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沪茄二号和沪茄三号是适宜国内外茄子设施栽培地区和露地种植的优良茄子杂交一代.沪茄二号单果重153.0 g,每株座果数18.7个.沪茄三号单果重166.5 g,每株座果数16.1个.以上两个杂交一代均表现早熟,果实长棒形,果皮深紫黑色,光泽强,果形直,商品性优良,果实干物质含量和可溶性总糖高,持续结果能力强,前期产量和总产量高等优良综合性状. 相似文献
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1 优良品种 羽黑一口丸茄子:日本育成,叶片较小,节间短,枝条开张,果实长椭圆形浓紫黑色,单果重10 g左右,极早熟,花后10天可采收. 山紫长茄:日本育成,株形半直立,侧枝多,叶片较大,节间短.果实细长,长15～16 cm,单果重50～55g. 相似文献
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土壤水分状况对温室青茄水分利用和外观品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定温室青茄优质高效的灌溉指标, 采用小区试验方法, 研究了不同生育阶段土壤水分状况对滴灌条件下温室青茄耗水量、产量、水分利用效率及果实外观品质的影响。研究结果表明, 任何时段水分亏缺均会降低青茄的耗水量; 温室青茄果实大小、坐果数以及最终产量均随水分亏缺程度的增大而减小, 产量、水分利用均与耗水量呈现良好的二次抛物线关系, 最优耗水量在307.12~339.59 mm 之间。当青茄土壤水分(占田间持水量的百分比)下限控制在苗期60%~70%、开花坐果期和成熟采摘期均为70%时, 产量及坐果率较高, 水分利用效率较佳, 可作为滴灌条件下温室青茄适宜的土壤水分控制指标。 相似文献
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采收时间对玫瑰茄萼片产量及营养成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确玫瑰茄最佳采收时间,以玫瑰茄种质M3和M5为试验材料,对不同采收时间玫瑰茄的萼片产量和原花青素、单宁等营养成分含量进行分析。结果表明,随着采收时间推迟,2份种质的萼片产量和营养成分含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势。M3的鲜果重、鲜萼片重均在开花后21 d达到最大值,分别为12.82 g和7.75 g,干萼片重在开花后28 d达到最大值,为0.98 g;M5的鲜果重在开花后21 d达到最大值,为6.97 g,鲜萼片重、干萼片重均在开花后28 d达到最大值,分别为3.90 g和0.47 g,以采收花萼为目的时,适宜采收期为开花后21~28 d。M3萼片的原花青素含量在开花后35 d时最高,达2 180.00 mg·kg-1,M5在开花后21 d时最高,达573.50 mg·kg-1,以提取原花青素为目的采收时,M3和M5的适宜采收期分别为开花后35 d和开花后21 d。M3的单宁含量在开花后28~35 d时最高,达2.30 g·kg-1, M5在开花后42 d时最高,达1.38 g·kg-1,以提取单宁为目的采收时,M3和M5的适宜采收期分别为开花后28~35 d和开花后42 d。综上,玫瑰茄的适宜采收时间为开花后一个月左右(28~35 d)。本研究可为玫瑰茄合理采收提供参考依据。 相似文献
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通过A n tim yc in A17对纯培养条件下及回接茄子褐纹病菌[P hom op sis vex ans(Sacc.et Syd)H arter]的影响,发现A n tim yc in A17对茄褐纹病菌菌丝及其甲型孢子都有较强的抑制作用,其抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为0.1000μg/mL和0.0166μg/mL;经A n tim yc in A17处理过的菌丝体所形成的甲型孢子,其萌发力和形态都较正常孢子有很大差别。 相似文献
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高产油量油菜新品种沪油039的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过提高油菜品种的含油率,培育高产、高产油量的双低油菜新品种。以高含油率的油菜品种(系)栅048和沪油16为亲本,采用品种间复合杂交和辐射诱变相结合的方法,育成高产油量双低油菜新品种沪油039,2012年通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种产油量高,在上海市油菜区域试验中,二年平均产油量1407.63kg/hm2,比对照增产15.86%;在全国油菜区域试验中,产油量1198.65kg/hm2,比对照增产3.50%;沪油039抗病性与对照相仿,品质优良,适合在长江下游地区种植。 相似文献
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为筛选适宜在河西走廊地区发展的桃抗寒栽培优良品种。在嘉峪关市文殊镇建立区域试验点,对甘露暑蜜、紫胭瑞阳、紫胭瑞秋等6个桃新品种(系)进行了低温冻害、越冬后抽条、花芽冻害等生态适应性研究。结果表明,甘露暑蜜、紫胭瑞阳抽条指数和花芽受冻指数均< 20%,紫胭瑞秋抽条指数和花芽受冻指数< 30%;甘露暑蜜果实发育期105 d(8月中旬成熟),为中熟普通桃品种,平均单果重为268.5 g,可溶性固形物含量为135.6 g/kg;紫胭瑞阳果实发育期135 d(8月底成熟),为中晚熟油桃品种,平均单果重166.9 g,可溶性固形物含量为214.1 g/kg ;紫胭瑞秋果实发育期145 d(9月中旬成熟),为晚熟油桃品种,平均单果重117.3 g,可溶性固形物含量为221.0 g/kg 。以上3个品种品质优良,生态适应性强,可在嘉峪关或同类地区栽植。 相似文献
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杂交育种是马铃薯新品种选育的重要方法, 其杂种F1真实性鉴定是获得目标性状单株的关键环节。为选育优质、高产、抗病性及抗旱性强的马铃薯新品种, 用马铃薯品种"费乌瑞它"(Favorita)分别与"J07-6"和"陇薯3号"杂交, 获得了杂种F1代。本试验利用SSR标记技术对"Favorita"×"J07-6"、"Favorita"×"陇薯3号"2个杂交组合F1共86个单株的真实性进行了鉴定。试验从43对SSR引物中筛选出2对适宜引物STM1049和S7。利用这2对引物进行PCR扩增, 将"Favorita"×"J07-6"杂交种F1和"Favorita"×"陇薯3号"杂交种F1的SSR带型划分为双亲互补型、缺失型、父本型和母本型4种类型。依据SSR带型特征, 从"Favorita"×"J07-6"和"Favorita"×"陇薯3号"2个杂交组合F1单株中分别鉴定出真杂种34个和27个, SSR分子标记技术用于马铃薯杂交种真实性鉴定是可靠的。该研究结果可为马铃薯杂交种优良株系选育提供依据。 相似文献
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为阐明杂种一代在氮素吸收方面的优势,研究了不同氮效率茄子基因型及其杂种 F1的氮素吸收特性。试验以3个典型氮效率的茄子基因型及其F1代为材料,研究其在正常供氮和低氮胁迫条件下的根系体积、根系干重、氮素吸收总量、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性及谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。结果表明,与高氮低效-低氮低效基因型L相比,氮高效基因型H1、H2的单株根系体积、根系干重、根系活力以及氮素吸收总量均较大; 且具有较高的硝酸还原酶与谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。三个杂交组合F1-1（L×H1）、F1-2（L×H2）和F1-3（H1×H2）的单株根系体积、根系干重、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性以及氮素吸收总量的中亲优势（Hm）和超亲优势（Hp）多为正向优势; 其中,组合F1-3杂种优势最为明显。利用杂种在氮素吸收方面的优势,对于改善植株体内的氮代谢水平进而提高氮效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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施钾对青引1号燕麦草产量及根系的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在缺钾地区，开展了不同施钾对青引1号燕麦（Avena sativa cv. Qingyin No.1）干物质产量和根系的影响，找出最佳施钾量，为青海省燕麦种子生产提供依据。结果表明，在施N 54.75 kg/hm2和施P2O5 51.75 kg/hm2的基础上，施K2O 40 kg/hm2，青引1号燕麦开花期收获时可获得最高的干物质产量和蛋白产量，分别为29575.0和2099.8 kg/hm2，二者均符合Y=a+bK+cK2函数变化。施K2O 40 kg/hm2，青引1号燕麦株高、总分蘖数、根长和根数最大，分别为184.5 cm、3.22个/株、15.90 cm和26.17 条/株； 施K2O 20 kg/hm2时，植株茎粗和根量达最大，分别为0.585 cm和0.540 g/株。各产量性状、地下生物量以及饲草和蛋白产量间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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Mohammed W. M. Elwan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1593-1604
