共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
土壤水分特征曲线模型参数识别的多邻域粒子群算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Van Genuchten模型（简称VG模型）是目前运用最为广泛的土壤水分特征曲线模型,提出适宜的优化算法进行模型参数识别也是一个非常重要的研究方向。针对标准的粒子群算法易陷入局部最优的缺点,给出了一种多邻域粒子群算法,可以有效地克服粒子群算法易陷入局部最优的缺点,并利用该算法对VG模型参数进行识别,最后用所求解的参数对不同类型土壤持水性能进行了试验。数值实验结果表明,多邻域粒子群算法能够有效地应用于VG模型的参数识别,与其它算法相比在性能和精度上都有所提高,而且对参数的取值范围也可以较大地放宽。因此,多邻域粒子群算法可以作为VG模型参数识别的一种新方法。 相似文献
2.
Van Genuchten模型在土壤水分特征曲线拟合分析中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用Matlab软件的非线性拟合和非线性回归函数,对传统耕作和免耕耕作两种方式下土壤水分特征曲线进行分析,建立相应的Van Genuchten模型,并对模型进行检验和应用.结果表明,非线性回归较非线性拟合适应性高;Van Genuchten模型适应性好,可以应用于不同耕作条件下的土壤水分分析. 相似文献
3.
毛乌素沙地复配土壤水分特征曲线模型筛选研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对国家增加可利用土地、降低水土流失的需求,利用复配土壤对风沙土进行改良,是实现毛乌素沙地治理、区域生态修复的重要手段。测定不同复配比例土壤的水力学性质,并进一步筛选出合适复配土壤使用的水分特征曲线模型,运用高速离心机法测定对复配土壤水分特征曲线,环刀法测定复配土饱和导水率,并对比不同水分特征曲线模型对于不同比例复配土壤的模拟效果。研究表明:相同土壤水吸力下,添加砒砂岩处理的土壤含水率均高于纯风沙土处理;复配比例中砒砂岩含量越高,土壤保水性越高;当砒砂岩与风沙土复配比例高于5:1后,土壤水分特征曲线与纯砒砂岩差异不大;低吸力阶段,砒砂岩的添加减少了土壤中大孔隙的比例,而在中高吸力阶段,砒砂岩的添加增大了土壤中小孔隙的比例,进而提高土体的持水能力。模型适宜性分析结果表明,能够适配各处理的非饱和导水率模式最优模型为van Genuchten模型;砒砂岩与沙复配比例高于1:5后,Gardner模型的相关系数从0.9473上升至0.9929,残差平方和0.041降低至0.010,模拟效果逐渐超越van Genuchten模型,间接推求公式Arya-Paris模型物理概念明确,但影响因素过多,相较经验公式拟合效果不佳。 相似文献
4.
河套灌区区域土壤水分特征曲线模型的确定与评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究河套灌区土壤特性参数的空间分布特征,本研究对河套灌区解放闸灌域9种土壤质地、110个土样进行室内土壤水分特征曲线测定,根据实验结果确定土壤水分特征曲线经验模型中的参数。同时分析了各模型参数与土壤物理特性之间的关系,为河套灌区区域土壤特征参数的进一步简化推求及水盐运动模拟提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
采用负压计法和双环入渗法在田间分别测定了阿瓦提丰收灌区砂壤土土壤含水率及其对应的土壤水吸力和土壤饱和导水率,采用Sigmaplot软件拟合了Van Genuchten水分特征曲线公式.根据Mualem提出的非饱和土壤导水率公式,建立了该灌区砂壤土非饱和土壤导水率的计算公式,并间接推导了非饱和土壤扩散率和比水容量两个参数... 相似文献
6.
特殊的地理位置与特定的自然环境，加之人类的生产活动影响导致部分地区土壤沙化趋于严重，沙质土壤因其特殊的质地，其持水能力急剧下降，干旱区植物难以生存，区域荒漠化加重，对生态环境造成巨大破坏。为恢复沙质土壤地区的生态环境，引入新型保水性多孔材料-陶瓷空心微珠对沙质土壤持水能力进行提升。利用土壤高速离心机模拟含陶瓷空心微珠沙质土壤的脱湿过程，结合Van Genuchten模型定量分析陶瓷空心微珠对土壤水分特征曲线及其参数的影响。利用土壤三相仪测定陶瓷空心微珠掺量对土壤三相变化的影响。结果表明：随陶瓷空心微珠掺量增加，土壤水分特征曲线形状斜率变化减缓，持水曲线减湿率降低，曲线形状参数n降低；随掺量增加土壤饱和含水率升高，提升效果随掺量增加逐渐减弱，随掺量增加土壤固相比降低，土壤液相与气相比升高，变化效果随掺量增加逐渐减弱。土壤水分特征曲线与土壤三相比测定结果表明沙质土壤持水性提升与陶瓷空心微珠掺量呈正相关，其提升效果随掺量增加而减弱。 相似文献
7.
