共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Saline wetlands are rare ecosystems in Saharan areas, which are important for conservation of many endemic and rare plant species. In this study, we investigated five saline wetland sites of the Oued Righ region, located in the northeastern Algeria, to determine the environmental factors controlling the composition and distribution of plant communities. We established a total of 20 transects to measure the vegetation parameters (density and cover) and soil characteristics (electrical conductivity, moisture, pH, CaSO4, CaCO3, organic matter, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42–, Cl–, NO3– and HCO3–). A total of 17 plant species belonging to seven families were identified. The natural vegetation was composed of halophytic and hydro-halophytic plant communities, presented specially by the species of Amaranthaceae family. Soils in the studied wetlands were moist, gypsiferous, alkaline, salty to very salty with dominance of chloride and calcium. Results of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that community structure and species distribution patterns of vegetation were mainly dependent on soil characteristics, mainly being soil salinity (CaSO4, K+, Ca2+ and Cl–) and moisture. The distribution of plant species was found to follow a specific zonal pattern. Halocnemum strobilaceum was observed to grow in highly salt-affected soils, thus being the more salt-tolerant species. Phragmites communis plants were widely distributed in the study area with a high density at the edges of accumulated water body. Juncus maritimus, Tamarix gallica and Salicornia fructicosa grew in soils that are partially or completely flooded in winter. Suaeda fructicosa, Traganum nudatum, Arthrocnemum glaucum, Aeluropus littoralis, Cressa cretica and Cynodon dactylon were distributed in salty and moist soils away from the open water body. Plants of Zygophyllum album, Limonastrirum guyonianum, Cornulaca monacantha, Cistanche tinctoria, Mollugo nudicaulis and Sonchus maritimus were found in soils with less salty and moisture. They constituted the outermost belt of vegetation in the studied wetlands. This study will provide a reference on introducing the salt-tolerant plant species as a fodder resource in saline habitats and regenerating the degraded saline wetlands. 相似文献
2.
Ecological restoration by Tamarix plants on semi-arid saline lands affects the accumulation, distribution patterns and related mechanisms of soil water content and salinity. In this study, spatio-temporal variations of soil water content and salinity around natural individual Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. were invetigated in a semi-arid saline region of the upper Yellow River, Northwest China. Specifically, soil water content, electrical conductivity(EC_e), sodium adsorption ratio(SAR_e), and salt ions(including Na~+, K~+, Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) and SO_4~(2–)) were measured at different soil depths and at different distances from the trunk of T. ramosissima in May, July, and September 2016. The soil water content at the 20–80 cm depth was significantly lower in July and September than in May, indicating that T. ramosissima plants absorb a large amount of water through the roots during the growing period, leading to the decreasing of soil water content in the deep soil layer. At the 0–20 cm depth, there was a salt island effect around individual T. ramosissima, and the EC_e differed significantly inside and outside the canopy of T. ramosissima in May and July. Salt bioaccumulation and stemflow were two major contributing factors to this difference. The SAR_e at the 0–20 cm depth was significantly different inside and outside the canopy of T. ramosissima in the three sampling months. The values of SAR_e at the 60–80 cm depth in May and July were significantly higher than those at the 0–60 cm depth and higher than that at the corresponding depth in September. The distribution of Na~+ in the soil was similar to that of the SAR_e, while the concentrations of K~+, Ca~(2+), and Mg~(2+) showed significant differences among the sampling months and soil depths. Both season and soil depth had highly significant effects on soil water content, EC_e and SAR_e, whereas distance from the trunk of T. ramosissima only significantly affected EC_e. Based on these results, we recommend co-planting of shallow-rooted salt-tolerant species near the Tamarix plants and avoiding planting herbaceous plants inside the canopy of T. ramosissima for afforestation in this semi-arid saline region. The results of this study may provide a reference for appropriate restoration in the semi-arid saline regions of the upper Yellow River. 相似文献
3.
对河套灌区小美旱杨(Populus popular’s)防护林叶、一年生枝、根、心材、边材和多年生枝的可溶盐离子含量进行试验研究,主要结论为:各部位无CO32-。各部位可溶盐离子含量的季节动态呈现一定的共性,各个部位的阴离子季节动态相似,均呈现倒峰型;在叶和一年生枝中,Ca2+呈递减趋势,K+和Na+反之;在根、多年生枝、心材和边材中,Ca2+和Mg2+的季节动态呈倒峰型。按可溶盐离子的组成和含量,上述部位分为三类:叶;一年生枝和根;多年生枝、心材和边材。不同部位生理功能不同,离子含量也不同。叶中各离子含量明显高于其他部位,且生长季内变幅明显;多年生枝、心材和边材各离子含量较小,变幅不大;一年生枝和根的离子含量和动态介于以上两者之间。土壤和地下水的水盐动态对各部位的HCO3-、Cl-浓度影响较明显。 相似文献
4.
