共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 851 毫秒
1.
基于变异系数TOPSIS法的土地利用效益测度研究——以武汉城市圈为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从社会效益、经济效益、生态效益和环境效益四方面,构建土地利用效益评价体系,采用变异系数TOPSIS法和耦合协调度模型,对武汉城市圈土地利用效益和耦合协调度进行实证分析。结果显示:(1)武汉城市圈土地利用效益具有两级分化明显区域差异悬殊的特征。社会经济效益以其他城市的低级效益为主,武汉的优良效益为辅,生态环境效益以其他城市的良好效益为主,鄂州的低级效益为辅,而综合效益则以其他城市的中度效益为主,鄂州的低级效益和武汉的优良效益为辅;(2)武汉城市圈土地利用效益耦合度均处于拮抗阶段,且区域差异较小;(3)武汉城市圈土地利用效益耦合协调度区域差异较显著,包括中度协调耦合和高度协调耦合两种类型。武汉处于高度协调耦合阶段,其他城市处于中度协调耦合阶段。 相似文献
2.
城市土地利用综合效益耦合分析——以武汉市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实现社会经济效益和生态环境效益的均衡发展,是全面协调可持续发展的必然要求。在深入分析土地利用效益评价等有关理论的基础上,结合武汉市土地利用现状,从土地产出的综合效益均衡角度,形成了由社会经济效益和生态环境效益两个子系统构成的评价指标体系,采用主成分分析法确定各指标权重,对武汉市土地利用社会经济效益和生态环境效益进行评价;再构建武汉市土地利用的社会经济效益与生态环境效益的耦合模型,辨识两者之间的协调关系,分析两者之间的协调程度。研究结果显示,1996—2010年武汉市土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益均呈上升态势,其中社会经济效益表现出起点低、增幅大、速度快的特征,而生态环境效益则呈现出起点较高,增幅较大,在波动中稳定上升的特点。土地利用社会经济和生态环境效益耦合度评价结果显示,在1996—2010年,武汉市城市土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益的耦合演化进程近似于对数曲线,从形成初期的不协调至激烈博弈后的利益分化,之后经历相对最佳协调后,又逐渐向不协调发展并呈现新的演化特点。 相似文献
3.
哈尔滨市土地利用效益耦合关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
定量研究城市土地利用效益之间的耦合规律,是建立有效协调机制的关键,为城市土地利用总体规划的制订和城市的可持续发展提供重要依据。土地利用效益包括土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益,以哈尔滨市域为研究区,运用多指标综合评价法计算2000—2009年哈尔滨市土地利用社会经济效益与生态环境效益综合值,基于系统理论建立了二者之间的耦合模型,用耦合度来表达这两种效益之间的协调程度。结果表明:哈尔滨市土地利用效益的耦合度演化分为3个阶段,2000—2002年,土地利用效益耦合度从－30.62°快速增长到67.28°,从低级共生到协调发展,2002—2005年,耦合度从67.28°上升到85.14°,即从最佳协调状态向不甚协调状态发展。2005—2009年,耦合度为85.14°～86.85°,土地利用效益的协调程度有所下降。 相似文献
4.
城市土地集约利用综合效益演化研究——以湖北省咸宁市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开展城市土地利用效益评价有助于衡量城市土地集约利用水平,实现城市土地的高效协调利用。从社会效益、经济效益、生态效益和环境效益4个方面,构建了城市土地集约利用效益评价体系,采用熵值法确定了指标权重,对咸宁市1999—2008年的城市土地集约利用效益及协调度进行了综合评价。结果表明:（1）咸宁市城市土地集约利用社会效益、经济效益和生态效益明显增加,环境效益快速下降,综合效益稳步上升。（2）城市土地集约利用效益协调度除最初两年处于极不协调和不协调状态外,其他时间均处于基本协调或比较协调状态。鉴于此,提出了加大产业结构调整、提高城市土地集约利用程度和加强生态环境保护等相应的对策建议。 相似文献
5.
京津冀地区城市土地集约利用与城镇化耦合协调关系研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以京津冀地区作为研究区域,建立城市土地集约利用指标体系与城镇化指标体系,采用均方差权值法,并建立耦合协调模型,计算2011年13个地级以上城市的土地集约利用和城镇化指数及二者的耦合度和协调发展度。按照耦合协调度的高低将13个城市划分为4大类;每个大类内部再按照城市土地集约利用与城镇化指数的关系,分为城市土地集约利用滞后和城镇化滞后的2个亚类。结果表明:京津冀地区城市土地集约利用和城镇化之间关系密切,二者相互作用,但并非同步发展;城市土地集约利用程度与城镇化耦合程度基本上处于颉颃阶段,耦合协调度水平总体不高,区域差异明显。 相似文献
6.