为探求植物混掺对土壤持水性产生的影响,以甘肃景泰地区土壤为试验材料,设置1％玉米芯、1％玉米叶、3％玉米芯、3％玉米叶等不同比例、不同秸秆混掺物4种处理,采用离心机法测定土壤水分特性曲线,同时利用HYDRUS软件进行模拟计算。结果表明,在相同吸力下,相同混掺物处理,混掺比为3％的土壤体积含水率高于混掺比为1％的土壤;相同混掺比处理,混掺玉米叶的土壤体积含水率高于混掺玉米芯的土壤,且混掺处理后土壤体积含水率均高于纯土;不同土壤水分特征曲线的模型拟合分析表明,不同处理的最优拟合模型均为Van Genucht-en模型。研究结果可为探索该地区植物混掺条件下土壤水盐运移规律提供一定参考。 相似文献
8.
旱地保护性耕作地表径流和土壤水分平衡模型 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
在田间试验和对现有径流模型及土壤水分平衡模型改进的基础上，建立了适用于保护性耕作的地表径流和土壤水分平衡模型。该模型以日为步长，根据气象数据、土壤水分状况、作物生长发育及耕作管理措施，模拟不同耕作管理体系下地表径流和田间水分平衡的变化。针对保护性耕作的特点，主要对径流曲线数字(USDA—Curve Number)法进行了改进，在PERFECT模型的基础上增加了坡度和降雨强度两因素的影响，从而使模型较全面地考虑了残茬覆盖、耕作、坡度及降雨强度等多种因素对径流的影响；采用简单实用的Priestley—Taylor公式计算潜在蒸散量，并考虑作物覆盖与残茬覆盖对土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾的影响。通过田间径流试验和根层有效贮水量测定数据的验证，证明了地表径流和土壤水分的模拟值与实测值比较接近。 相似文献
9.
探究不同生物炭添加量对宁南山区黄绵土水分吸渗特征及水力学参数的变化，为提升区域生态功能及促进农业生产提供数据支撑。选取6种生物炭添加量(0、10、20、30、40和50g/kg),通过室内一维水平土柱试验，利用Philip模型拟合土壤吸渗过程并确定吸渗率(S),并推导出Van Genuchten模型中进气吸力倒数(a)、形状系数(n)及水吸力(h),利用上述水力学参数拟合土壤水分特征曲线、非饱和导水率及比水容量。结果表明：随着生物炭添加量增大，各处理湿润锋运移距离及累积入渗量均逐渐减小。与未添加生物炭处理相比各处理S分别降低了7.83%、14.99%、16.90%、23.36%和39.50%;随生物炭添加量增加，a、n及饱和导水率(Ks)逐渐减小，饱和含水率(θs)、滞留含水率(θr)逐渐增大。相同土壤含水率下，生物炭添加量增加h增大，非饱和导水率减小且增长速率逐渐降低。相同h下，生物炭添加量越大比水容量越大，水分有效性越高。可以看出添加生物炭显著增强了宁南山区黄绵土持水性能及水分有效性。 相似文献
10.