To overcome salinity stress, a factorial experiment block design (4 × 7) was done on eggplant cv. ‘Topaz F1’ to investigate the effects of foliar sprays of di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate (K2HPO4; 0 and 10 mM) on growth, yield and chemical composition under sodium chloride (NaCl; 0 and 50 mM) stress. Sodium chloride treatment produced less vegetative growth, dry matter, total sugar content and fruit yield as compared with those in control. However, free phenols increased in fruit by salinity treatment. Spraying K2HPO4 ameliorated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth, fruit yield, and fruit total sugar content. Sodium content increased by salinity and the sodium uptake did not reduce by application of K2HPO4. While spraying of K2HPO4 lowered the sodium accumulation in fruit. Potassium and calcium content in all plant parts and phosphorus, in shoot only were in the deficient ranges in plants treated with NaCl and these deficiencies were corrected by foliar application of K2HPO4. 相似文献
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AbstractWe investigated the effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on the fruit quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Malas-E–Torsh in Saveh). Potassium was applied as KNO3 at concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, and 0.5% and zinc was applied as ZnSO4 at concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, and 1% in a completely randomized block design. To determine the effect of the treatments on fruit quality, we measured fruit weight, peel thickness, aril diameter, phenol content of the juice, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and antioxidant capacity. Foliar application of KNO3 significantly increased fruit weight, 100 aril weight, peel weight, peel thickness, TTS, and antioxidant capacity. In contrast, pH, TA, TSS/TA, and phenol content of the juice were not influenced by foliar application of KNO3. ZnSO4 significantly increased fruit weight, aril diameter, and phenol content of the juice. KNO3 1% and ZnSO4 0.5% were identified as the most appropriate treatments in improving quality and quantity of pomegranate. The fatty acid profile of the pomegranate oil was primarily composed of punicic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. 相似文献
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Youli Yao Yoshinori Yamamoto Yulong Wang Tetsushi Yoshida Akira Miyazaki Youji Nitta 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):951-962
Heterosis in the number of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets in two important Chinese F1 hybrids Shanyou 63 (SY63) and Yayou 2 (YY2) and their parents was observed under solution culture conditions. The results indicated that the number of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets all showed a very high value for mid-parental (MP) heterosis in the hybrids at both panicle and plant levels. The increase in the number of surviving spikelets primarily depended on that of the number of differentiated spikelets. The percentage of degenerated spikelets showed a positive value for MP and higher-parental (HP) heterosis (increase) in SY63, while it showed a negative value for MP and HP heterosis (decrease) in YY2. Morphologically, the components of the number of surviving spikelets increased in the hybrids, especially the number of surviving secondary rachis branches. Dry