共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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针对花生播种向精准、高速方向发展过程中高速作业状态下花生种子充种效果差的问题,设计了一种气力辅助充种式花生精量排种器,重点设计了排种器排种盘结构和气力辅助充种结构。针对颗粒尺寸大、质量大的花生种子,通过对花生种子在排种器中堆积现象与充种时间进行分析,得出花生高速排种充种过程需增强充种性能,从而提高充种效率。通过对花生种子进行充种原理分析,阐明花生种子充种过程中种子与排种器的运动关系与受力关系,分析充种过程影响因素。通过设计带有导种槽的排种盘和带有辅助吹种型孔的辅助充种结构,分析计算排种盘吸种孔、导种槽的关键结构参数以及辅助吹种型孔参数与排列方式。以充种合格率和充种漏充率为指标,进行三因素三水平组合试验,对试验结果进行多元回归分析,以最优目标进行优化,确定排种盘最佳参数组合为排种器吸种负压5.156 kPa、花生高速播种机前进速度8.007 km/h、扰动吹种正压1.149 kPa,此时,花生充种合格率为95.84%、漏充率为4.06%,能够实现花生种子有效充种。 相似文献
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内充种式花生排种器排种性能的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内充种式花生排种器在花生穴播播种中有着广泛的应用.为此,对该排种器进行了排种性能试验,采用多因素多水平设计,研究了排种器的结构参数对排种性能的影响,得出了排种器的合格率、重播率和株距变异系数等主要性能指标与试验因素之间的回归模型.运用Matlab6.5软件对该回归模型进行了图形化处理和参数优化分析,进而得出了最优参数组合,为排种器的改进设计提供了依据. 相似文献
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《农机化研究》2021,43(5)
以内充式花生排种器为研究对象,研究花生种子尺寸及排种轮转速对内充式花生排种器性能的影响。介绍了排种器的工作过程,建立了花生种子和排种器的仿真模型。选取3种不同尺寸的花生种子(鲁花11号、小白沙、四粒红)、7个转速(15、20、25、30、35、40、45 r/min)为因素,以单粒率、双粒率和多粒率为指标,应用EDEM软件对排种器的排种性能进行虚拟仿真试验,分析了排种过程中造成不同尺寸种子产生单粒率、多粒率的主要原因。仿真结果表明:排种轮转速和种子尺寸对排种器的排种性能有较大的影响;在转速为15～45r/min时,鲁花11号的排种性能最好,小白沙的排种性能次之,四粒红的排种性能较差。台架试验数据表明:仿真结果与实际情况相差很小,可为后续优化排种器的关键结构提供理论参考。 相似文献
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根据包衣、播种的农艺要求，研制了振动—离心式包衣排种器，通过试验测定找出排种器主要部件的最佳设计参数。包衣排种器能够在种子播种作业时，一次完成种子包衣、播种作业，省去了包衣、烘干等过程。台架试验结果表明：该排种器各项性能均能达到包衣、播种要求，并且能满足高速作业要求。 相似文献
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内侧充种圆盘排种器防伤种装置的设计 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
内侧充种圆盘排种器在花生播种等方面有着广泛的应用,但中高速度下播种效果不理想,原因是充种区种子易卡滞,护种板入口处未清净种子分离不清易发生磕种。为此,在原有排种器的基础上,添加了辅助充种装置,在清种区与护种板入口处衔接位置设计出一种全新的防伤种隔种板,并就隔种板橡胶的特性、排种盘转速这两个影响新设计性能的因素进行了理论分析。基于JPS-12型排种器试验台,对改进后的排种器进行了排种性能试验,测得重播率、漏播率、破碎率等主要性能指标。试验表明,改进后的内充种式圆盘排种器在15cm和20 cm两理论粒距水平下均达到优等品标准。 相似文献
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预切种式甘蔗横向排种器设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实现蔗种精准横向播种,设计了一种预切种式甘蔗横向排种器。通过对蔗种在排种器中的运动分析和基于Recurdyn软件的排种器运动仿真,探究排种器传送链轴转速、提升传送链倾角和集蔗箱倾角对排种性能的影响。利用自制的简易链式甘蔗排种器试验平台,对排种器的一级链轴转速、传送链倾角和集蔗箱倾角等参数进行试验研究,结果表明:传送链倾角和一级链轴转速对排种性能具有极显著的影响,集蔗箱倾角对排种性能的影响不显著;排种性能的最优参数组合为传送链倾角55°、链轴转速9.16 r/min、集蔗箱倾角45°。室内验证试验表明,排种器的合格率为92.6%、漏植率为5%、重植率为3.2%,说明排种器能有效避免排种过程的重植和漏植现象,减少播种过程的耗种量。田间验证试验表明,排种方向合格率93.37%,排种株距合格率90.33%,排种株距在33～49.5cm的合理株距范围内,实现了双蔗芽蔗种的精准横向播种。 相似文献
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《农机化研究》2021,43(10)
针对气吸式花生排种器吸种时种孔接触不充分、易漏播的问题,设计了一种基于夹持式的气吸式花生排种器。排种器在携种区能够利用携种器夹持种子,起到辅助携种的作用。通过对排种盘吸种孔进行改进,从而使种孔充分接触以保证吸力,同时增大了吸种孔与种子之间的摩擦。对气吸式花生排种器进行了加工试制,并在JPS-12排种器性能检测试验台上进行了试验。结果表明:排种盘转速、气吸室真空度和吸种孔直径的变化对气吸式花生排种器的排种性能影响较大,当排种盘转速为19.36r/min、真空度为4.78kPa、吸种孔直径为6.4mm时,排种器排种性能最优,此时合格指数为92.36%,漏播指数为0.97%,重播指数为6.67%,排种效果可以很好地满足我国花生的种植要求,为气吸式花生排种器的进一步改进和发展提供了研究基础。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献