基于Van Genuchten模型测定土壤水动力学参数,采用定点监测方法,在沟道中不同位置以及对照坡面进行土壤水分观测,分析了延安市典型治沟造地项目沟道造地土壤水分的时空变异特征,阐明治沟造地工程对沟道土壤水分的影响。结果表明：（1）土壤水力学参数在沟道土层深度为40 cm附近发生了显著改变,0~40 cm土层土壤容重1.12 ~1.25 g·cm-3,导水率达到40 mm·min-1以上,入渗能力强,同时饱和含水率较大,40 cm以下土层土壤容重在1.5 g·cm-3左右,导水率在1.25~1.41 mm·min-1之间,入渗速率明显减小;（2）沟道土壤水分显著大于对照坡面,其季节变化稍滞后于降水的季节变化,整个生长季在15.76%~21.91%间波动,高出对照坡面5%左右,垂直分布随土层深度的增加而增加,表层最低,为15.07%,160 cm土层最高,为22.84% ,深层土壤含水量优势更加显著;沟道土壤水分变异系数在0.131~0.234之间,相比较坡面,沟道表层以下土壤水分存在较强的空间异质性,100 cm以下土层变异系数在0.2左右,土壤水分变化活跃;（3）沟口土壤含水量显著高于沟头,土层深度40 cm以下的土壤含水量长期达到甚至超过田间持水量。通过治沟造地工程水分综合调控体系,沟道能够为作物生长提供水分充足的生境条件,提高水资源利用效率的同时改善农业生态环境。 相似文献
11.
四种方法推求土壤导水参数的差别与准确性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用土壤水分特征曲线拟合公式和实测的饱和导水率间接推求土壤非饱和导水参数K(θ)和D(θ)是目前大多数水文模型普遍采用的方法。以长武黑垆土为例,对其中比较流行的Broadbrige-White模型、VanGenuchten模型、Burdine模型和Mualem模型推求土壤导水参数的差别和准确性进行了比较分析。结果发现:在较高含水量范围内,4种方法推求的土壤导水参数与实测值相差很小,具有较高精度;用4种方法计算土壤水分扩散率D精度要明显高于对非饱和土壤导水率K计算精度;对黑垆土而言,用Broadbrige-White模型推求的土壤非饱和导水参数K和D精度最高。 相似文献
12.
Shunjun HU 《干旱区科学》2017,9(1):27-37
A knowledge of soil permeability is essential to evaluate hydrologic characteristics of soil, such as water storage and water movement, and soil permeability coefficient is an important parameter that reflects soil permeability. In order to confirm the acceptability of the one-dimensional horizontal infiltration method(one-D method) for simultaneously determining both the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand, we first measured the cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance under various infiltration heads through a series of one-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiments, and then analyzed the relationships of the cumulative horizontal infiltration with the wetting front distance and the square root of infiltration time. We finally compared the permeability results from Gardner model based on the one-D method with the results from other two commonly-used methods(i.e., constant head method and van Genuchten model) to evaluate the acceptability and applicability of the one-D method. The results showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the wetting front distance, suggesting that it is more appropriate to take the soil moisture content after infiltration in the entire wetted zone as the average soil moisture content than as the saturated soil moisture content. The results also showed that there was a robust linear relationship between the cumulative horizontal infiltration and the square root of infiltration time, suggesting that the Philip infiltration formula can better reflect the characteristics of cumulative horizontal infiltration under different infiltration heads. The following two facts indicate that it is feasible to use the one-D method for simultaneously determining the saturated and unsaturated permeability coefficients of loamy sand. First, the saturated permeability coefficient(prescribed in the Gardner model) of loamy sand obtained from the one-D method well agreed with the value obtained from the constant head method. Second, the relationship of unsaturated permeability coefficient with soil water suction for loamy sand calculated using Gardner model based on the one-D method was nearly identical with the same relationship calculated using van Genuchten model. 相似文献
13.
选取4种碎石含量、5种碎石粒径,将纯土作为对照,共进行20组一维积水入渗试验和20组实测饱和导水率试验,分析了碎石含量对土石混合介质水分运动参数的影响以及水分运动模型的适用性。结果表明:Green-Ampt入渗公式、Philip入渗公式、垂直一维代数模型中个别参数随碎石含量的增加呈先减小、再增大、后减小的趋势;模型的适用性因碎石粒径而异,粒径在0.5~3 cm时,垂直一维代数模型可以相对准确地描述土石混合介质的饱和导水率,粒径为3~5 cm时,Green-Ampt公式所描述的饱和导水率精度较高。 相似文献
14.