对实验室分离荒漠生物结皮中的具鞘微鞘藻〔Microcoleus vaginatus(Vauch.)Gom.〕、眼点伪枝藻(Scy-tonema ocellatum Lyngb)、地木耳(Nostoc commune Vauch.)3种蓝藻分别进行了培养,利用正交设计的方法研究了pH值、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+4种理化因子对其生长的影响,初步探讨了3种蓝藻在实验室内生长所需的最适生理条件。研究结果表明,具鞘微鞘藻的最适生理条件:pH值为8,Ca2+浓度为3.54×10-5mol/L,Mg2+浓度为5.1×10-5mol/L,K+浓度为1.345×10-5mol/L;眼点伪枝藻的最适生理条件为:pH值9,Ca2+浓度为1.77×10-5mol/L,Mg2+浓度为5.1×10-5mol/L,K+浓度为2.69×10-5mol/L;地木耳的最适生理条件为:pH值为10,K+浓度为5.38×10-5mol/L,Ca2+浓度为1.77×10-5mol/L,Mg2+浓度为1.02×10-4mol/L。 相似文献
5.
Interactions between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors in the Great Salt Desert of central Iran
Hossein BASHARI Seyed Mehrdad KAZEMI Soghra POODINEH Mohammad R MOSADDEGHI Mostafa TARKESH Seyed Mehdi ADNANI 《干旱区科学》2021,13(2):123-134
Investigating the relationships between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors provide management insights into factors affecting the growth and establishment of plant species and vegetation communities in saline areas.The aim of this study was to assess the spatial variability of various vegetation communities in relation to edaphic factors in the Great Salt Desert,central Iran.Fifteen vegetation communities were identified using the physiognomy-floristic method.Coverage and density of vegetation communities were determined using the transect plot method.Forty soil samples were collected from major horizons of fifteen profiles in vegetation communities,and analyzed in terms of following soil physical and chemical characteristics:soil texture,soluble Na+concentration,sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),electrical conductivity(EC),pH,organic matter content,soluble Mg2+and Ca2+concentrations,carbonate and gypsum contents,and spontaneously-and mechanically-dispersible clay contents.Redundancy analysis was used to investigate the relationships between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors.The generalized linear method(GLM)was used to find the plant species response curves against edaphic factors.Results showed that plant species responded differently to edaphic factors,in which soluble sodium concentration,EC,SAR,gypsum content and soil texture were identified as the most discriminative edaphic factors.The studied plant species were also found to have different ecological requirements and tolerance to edaphic factors,in which Tamarix aphylla and Halocnemum strobilaceum were identified as the most salt-resistant species in the region.Furthermore,the presence of Artemisia sieberi was highly related to soil sand and gypsum contents.The results implied that exploring the plant species response curves against edaphic factors can assist managers to lay out more appropriate restoration plans in similar arid areas. 相似文献
6.
中麻黄具有较强的旱生性和耐盐性 ,在逆境盐碱地栽培其经济效益、缓解天然麻黄资源破坏、减缓土地沙化的生态效益比较显著 ,是干旱区盐碱地农村调整种植结构、退耕还林的优良植物种。 相似文献
7.
西藏降水化学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1987-1988年及1997-2000年间,在西藏拉萨、定日、当雄、安多采集降雨样品及部分大气浮尘样品,分析测定了pH、电导率、CO2分压、总悬浮颗粒含量及10多种离子浓度。共测量了300场次降雨的pH值、电导率和其中60场次降雨的化学成分含量。结果显示：青藏高原降雨常呈弱碱性,1987-1988年间加权平均pH值为8．36,1997-1999年间为7．5。造成高原降雨呈弱碱性的主要原因是来自地面富含钙的粉尘。西藏是世界上空气污染最轻的地方,但是从20世纪80-90年代的降雨中,NO3^-与SO4^2-含量增加,pH值降低,表明保护这片脆弱环境的紧迫性。 相似文献
8.
