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1.
发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对斑点叉尾鮰消化酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼粉,饲养平均体重为1.1g的斑点叉尾鮰42d后,研究了发酵豆粕对斑点叉尾鮰生长和消化酶活性的影响.结果显示:发酵豆粕替代25%、50%、75%鱼粉组斑点叉尾鮰增重率、特定生长率比对照组稍高(P>0.05),饲料系数与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05);替代100%的鱼粉时,这些指标与对照组也没有显著性差异;试验组斑点叉尾鮰胃蛋白酶活性与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);肝胰脏和肠道的蛋白酶活性随着替代比例的提高而呈不明显的上升趋势(P>0.05);各试验组鱼淀粉酶活性均高于对照组,其中以替代50%鱼粉组最高,但差异不显著(P>0.05).  相似文献   

2.
发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对斑点叉尾鲴消化酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中25％、50％、75％和100％的鱼粉,饲养平均体重为1．1g的斑点叉尾鲴42d后,研究了发酵豆粕对斑点叉尾鲴生长和消化酶活性的影响。结果显示：发酵豆粕替代25％、50％、75％鱼粉组斑点叉尾鲴增重率、特定生长率比对照组稍高（P〉0．05）,饲料系数与对照组没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）;替代100％的鱼粉时,这些指标与对照组也没有显著性差异;试验组斑点叉尾鲴胃蛋白酶活性与对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;肝胰脏和肠道的蛋白酶活性随着替代比例的提高而呈不明显的上升趋势（P〉0．05）;各试验组鱼淀粉酶活性均高于对照组,其中以替代50％鱼粉组最高,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。  相似文献   

3.
不同水平双低菜粕替代蛋白对鱼类生长的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
异育银鲫(Carassiusauratusgibelio)和团头鲂(Megalobramaamblycephola)鱼种随机分成6组,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ-Ⅴ组分别用不同比例"华双3号"双低菜粕等氮替代对照组中的25%、50%、75%、100%的豆粕蛋白,Ⅵ组以83.66%的菜粕等氮替代对照组中100%的豆粕和鱼粉蛋白,在小型网箱中进行了生长实验。结果表明,当饲料中双低菜粕蛋白替代豆粕蛋白比例分别为25%、50%和75%时,异育银鲫和团头鲂的特定生长率、饲料转化率和平均摄食率等指标各实验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);当替代比例为100%或替代饲料中全部的豆粕和鱼粉蛋白时,两种鱼类的各项指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

4.
以鱼粉、南极磷虾粉和豆粕为蛋白源,以南极磷虾粉蛋白分别替代饲料中的0(对照组)、20%、40%、60%的鱼粉蛋白制成4种等氮等能的饲料,并以此饲料饲喂大菱鲆(37.36±2.12g)56d。试验结果显示,饲料中南极磷虾粉水平对大菱鲆的成活率及特定生长率(SGR)没有显著性影响(P>0.05);对各组的饲料干物质表观消化率均有显著性影响(P<0.05),替代40%组与替代60%组蛋白质表观消化率较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);对大菱鲆血清中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力无显著性影响(P>0.05)。大菱鲆各组间肌肉中氟残留量没有显著性差异(P>0.05),且肌肉中氟含量均在可食用范围内,大菱鲆各组间骨骼中氟残留量均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
鱼粉水解物中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
冯健 《水产学报》2005,29(2):222-226
用150尾3.74±0.23 g的草鱼作日粮中鱼粉水解物中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能影响研究。实验分为2 组,每组75尾鱼,每25尾鱼饲于0.25m3的水族箱中,每组设3个平行水族箱。试验组日粮中添加0.5%鱼粉水解物 0.5%鱼粉,对照组为1%鱼粉,试验期56 d。结果表明,试验组草鱼其特定生长率、蛋白保留效率、饲料系数和血浆中镁含量与小肽总量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。草鱼日粮中添加一定比例的鱼粉水解物小肽可提高饲料表观消化率和蛋白消化率,增加血液循环中生物活性肽的含量,增加体内氮沉积,减少肝胰脏和肠系膜脂肪储积,从而提高机体对日粮中蛋白质的利用率。  相似文献   