ZOU Yiping 《干旱区科学》2022,14(4):374-389
Aeolian sandy soil in mining areas exhibits intense evaporation and poor water retention capacity. This study was designed to find a suitable biochar application method to improve soil water infiltration and minimize soil water evaporation for aeolian sand soil. Using the indoor soil column method, we studied the effects of three application patterns (A (0-20 cm was a mixed sample of mixed-based biochar and soil), B (0-10 cm was a mixed sample of mixed-based biochar and soil and 10-20 cm was soil), and C (0-10 cm was soil and 10-20 cm was a mixed sample of mixed-based biochar and soil)), four application amounts (0% (control, CK), 1%, 2%, and 4% of mixed-based biochar in dry soil), and two particle sizes (0.05-0.25 mm (S1) and <0.05 mm (S2)) of mixed-based biochar on water infiltration and evaporation of aeolian sandy soil. We separately used five infiltration models (the Philip, Kostiakov, Horton, USDA-NRCS (United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service), and Kostiakov-Lewis models) to fit cumulative infiltration and time. Compared with CK, the application of mixed-based biochar significantly reduced cumulative soil water infiltration. Under application patterns A, B, and C, the higher the application amount and the finer the particle size were, the lower the migration speed of the wetting front. With the same application amount, cumulative soil water infiltration under application pattern A was the lowest. Taking infiltration for 10 min as an example, the reductions of cumulative soil water infiltration under the treatments of A2%(S2), A4%(S1), A4%(S2), A1%(S1), C2%(S1), and B1%(S1) were higher than 30%, which met the requirements of loess soil hydraulic parameters suitable for plant growth. The five infiltration models well fitted the effects of the treatments of application pattern C and S1 particle size (R2>0.980), but the R2 values of the Horton model exceeded 0.990 for all treatments (except for the treatment B2%(S2)). Compared with CK, all other treatments reduced cumulative soil water infiltration, except for B4%(S2). With the same application amount, cumulative soil water evaporation difference between application patterns A and B was small. Treatments of application pattern C and S1 particle size caused a larger reduction in cumulative soil water evaporation. The reductions in cumulative soil water evaporation under the treatments of C4%(S1), C4%(S2), C2%(S1), and C2%(S2) were over 15.00%. Therefore, applying 2% of mixed-based biochar with S1 particle size to the underlying layer (10-20 cm) could improve soil water infiltration while minimizing soil water evaporation. Moreover, application pattern was the main factor affecting soil water infiltration and evaporation. Further, there were interactions among the three influencing factors in the infiltration process (application amount×particle size with the most important interaction), while there were no interactions among them in the evaporation process. The results of this study could contribute to the rational application of mixed-based biochar in aeolian sandy soil and the resource utilization of urban and agricultural wastes in mining areas. 相似文献
15.
Tongtong WANG 《干旱区科学》2017,9(5):701-711
As a soil amendment, biochar can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and alter soil aggregates and thus affect the infiltration. Researchers have proposed and revised several theoretical models to describe the process of soil infiltration. Although these models have been successfully used to evaluate the soil infiltration in different scenarios in agricultural fields, little effort has been devoted to assess their performances in arid and semi-arid soils after the addition of biochar. A laboratory experiment was performed to study the infiltration characteristics of two typical Loess Plateau soils at three particle sizes(2–1, 1–0.25, and 0.25 mm) and five biochar application amounts(0, 10, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg). The performance of five models(i.e., the Philip model, Kostiakov model, Mezencev model, USDA-NRCS model, and Horton model) in simulating the infiltration process was then evaluated based on the adjusted coefficient of determination and a reduced Chi-Square test. Results indicated that the Horton model best simulated the water-infiltration process in an aeolian sandy soil with added biochar. However, the Mezencev model best simulated the infiltration process in a loamy clay soil(Eum-Orthic Anthrosol). The three-parameter model, i.e., Mezencev and Horton models can better describe the relationship between cumulative infiltration and infiltration time. In conclusion, biochar reduced the soil infiltration capacity of the aeolian sandy soil and increased that of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol. 相似文献
16.
考虑土体颗粒运动的承压含水层单井抽水数学模型及其解析分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于承压含水层单井抽水引起的含水层变形问题,以单元体变形为基础,建立了考虑含水层中颗粒运动的承压含水层单井抽水数学模型;提出了颗粒运动函数的概念,对特定的定解条件给出了解析解;推求出单井抽水含水层颗粒位移量的计算公式,通过算例对该模型进行了分析。结果表明,井壁颗粒逸出易导致井周含水层颗粒的较大位移;当抽水井井壁无颗粒逸出时,颗粒位移量的最大值并不在井壁处,而且,随着抽水时间的延续,其最大值也逐渐增大,其位置也向远离井周的方向推移。该模型可用于对抽水引起的地面沉降进行系统的预测和定量计算。 相似文献