白杨河-艾里克湖湿地土壤理化性质的空间分布特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对白杨河—艾里克湖湿地土壤理化性状的研究,包括土壤颗粒组成、水分含量、盐分、pH值和养分等的空间分布特征。结果表明:大范围分布的土壤主要由细砂和粉砂组成,少数由粗砂粒组成;土壤水分的空间分布特征反映了白杨河河谷沿线局部干旱的现象;在艾里克湖周边发育着盐土和盐渍化土,对植物生长发育有明显的胁迫作用;土壤有机质、全N和全P总体贫乏,全K含量较高,并且有机质和水分的相关性较好,不同植被下土壤有机质含量和含水量的相关系数也不尽相同,但总体反映出干旱区湿地水在土壤有机质分解中的关键作用。 相似文献
9.
10.
Nisa Leksungnoen 《Arid Land Research and Management》2017,31(3):235-252
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of native Thai species for reclaiming salt-affected areas in Thailand. Plant species diversity in Nakhon Ratchasima Province in northeast Thailand, and their soil characteristics (texture, electrical conductivity (ECe), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and pH) were measured. A total of 19 species in 16 genera of 12 families were found, among which the most abundant species belonged to the Poaceae and Cyperaceae families. The highest values of ECe were found near the surface (0–20?cm) with an average range between 30–80?dS?m?1, while lower values in the range of 15–25?dS?m?1 were found at lower depths (20–100?cm). Soil conditions in the subplots with plant coverage showed lower ECe and ESP when compared to plots without vegetation. Seeds from the three most frequently occurring species, including Azima sarmentosa, Gymnosporia mekongensis, and Buchanania siamensis, were then tested for germination at different salinities. Seeds of all three species germinated at high salinities, from 25–45?dS?m?1, with total germination ranging 40–90%. Together with the ability to germinate at high salinities, these native species showed deep, rapid root elongation, likely to escape high surface ECe levels (approximately the top 30?cm). Planting these species in areas with vegetation coverage would aid successful reclamation of saline areas. Reclaiming salt-affected soils will not only improve local farmer’s economic status, but can also reduce the extent of deforestation, benefiting the entire ecosystem. 相似文献
11.
新疆耐盐冬小麦区域比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为新疆耐盐新品种的审定与推广提供科学依据 ,自治区种子管理站在 2 0 0 0——2 0 0 2年布置了耐盐小麦的区域品比试验。参试材料 :新冬 1 7、1 0 1、78、加 1 63、872 4 ,土壤含盐0 .8— 1 .2 5 %。通过发芽试验、盆栽试验、小区试验进行小麦耐盐比较 ;利用盐碱地和非盐碱地进行区域比较试验。结果表明 :1 0 1在 Na CL盐水中发芽的盐分浓度的临界值大于 1 .5 % ,盐敏感性小麦的盐分浓度的临界值小于 1 .0 % ;盐土盆栽中 ,常规品种适应的土壤盐分浓度的临界值在 0 .9— 1 .1 %之间 ,耐盐品系 1 0 1、78的临界值在 1 .3— 1 .5之间 ;在盐碱地上的区域试验中 ,土壤当盐分在 0 .8—— 1 .2 5 %之间时 ,耐盐小麦 1 0 1产量达 45 0 0 kg/ha,比对照增产 41 % ;在非盐碱地上 ,1 0 1产量达 60 0 0 kg/ha,具有较好的丰产性。 相似文献
12.
小麦耐盐新品系“101”是利用冬小麦“红选501”和墨西哥春麦“唐努尔”杂交的F1作母本，“红选501”和墨西哥春麦“西埃代赛洛斯”杂交的F2的父本进行复交培育而成，具有耐盐好、抗倒伏、产量高的特点。在轻度盐渍地上小区对比试验，产量为5125.5kg/hm^2，比对照高57.47%，在中度盐渍化地上也有显著的经济效益，单产为5122.5kg/hm^2。 相似文献
13.
青海湖流域沙柳河草甸群落结构与数量特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿青海湖流域沙柳河河岸,选取多个断面进行样方调查,分析沿沙柳河距河流入湖处不同距离、垂直河岸方向上草甸群落结构、地上生物量以及物种多样性的变化特征,并讨论影响群落结构变化的生境因子。结果表明：① 在所调查的样地中,有草本植物52种,隶属39属,13科。平均总盖度为70%,平均地上生物量为131 g•m-2。② 随着离湖距离的增加,Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度、物种均匀度指数、地上生物量呈现先增加后略微减小的趋势,盖度的变化趋势是先增加后不变。土壤含水量和土壤含盐量、海拔等可能是影响植物群落空间分布差异的主要原因。③ Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度与地上生物量呈现不明显的线性关系。 相似文献
14.