6.
试验分别以豆粕替代0(对照组)、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%的鱼粉蛋白设计出6种等氮等能的饲料配方, 按照配方配制试验饲料(A1、A2、A3、A4、A5和A6)。将540尾体质量为(14.67±0.51) g的齐口裂腹鱼随机分为6个试验组, 每组3个重复, 每个重复30尾试验鱼, 分别投喂6种不同的试验饲料, 养殖时间为45 d。结果表明, 豆粕蛋白替代水平对齐口裂腹鱼的生长有显著影响。豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白的比例为60%时, 试验鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料蛋白效率(PER)均达到最高(分别为118.08%、1.95%/d和207.22%), 饵料系数(FCR)最小(1.27)(P<0.05)。与其余各试验组相比, 替代比例为100%的试验组的WGR、SGR、PER显著降低, FCR显著升高(P<0.05)。通过二次多项式回归分析可知, 齐口裂腹鱼生长性能最佳时豆粕蛋白替代比例为34.25%~45.46%; 随着豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白比例的增大, 鱼体水分、粗灰分、肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05), 粗蛋白在豆粕蛋白替代水平为60%时达到最高(15.53%), 但在豆粕蛋白替代比例小于80%时试验鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05), 肝体指数则随豆粕蛋白替代水平增加而增大, 但在0~80%之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着豆粕蛋白替代比例的增加, 超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的活性有一定的波动, 在豆粕蛋白替代比例为40%达到最高, 豆粕蛋白替代比例在20%~60%时, 溶菌酶(LSZ)的活性逐渐升高, 但各组间及与对照组间的差异不显著(P>0.05), 谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)随着豆粕替代比例增加而逐渐升高, 但豆粕蛋白替代比例小于80%时差异不显著(P>0.05)。豆粕蛋白替代比例为100%时AST、ALT活性显著高于其余各试验组(P<0.05)。说明饲料中豆粕替代一定比例的鱼粉蛋白可促进齐口裂腹鱼的生长, 提高对饲料蛋白的代谢和免疫能力, 但豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白比例超过80%则可引起肝损伤或组织病变。在本试验条件下, 综合考虑其生长指标、体成分及免疫指标, 齐口裂腹鱼的饲料中豆粕对鱼粉蛋白的最大替代比例为80%, 当其替代比例为34.25%~45.46%时可获得最佳生长效果。  相似文献   

7.
双低菜粕对异育银鲫和团头鲂鱼体组成的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
以异育银鲫和团头鲂为生长实验对象,对照组Ⅰ以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,Ⅱ～Ⅴ实验组分别用16.72%、33.45%、50.17%、66.89%的"华双3号"双低菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中的25%、50%、75%、100%豆粕蛋白,Ⅵ组以83.66%的菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中100%的豆粕和鱼粉蛋白。随着饲料中双低菜籽粕蛋白替代比例的提高,异育银鲫和团头鲂鱼体的干物质、蛋白质、脂肪含量呈下降趋势,但与对照组无显著差异(p>0.05),但当双低菜粕蛋白替代豆粕蛋白的比例为100%或替代饲料中全部的豆粕和鱼粉蛋白时,二者的脂肪含量显著下降,低于对照组;氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量随着双低菜籽粕蛋白替代比例的增加略有下降,但各实验组与对照组之间无显著差异(p>0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在探讨花生粕替代鱼粉对全雄黄颡鱼生长及饲料表观消化率的影响。选择初始体质量为(9.12±0.05)g全雄黄颡鱼240尾,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和16.98%花生粕替代11.5%鱼粉的等氮等脂饲料(替代组),进行55 d生长及消化试验。结果表明:(1)替代组体增重、增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率及饲料系数与对照组差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)饲料干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、能量、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸表观消化率两组间无统计学意义差异(P0.05);替代组饲料苏氨酸和缬氨酸表观消化率显著低于对照组(P0.05),精氨酸表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:用花生粕部分替代鱼粉应用于全雄黄颡鱼饲料是可行的。  相似文献   

9.
芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)有氧发酵豆粕的肽类和活菌等含量丰富,为研究其替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼的养殖效果,配制鱼粉含量为50%的大口黑鲈基础饲料,在基础饲料中用芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕分别替代0、10%、20%、30%和40%的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮、等能实验饲料进饲养实验。实验共分5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼[初始体重为(19.83±0.33) g]。采用表观饱食投喂饲养75 d。结果显示,20%和30%实验组增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但饲料效率、存活率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),20%的替代组增重率及饲料效率皆出现最大值;各实验组之间肥满度和肝体比均无显著差异(P>0.05),但替代组脏体比出现下降的趋势,且当替代量超过30%时,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清白蛋白含量各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),替代组总蛋白和球蛋白的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力随鱼粉替代量的增加而显著升高,10%组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他各替代组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对肠道组织结构的研究结果显示,40%组前肠肠绒毛密度和肠壁厚度均显著低于对照组;30%前肠绒毛高度和宽度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。10%组中肠肠壁厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与其他各实验组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);20%和40%组中肠绒毛密度和高度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各实验组的后肠肠壁厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但30%组绒毛高度和宽度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代20%的鱼粉不会影响大口黑鲈的生长性能和体质,对其肠道健康有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

