的预测模式为: (?)=0.623+0.457x_1-0.391x_2-0.02x_3+0.005_4 X~2检验,X~2相似文献
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Extraction force and displacement were measured on roots pulledhorizontally from the sides of a pit made in the soil afterremoval of the tree and the bulk of its root system. Measurementswere made on a brown earth and a deep peat, in 24- and 27- year-oldcrops respectively. The brown earth soil was drier and moredeeply rooted than the peat, but the root diameter at the pulledend, the length of root extracted and the root displacementat maximum extraction force were each similar on both soils.Extraction force was related to the root cross-sectional areaat the pulled end and regressions showed that roots requiredsignificantly more force for extraction on the peat than onthe brown earth. However, the difference was small, and anydifferences in tree stability between the two sites would haveto be explained by other features of the anchorage. Data arealso presented on effects of root morphology and depth on extractionforce. 相似文献
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Acacia mangium is a fast‐growing tree species. It is mainly planted in large monocultures for pulpwood in South‐East Asia. Root rot has become the most economically damaging disease of this species with high tree mortality rates observed during second and third rotations. Two main types of root rots have been found in A. mangium, viz. brown root‐rot and red‐root disease caused by Phellinus spp. and Ganoderma spp., respectively. To assess the future management options for root rot of A. mangium, we review past and current disease‐management strategies for root rot in different temperate and tropical industrial tree crops. The efficacies of a wide range of silvicultural, chemical and biological options are detailed, and their potential utilization in managing root rot of A. mangium is discussed. We conclude that the current gaps in knowledge regarding identification, biology and disease epidemiology of the root‐rot pathogens will need to be addressed so that effective management options can be developed. 相似文献
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We examined the respiration rate of root segments, which had a constant length in relation to their diameter, from three small and two large 26-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. trees. The dependence of respiration rate on segment diameter was described by a power function with an exponent of about 1.5, except for the smallest sample tree, for which the exponent was 1.74. Unlike stem segments, root segments of similar diameter showed similar rates of respiration regardless of the tree from which the root segments had been taken. On the basis of the power function, we propose a new equation to estimate the total root respiration rate of a tree. The relationship between root respiration rate per tree and root weight can be expressed by a power function with an exponent of 1.11. The ratio of the specific respiration rate of stems to that of roots was 0.7 for the three smaller trees, and 1.1 to 1.3 for the two larger trees. In November, the stand respiration rate of roots was estimated to be 0.36 kg CO(2) ha(-1) h(-1) for a root biomass (dry weight) of 28 Mg ha(-1). 相似文献
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松材线虫病程中树体内线虫和细菌种群数量的动态变化 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
越来越多的证据证明松材线虫病是由松材线虫和线虫携带的细菌共同引起的。本文对接种松材线虫后黑松的不同发病阶段 ,树体内非接种枝上的线虫、细菌的种类及数量变化动态进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,非接种枝上 ,在病树出现少量黄色针叶时 ,能有细菌检出 ;较多黄色和褐色针叶时 ,线虫才开始出现 ,细菌开始增多 ;至发病后期 ,病树基本枯死时 ,线虫和细菌数量迅速增加。对发病过程中出现的细菌种类鉴定表明 ,发病中期 ,细菌种类比较单一 ,随着病情的发展 ,细菌不但数量迅速增加 ,而且种类也增多 ,但优势菌群为荧光假单胞菌、假单胞菌 不动杆菌、泛菌属和少动鞘氨醇单胞杆菌 相似文献
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板栗(Castanea mollissima)在山东省是一重要的干果树种.自2004年起,山东泰安、济南、潍坊、临沂等地相继发生一种新的叶部病害,板栗感病后,叶片上产生褐色的斑点,随后病斑迅速扩大,呈不规则大面积干枯,9月中、下旬开始大量落叶,10月中、下旬二次发芽抽稍,新发枝稍冬季枯死,极易诱发板栗疫病,引起树木整株死亡.近年来,该病逐年加重.2006年对泰安市徂徕山林场600hm2板栗林调查,发病率为100%,800余株10～15年生板栗树死亡,2007年死亡9000余株,减产近12万kg.为控制该病害的危害,生产上迫切需要确诊出该病害及病原,2006-2009年,笔者对该病害进行了系统的研究,旨在为研究病害的发生发展规律和防治措施的制定提供理论依据. 相似文献
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20株真菌对桉树苗高和根系活力的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着桉树人工林的不断发展,土壤肥力、水分过度消耗等问题出现,限制了桉树的持续增长。利用不同真菌对桉树苗进行接种测试,以期找到能增强桉树根活力、促进植株生长、改善土壤活性的菌株。接种20株真菌发酵液于桉树苗根部,120d对其株高和根活力进行测定,结果表明,暗梗单孢霉（Chloridiumsp．）菌株A5和头孢霉（Cephalosporiumsp．）菌株B10作用下的按树苗平均株高（53．51,52．24cm）与对照（50．50cm）、根活力（3．16,3．12μg/g·h）与对照（2．75μg/g·h）有极显著差异。结果综合分析显示暗梗单孢霉菌株和头孢霉菌株发酵液对桉树苗有显著性的促进增高和增强根活力的作用。 相似文献
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Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity, tree diversity and root nutrient relations in a mixed Central European forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Knowledge is limited about whether root nutrient concentrations are affected by mixtures of tree species and interspecific root competition. The goal of this field study was to investigate root nutrient element concentrations in relation to root and ectomycorrhizal (EM) diversity in six different mixtures of beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and lime (Tilia sp.) in an old-growth, undisturbed forest ecosystem. Root biomass and nutrient concentrations per tree taxon as well as the abundance and identity of all EM fungi were determined in soil cores of a volume of 1 L (r=40 mm, depth=200 mm). Stand-level nutrient concentrations in overall root biomass and H' (Shannon-Wiener diversity) were obtained by pooling the data per stand. At stand level, Shannon H' for roots and aboveground tree species abundance were correlated. H' for roots and EM fungi were not correlated because of the contribution of ash roots that form only arbuscular mycorrhizal but no EM associations. Nutrient element concentrations in roots showed taxon-related differences and increased in the following order: beech?≤?lime?相似文献