matter production at heading showed a high value for MP and HP heterosis. However, the ratio of dry matter weight to the number of differentiated spikelets did not show a MP heterosis. The hybrids showed a lower percentage of degenerated spikelets for the same ratio of dry matter weight to the number of differentiated spikelets. The N uptake in the hybrids showed a MP and HP heterosis, but the efficiency of the N in producing the number of surviving spikelets showed a negative value for MP and HP heterosis. The MP and HP heterosis in the sink-source ratio of the number of surviving spikelets to the leaf area varied considerably with the combinations. These findings suggested that still many characters could be further improved in F1 hybrid rice. 相似文献
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Muhammad Farrukh Saleem Muhammad Faisal Bilal Shakeel Ahmad Anjum Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza Mudassar Maqbool Azhar Ghaffari 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):156-166
Removal of early fruiting branches with greater potassium doses caused more source and no sink at early stages of growth, leading to improved yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits in Bt cotton. The study used manual alteration of plant architecture (F1, no branch removal; F2, removal of first fruiting branch; F3, removal of first and second fruiting branches; F4, removal of all squares from first fruiting branch; F5, removal of all squares from first and second fruiting branches) and potassium rates (50, 100, and 150 kg ha?1) in a randomized complete block design and was repeated for 2 years (2011 and 2012). Increasing potassium application increased total bolls per plant and cotton yield to the greatest levels in F3 and F5, against lowest level in the control. Ginning out turn, fiber length, seed oil, and seed protein content were influenced by fruiting branch or square removal but the difference was less. Increasing potassium improved seed and fiber quality. 相似文献
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Conservation tillage crop production systems have become common in the central Great Plains because they reduce soil erosion and increase water‐use efficiency. The high residue levels associated with no‐tillage systems can cause soils to be cool and wet which can reduce nutrient uptake and growth of crops. Starter fertilizer applications have been effective in improving nutrient uptake even on soils high in available nutrient elements. Resent research indicates that corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids differ in their responses to starter fertilizer. No information is currently available concerning grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrid response to starter fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate grain sorghum hybrid responses to starter fertilizer in a no‐tillage environment on a soil high in available phosphorus (P). This field experiment was conducted from 1995 to 1997 at the North Central Kansas Experiment Field, located near Belleville, on a Crete silt loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Pachic Arguistoll). Treatments consisted of 12 grain sorghum hybrids and two starter fertilizer treatments. Fertilizer treatments were starter fertilizer [34 kg nitrogen (N) and 34 kg P2O5 ha‐1] or no starter fertilizer. Starter fertilizer was applied 5 cm to the side and 5 cm below the seed at planting. Immediately after planting, N was balanced on all plots to give a total of 168 kg N ha‐1. In all three years of the experiment, grain yield, total P uptake (grain plus stover), grain moisture content at harvest, and days to mid‐bloom were affected by a hybrid x starter fertilizer interaction. Starter fertilizer consistently increased yields, reduced harvest grain moisture, improved total P uptake, and reduced the number of days needed from emergence to mid‐bloom of Pioneer 8505, Pioneer 8522Y, Pioneer 8310, Dekalb 