10.
发酵棉籽粉是一种优质植物蛋白原料,具有替代饲料鱼粉的潜力。为评估发酵棉籽粉作为卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)饲料蛋白源的适宜性及适宜替代水平,用发酵棉籽粉分别替代卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饲料中0%(对照组)、25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼粉(基础饲料中鱼粉质量分数为35%),配制成5种实验饲料,饲喂幼鱼[初始体质量为(12.57±0.25) g]7周,探究了发酵棉籽粉替代鱼粉对幼鱼存活、生长和饲料利用性能及肠道菌群组成的影响。结果显示,发酵棉籽粉替代组的存活、生长、饲料利用率以及蛋白质、脂肪沉积效率均低于鱼粉对照组,而25%和50%替代组与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。但当发酵棉籽粉替代75%～100%鱼粉时,刺激了卵形鲳鲹肝脏的抗氧化系统,使总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性高于对照组。此外肝脏HE染色切片显示其细胞空泡化现象加剧,100%替代组的血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量降低,肝脏合成蛋白能力可能下降。发酵棉籽粉高水平替代鱼粉会影响卵形鲳鲹的肠道菌群组成,表现为有益菌丰度下降、有害菌丰度上升,从而影响了肠道菌群功能。综合考虑生长性能和...  相似文献   

11.
Yeast fermentation integrated with water soaking was applied as a method to reduce the levels of some anti‐nutritional factors in canola meal. The procedure completely eliminated glucosinolates and it reduced phytic acid content by 18%. It also led to increase of 9% of crude protein and 8–32% of some minerals in the meal. A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate replacement of dietary soybean meal protein with yeast‐fermented canola meal for Nile tilapia at ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. Three groups of fish with an initial weight of 10 g were fed with each diet twice a day to an apparent satiation. The results showed that there were non‐significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth, survival rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio for all fish fed with the test diets. However, replacement with 75 and 100% levels significantly reduced (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio and nutrient digestibility of protein, lipid, ash, Ca, Mg and P of fish compared with the lower levels. The low retention of protein, lipid, ash, Ca, Mg and P were also observed. These effects seemed to be related to an increased dietary phytic acid.  相似文献   

12.
This study investigates the impact of fishmeal replacement by soybean meal (SM) and improved SM known as EnzoMeal (EZ) on fish growth performance. The SM and EZ were used in five experimental diets: fishmeal (600 g/kg) as the control diet, 50% fishmeal replaced with soybean meal (SM50), 50% fishmeal replaced with EnzoMeal (EZ50), 100% fishmeal replaced with soybean meal (SM100) and 100% fishmeal replaced with EnzoMeal (EZ100). Fish in the control group gained the most weight, followed by those under the SM50 and EZ50 diets, while the least weight gain was observed in fish fed the SM100 and EZ100 diets. The specific growth rate (SGR) was higher in the control, but was not different between fish fed SM50 and EZ50, or between SM100 and EZ100. The highest feed intake occurred in the control but decreased sequentially from fish fed SM50 to fish fed EZ50, EZ100 and SM100. Protein digestibility was best in SM50, poorest in EZ100, but no difference between the control, EZ50 and SM100 diets. This study indicates that EnzoMeal, containing high crude protein (56%), is a potential source of plant meal to replace fishmeal in the barramundi diet, but low feed intake is a challenge when EnzoMeal is >300 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
为探讨豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)生长性能、表观消化率、消化酶活性和肠道健康的影响,以基础饲料为对照,豆粕替代基础饲料中50%和100%的鱼粉形成3种等氮等能的试验饲料,分别记为FM、B1和B2组,饲喂初始体重为(40±0.3)g的牛蛙,进行为期30 d的摄食生长试验,测定增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、营养物质消化率、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶等指标。结果显示:各组间牛蛙成活率无显著差异;豆粕替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙的增重率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率,显著降低其对饲料干物质、蛋白质和总能的表观消化率。肠道消化酶分析结果显示,豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低了牛蛙空肠和回肠蛋白酶活性,B1和B2组牛蛙回肠脂肪酶活性显著低于FM组,淀粉酶活性显著高于FM组。对牛蛙肠道组织形态观察发现,豆粕替代鱼粉后肠道绒毛高度、肌层厚度和柱状上皮高度显著降低。豆粕替代鱼粉后肠道促炎因子IL-1β、IL-17、IL-8和TNF-αmRNA的表达量显著升高。结果表明,牛蛙饲料中大量使用豆粕会对其生长和饲料利用产生负面的影响,并诱导肠道炎症发生。  相似文献   