15.
Potassium(K) is known as one of the essential nutrients for the growth of plant species. The relationship between K and clay minerals can be used to understand the K cycling, and assess the plant uptake and potential of soil K fertility. This study was conducted to analyze the K forms(soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and structural) and the relationship of K forms with clay minerals of calcareous soils in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwest Iran. The climate is hotter and drier in the west and south of the province than in the east and north of the province. A total of 54 pedons were dug in the study area and 32 representative pedons were selected. The studied pedons were mostly located on calcareous deposits. The soils in the study area can be classified into 5 orders including Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Alfisols and Vertisols. The main soil clay minerals in the west and south of the study area were illite, chlorite and palygorskite, whereas they were smectite, vermiculite and illite in the north and east of the province. Due to large amount of smectite and high content of organic carbon in soil surface, the exchangeable K in surface soils was higher than that in subsurface soils. It seems that organic matter plays a more important role than smectite mineral in retaining exchangeable K in the studied soils. Non-exchangeable K exhibited close relationships with clay content, illite, vermiculite and smectite. Although the amount of illite was the same in almost all pedons, amounts of structural and non-exchangeable K were higher in humid regions than in arid and semi-arid regions. This difference may be related to the poor reservoir of K~+ minerals like palygorskite and chlorite together with illite in arid and semi-arid regions. In humid areas, illite was accompanied by vermiculite and smectite as the K~+ reservoir. Moreover, the mean cumulative non-exchangeable K released by CaCl_2 was higher than that released by oxalic acid, which may be due to the high buffering capacity resulting from high carbonates in soils. 相似文献
16.
研究了根际和非根际土壤中除草剂丁草胺的降解。结果表明,棉花、水稻、小麦和玉米的种植明显促进丁草胺的降解,15 mg/kg丁草胺的降解半衰期缩短26.6%~57.2%,这种促进作用与作物种类有关,玉米、小麦、水稻、棉花依次增强。50 mg/kg丁草胺的降解有所受抑制,但作物种植仍显示良好的促进作用。作物根际丁草胺降解菌的测定结果显示,根际土壤中丁草胺降解菌的数量大于非根际土壤,作物种植对丁草胺降解的促进作用源于根际丰富的降解菌。 相似文献
17.
18.
干旱区荒漠景观植被自然更新机制初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据实地调查和参阅资料,依山前洪积扇、河流沿岸阶地、沙丘及丘间低地、戈壁、盐沼的景观斑块,探讨干旱区荒漠植被的自然更新机制。干旱区的高温干燥、温差强烈、风蚀沙埋已变为植物繁衍后代的动力;萌孽、劈裂、地下茎萌生等多种繁殖方式,使荒漠植物在严酷的条件下实现自然更新,形成以母株为中心的母系居群。地貌形态和种子传播动力决定了群落外形。在干旱区,繁殖植物的种子成熟期与年内的丰水期相吻合,有利于植被更新：只有在连续2a降水较大时（超过多年平均降水量）,沙丘和丘间地、戈壁植被的自然更新才有可能发生。河流沿岸植被的自然更新受地下水影响最明显。湖盆盐碱地植被带有水生植被的痕迹,自然更新相对较难。景观斑块镶嵌分布,形成微环境均一的廊道,有利于植被的自然更新。 相似文献
19.
MEHDI Heydari 《干旱区科学》2019,11(1):43-57
This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m~2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m~2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area. 相似文献
20.
沟渠边坡是物种传播的廊道之一,在物种传播与演替进程中起重要的作用。采用主分量分析和PCA排序的方法,对宁夏平原沟渠边坡的优势植物群落与其环境影响因子进行了定量分析。结果表明：宁夏平原沟渠边坡植物群落的主要影响因子是土壤水分和土壤有机质,且土壤盐分与植物群落的优势度和生物多样性之间有Y2=0.516-0.005X1+0.506X2的关系,可以根据此模型对宁夏平原沟渠湿地的土壤盐分和植物种群多样性及生态优势度做出具体的数学解释。同时表明,沟渠边坡水分梯度和土壤养分是决定其植物分布的主要影响因素。沟渠作为干旱半干旱区绿洲的重要水利设施,从获取最大用水效率、减少水分损失角度,可以高效地通过植物群落控水控肥;而从沟渠强化水文生态效益的角度,则可以提高沟渠湿地的水文循环效率。 相似文献