40Y, Dekalb 48, Dekalb 51, Dekalb 55, and Northrup King 524, buthadno effect on Pioneer 8699, Dekalb 39Y, Northrup King 383Y, and Northrup King 735. When averaged over the three years, starter fertilizer increased grain yield of responding hybrids (hybrids in which the 3‐year average grain yield was significantly increased by the application of starter fertilizer) by 920 kg ha‐1. In responding hybrids, starter fertilizer reduced grain moisture at harvest by 54 g kg1 and also shortened the period from emergence to mid‐bloom by five days. Starter fertilizer increased V6 stage aboveground dry matter production and N and P uptake of all hybrids tested. Results of this work show that in high residue production systems even on soils high in available P, starter fertilizer can consistently increase yield of some hybrids, whereas other hybrids are not affected. 相似文献
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Grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (1.) Moench has not been fully evaluated for its variability in nitrogen efficiency. A 2‐year study using 12 hybrids was conducted and nitrogen efficiency was calculated as: 1. total dry matter (DM) per unit N uptake (NE1), 2. total grain yield per unit N uptake (NE2), and 3. the product of NE2 and the grain N:stover N ratio (NE3). NE1 values increased with plant age and were significantly different among hybrids at all stages of growth. A 20% difference in NE1 was found between the least and most efficient hybrids at maturity. A significant hybrid x year interaction showed that the environment strongly influenced hybrid ranking. Hybrids which ranked high in one year often did poorly the other year and visa versa for NE1, NE2, or NE3. Each N efficiency criterion ranked the hybrids differently, although NE1 and NE2 appeared to be the most closely related. Hybrids generally maintained satisfactory values for NE3 if one parent (either male or female) had a high NE3 value in hybrid combination. Differences were more dramatic for partitioning of N between grain and stover than for NE values among hybrids. Due to environmental influences, it appears that at least 3 or more years of data may be needed in order to establish consistent trends for N efficiency in grain sorghum. 相似文献
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Ephraim Zipelevish Avihail Grinberge Shimshon Amar Yehoshua Gilbo Uzi Kafkafi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):431-442
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown under winter conditions in unheated polyethylene covered greenhouse displays unmarketable red color fruit skin. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of potassium (K), phosphate and total salinity levels in the irrigation solution on the quality of eggplant fruit grown at winter and spring seasons. Eggplant was grown in containers filled with basalt erupted tuff scoria. The fertigation solutions were composed of three levels of P: 18, 36, and 54 g P m‐3, using mono K phosphate (MKP). Each level of P was applied on two levels of total K concentrations, 475 and 920 g K m‐3 composed of K nitrate, MKP, and K chloride (KCl). The KNO3 fertilizer was used in all treatments at 150 g N m‐3. Increasing the KCl concentration increased the average electrical conductivity (EC) in the irrigation solution from 2.3 to 3.9 dS m‐1, reduced class A fruit number and weight, but had no effect on the skin color. During the cold winter period the intensity of the skin color was weaker than in the normal hot growing period. Increasing the average phosphorus (P) concentration in the irrigation solution throughout the growing season from 36 to 54 g m‐3 increased the number of fruit per plant, the number of class A fruits but has no significant effect on total fruit yield. Increasing the total electrical conductivity of the nutrient solutions by K fertilizers above 3.8 dS m‐1 decreased fruit yield and total dry matter in the spring growth period. 相似文献