14.
分别用9种等氮等能的饲料投喂初始体质量为(34.72±0.28)g的大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)。其中1组投喂对照饲料(含50%鱼粉,不含豆粕),另外8个试验组分别投饲由去皮豆粕(DSM)、酶解豆粕(ESM)、发酵豆粕Ⅰ(FSMⅠ)和发酵豆粕Ⅱ(FSMⅡ)替代20%和40%的鱼粉的饲料,9组分别命名为FM、DSM20、DSM40、ESM20、ESM40、FSMⅠ20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20、FSMⅡ40。在海水浮式网箱中进行7周的养殖实验后,评定4种豆粕替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜替代水平。结果显示,试验组与对照组鱼存活率和特定生长率无显著差异(P0.05)。血清生化指标显示,FM组和FSMⅡ20组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其它试验组(P0.05),FM、DSM20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于DSM40、ESM20、ESM40及FSMⅠ20组(P0.05),不同试验组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均不同程度高于对照组。酶解豆粕替代40%鱼粉导致实验鱼的血清对哈维氏弧菌的抵抗能力下降,去皮豆粕替代20%鱼粉导致血清对溶藻弧菌抵抗能力下降;但发酵豆粕不影响血清及黏液对3种菌的抵抗能力。研究表明,以特定生长率、饲料转化率和抗菌能力为评价指标,发酵豆粕是鱼粉的最佳替代源,发酵豆粕Ⅰ和Ⅱ均能替代20%~40%的鱼粉,但存在抗氧化能力下降的风险,尤其是发酵豆粕Ⅰ40%替代组;去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕替代鱼粉在抗菌能力和抗氧化能力方面无优势。  相似文献   

15.
The potential of lupin meal as an alternative protein source to soybean meal in isonitrogenous practical diets for the juvenile black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was evaluated through the studies of growth, digestibility and pellet water stability. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 40% protein. Protein from dehulled Lupinus albus seed meal replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the protein from defatted soybean in the diets. Juvenile P. monodon (4.35 × 0.31 g) were assigned randomly and fed each test diet at a daily feeding rate of 5 % body weight for 42 d in triplicate tanks equipped with a flow-through sea water system. No statistically significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein conversion efficiency and apparent protein utilization of shrimp fed diets with 0, 25, and 50% replacement. Shrimp fed the diet with total replacement of soybean meal by lupin meal had the poorest performance (P < 0.05) with regard to the above parameters. Survival was similar (87%) for all dietary treatments. The apparent dry matter digestibility and apparent protein digestibility were similar for all diets ranging between 70.5 and 72.8% and 89.7 and 90.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in whole body composition (dry matter, lipid, protein and ash) of shrimp on the various diets. The poorest pellet water stability was displayed by the diet with 100% replacement while the diet containing a combination of soybean meal and lupin meal (50% replacement) was the most stable. The results have demonstrated that dehulled lupin seed L. albus meal has good potential as a substitute protein source for up to 50% of the protein from defatted soybean meal and could be included up to 17% inclusion level in juvenile P. monodon practical diets with no adverse effects on growth, feed intake, FCR, survival, feed utilization, body composition, and digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein.  相似文献   

16.
This study evaluated the use of hydrolysed rubber seed meal as a locally grown alternative feed ingredient to reduce the use of fishmeal within formulated feeds for tilapia. Five experimental diets were prepared by formulating different inclusion levels of hydrolysed rubber seed meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of plant‐based protein contribution). Dried and defatted rubber seed meal was hydrolysed by adding rumen digesta liquid to the ingredient. For digestibility measurement, chromic oxide was added to each diet as an inert marker. The digestibility trial was conducted over a 14‐day period by collecting faecal matter from the rearing tanks. In addition, a growth trial was conducted over a period of 50 days using four replicates per dietary treatment. In both experiments, all fish were fed three times daily to apparent satiation. At the end of growth trial, the inclusion level of hydrolysed rubber seed meal up to 50% of plant‐based protein contribution did not give any significant difference compared to the control diet in terms of feed efficiency, specific growth rate and protein retention parameters. In the digestibility study, fish fed diets containing hydrolysed rubber seed meal up to a 50% of plant‐based protein inclusion level did not give any significant difference compared to the control diet in terms of protein and dry matter apparent digestibility. Based on the result of this growth and digestibility study, up to a 50% of plant‐based protein contribution of hydrolysed rubber seed meal can be used within formulated tilapia feeds without any adverse effect.  相似文献   