宁夏回族自治区生态环境与经济发展耦合协调研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究区域生态环境与社会经济协调发展状况,以宁夏回族自治区为例,通过构建评价指标体系,综合运用熵权法、耦合协调度模型、剪刀差方法以及耦合度模型对宁夏生态环境与社会经济发展状况、耦合协调水平以及耦合度演化趋势进行了综合分析。结果显示:研究期间宁夏生态环境系统综合发展指数呈波动上升的变化趋势,社会经济发展水平逐年上升;耦合协调指数由0.3225上升至0.5962,说明区域生态环境与社会经济的关系不断缓和,趋向于协调发展;剪刀差呈先减后增的“U”型变化趋势,说明两系统发展差异呈先减小后增大的变化态势;宁夏生态环境与社会经济发展耦合度介于(45°,90°],说明两系统处于协调发展阶段,而耦合度整体呈上升态势,说明经济发展与生态环境之间的矛盾开始显现。基于耦合模型所建立的耦合协调度,较好地反映了宁夏生态环境与社会经济之间交互胁迫的耦合发展过程,对于正确认识宁夏生态与经济系统耦合发展规律,促进宁夏生态与经济协调发展具有重大意义。 相似文献
7.
利用2009~2013年相关数据,在城市生态环境与农村生态环境耦合协调关系评价指标体系构建的基础上,运用熵权法确定指标权重,同时引入耦合度与耦合协调度模型,定量计算云南城市生态环境与农村生态环境的耦合度与耦合协调度,并结合耦合度阶段与协调度类型划分标准对两者间的耦合协调关系进行定量评价。研究表明:从综合指数看,云南城市生态环境综合指数波动较大,农村生态环境综合指数变化比较平稳,且城市生态环境综合指数增幅小于农村生态环境综合指数增幅;从耦合度看,云南出现由农村生态环境滞后向城市生态环境滞后的转变,城市生态环境与农村生态环境耦合度经历了从磨合阶段到高水平耦合阶段的变化,两系统间的发展方向越趋有序,关系越趋稳定;从协调度看,云南城市生态环境与农村生态环境协调度呈上升趋势,耦合协调类型从低度协调转变为中度协调并最终呈现良好协调的发展态势。 相似文献
8.
[目的]探究甘肃省庆阳市土地集约利用与土地利用结构之间的协调关系,为该市土地利用结构优化和社会经济的可持续发展提供理论依据。[方法]以庆阳市为例,采用多因素综合评价法计算2007—2016年土地集约利用、土地利用结构的综合指数,应用耦合协调模型,分析二者变化特征及耦合协调关系。[结果]①庆阳市土地集约利用综合指数呈上升趋势,达到了高度集约利用水平。②庆阳市土地利用结构信息熵总体呈下降趋势,均衡度逐渐降低,优势度逐渐增强。③土地集约利用与土地利用结构耦合度呈先上升后下降的趋势,耦合协调度都呈上升趋势,二者耦合性越来越强,相对呈现出协调、稳定的发展趋势。[结论] 2007—2016年庆阳市土地集约水平总体变化呈逐年上升状态,但信息熵呈下降趋势,是由于大力开发未利用地,植树造林使得土地利用结构调整。土地集约利用和土地利用结构两系统协调度都呈上升趋势,二者耦合性越来越强。说明庆阳市在大力推动经济发展的同时,也注重提高土地利用的效率,调整土地利用结构,优化布局。 相似文献
9.
分析耕地集约利用与经济发展关系,有利于了解土地的合理利用及经济的可持续发展。依据耕地集约利用程度与经济发展之间的耦合互动特征,构建了耦合协调理论模型,对河北省自1978年以后耕地集约利用与经济发展的耦合度和协调度进行测度和耦合关系的分析。结果显示:从耦合度的时序来看,改革开放以来河北省耕地集约利用与经济发展系统基本处于相互耦合的颉颃阶段,于2010年开始进入磨合阶段;从耦合协调度的时序看,河北省耕地利用系统与经济发展系统的耦合协调程度也比较低,基本还处于中低水平。因此,河北省应加强农业及经济政策的改革完善,在保障粮食安全的前提下,适度提高耕地利用集约度,大力发展社会经济,改善人民的生活水平,维护社会安定和谐。 相似文献
10.
基于耦合理论运用模糊层次分析法和DEA方法对辽中南城市群1987—2012年城市土地利用集约度和城市化效率进行测算,然后采用耦合度和耦合效应指数进行二者耦合阶段、耦合效应的时空分析。结果表明:（1）研究期内辽中南城市群城市土地利用处于基本集约阶段,城市化效率呈波动上升态势,城市土地集约利用和城市化效率的耦合度变化曲线为浅口“U”型。（2）辽中南城市群处于弱耦合到强耦合的转化阶段。西强东弱的耦合度分布正转化为以东西方向为轴,南北对称分布的格局。表现为以沈阳、大连为高值双核心,沈大联系带上辽阳、鞍山、营口、盘锦为次高值分布,东部为低值区域。（3）耦合效应的变化趋势为从负效应到正效应的过程,城市耦合效应长期存在东、西差异。2012年城市群耦合效应出现“质”的变化,全局协调性得到优化。（4）大连的耦合阶段与耦合效应协调同步,耦合作用促进城市发展;沈阳、鞍山、盘锦耦合效益超前于耦合阶段,应适当控制城市化步伐,缓解用地压力,提高社会效益;其余城市大体处在较低耦合阶段,耦合效应没有带来积极的发展红利。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献