17.
An indoor feeding trial in a flow-through marine water system was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using dehulled lupin Lupinus albus seed meal as a protein source to replace fish meal in diets for the juvenile Penaeus monodon. Five isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fish meal protein by lupin meal protein were fed to shrimp (mean initial weight of 4.32 ± 0.23 g) three times daily at a feeding allowance of 5% body weight per day for 42 days. Shrimp fed diets with 0, 25, 50 and 75% replacement had similar (P > 0.05) weight gain, dry matter feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and apparent net protein utilization (ANPU). Shrimp fed the highest dietary inclusion level of lupin meal (100% replacement) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower responses for all the above parameters than shrimp fed all other diets. Survival was high (87–100%) and similar for all diets. Apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) of diets with 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of fish meal with lupin meal was similar (75.6–76.6%) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of diet with 0% replacement (73.9%). Diets containing the two highest lupin inclusion levels (75 and 100% replacement) had significantly (P < 0.05) better apparent protein digestibility (APD) than those containing the two lowest lupin meal inclusion levels (0 and 25% replacement). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in whole-body composition (dry matter, protein, lipid and ash) of shrimp fed on the various diets. Pellet water stability was inversely related to level of lupin meal inclusion. It was found, in this study, that up to 75% protein of fish meal can be replaced with the protein of dehulled lupin seed meal in diets for juvenile P. monodon. The diet with total replacement of fish meal containing 40% lupin meal was utilized very poorly by the shrimp.  相似文献   

18.
A plant protein mixture (PPM) was tested to replace fish meal (FM) in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish averaging (±SD) 3.7±0.14 g were divided into 15 groups. Three groups were fed each of five isonitrogenous (33.6%) and isocaloric (4.7 kcal g?1) diets replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the FM protein with similar percentages of PPM (PPM0, PPM25, PPM50, PPM75 or PPM100 respectively). The PPM consisted of 25% soybean meal, 25% cottonseed meal, 25% sunflower meal and 25% linseed meal, and 0.5% of both methionine and lysine were added to each diet except for the control. After 16 weeks of feeding, the fish fed diets PPM75 and PPM100 exhibited growth performance not differing significantly from the fish fed control diet. PPM substitution of up to 75% of the FM protein did not result in differences in the apparent protein digestibility compared with the control, whereas in the PPM100 group digestibility was significantly lower than in the other groups, except for fish fed the PPM75 diet. The incorporation of PPM in diets did not significantly affect whole‐body dry matter, protein, fat or energy compared with the control. The cost–benefit analyses of the test diets indicated that the PPM diets were economically superior to FM. The protein from PPM can completely replace the FM protein in the diets for Nile tilapia, based on the results of this study.  相似文献   

19.
从免疫相关酶活及基因转录水平角度探讨发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾健康生长及免疫机能机制的影响。实验设置5种实用饲料,以30%鱼粉组(FM)为对照组,分别用4%(FSM4)、8%(FSM8)、12%(FSM12)和16%(FSM16)的发酵豆粕,替代9.7%、19.4%、29.1%和38.8%鱼粉,分为4个处理组,饲养体质量为(7.62±0.23)g的凡纳滨对虾60 d后,统计生长性能,检测肌肉营养成分、血清及肝胰腺免疫相关酶活性,肝胰腺HSP70和鳃Toll受体、IMD、溶菌酶(LZM)免疫相关基因m RNA的表达水平。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾成活率无显著影响;过低或过高水平的发酵豆粕替代鱼粉皆会影响凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率。(2)除FSM12组外,肌肉粗蛋白含量发酵豆粕替代组均低于对照组;粗脂肪含量随着发酵豆粕替代量的升高而降低,FSM16组最低。(3)血清谷丙转氨酶活FSM4和FSM16组显著高于对照组;谷草转氨酶活FSM4组最高,而FSM8组最低;除FSM12组外;碱性磷酸酶活性发酵豆粕替代组显著高于对照组;除FSM16组外,血清总蛋白与肝胰腺丙二醛含量发酵豆粕替代组与对照组无显著性差异。(4)随着发酵豆粕替代量增加,鳃Toll受体m RNA表达呈上升趋势,鳃IMD m RNA表达则呈先升后降趋势,发酵豆粕替代比例过高会降低鳃LZM m RNA表达水平,而肝胰腺HSP70 m RNA表达量则随着发酵豆粕替代比例增加呈上升趋势。综上所述,发酵豆粕适量替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能无显著影响,并可提高免疫相关酶活,改变免疫相关基因的表达。本实验条件下适宜发酵豆粕用量为8%~12%;替代量过高,会引起机体的过度应激。  相似文献   

20.
Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.  相似文献   

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