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为初步探讨化学分析法测定生产常用原料营养价值的稳定程度,通过化学分析法多次测定不同饲料原料(豆粕、次粉、花生壳粉等)的水分、灰分和蛋白含量,利用统计学进行分析比较,结果发现:化学分析法测定洗米糠和玉米胚芽粕的水分,去皮豆粕和花生粕的粗灰分,豆粕和去皮豆粕的粗蛋白变异系数较小;而猪油和玉米麸的水分,花生壳粉和玉米皮的粗灰分,玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸的粗蛋白变异系数较大。试验表明:化学分析法测定洗米糠和玉米胚芽粕的水分,去皮豆粕和花生粕的粗灰分,豆粕和去皮豆粕的粗蛋白稳定性较高;而测定猪油和玉米麸的水分,花生壳粉和玉米皮的粗灰分,玉米胚芽粕和玉米麸的稳定性较低。 相似文献
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意大利年产桃和油桃150万t,略高于西班牙,成为世界桃和油桃主产国之一。欧洲是世界桃和油桃主产区和消费区。欧洲桃和油桃主产国为意大利(150万t)、西班牙(110万t)和希腊(32万t)。欧洲桃和油桃年产量约370万t,其中,36%为桃,38%为油桃,26%为"percoca"桃品种。就出口而言,西班牙是桃和油桃出 相似文献
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3月,国际饲料价格除高粱和苜蓿粉外,其他饲料价格持续波动;畜产品市场价格除瘦肉猪、羊肉和鸡肉外,其他畜产品价格持续下跌。一、国际饲料市场除高粱和苜蓿粉外,其他饲料价格持续波动3月份,高粱和苜蓿粉市场价格分别为148.00和291.00 USD·t^–1,保持不变。玉米和大豆价格分别为140.28和319.30 USD·t^–1,环比分别下跌5.52%和1.93%。豆粕、菜籽、豆粉和棉籽饼平均价格分别为342.04、354.04、306.52和301.31 USD·t^–1,环比分别上涨6.67%、0.77%、9.09%和1.24%。 相似文献
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研究旨在探究百里香酚和植酸对猪源大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制效果，为进一步改善猪舍环境和猪肠道功能研究提供参考。试验采用牛津杯法、二倍稀释法和平板涂布法，分别测定百里香酚和植酸对两种猪源致病菌的抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）的影响。结果表明：猪源大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌对50 mg/mL百里香酚表现为高度敏感，对17.5%植酸表现为极度敏感。百里香酚对猪源大肠杆菌MIC和MBC分别为1.56 mg/mL和3.12 mg/mL，对猪源沙门氏菌MIC和MBC均为1.56 mg/mL；植酸对猪源沙门氏菌的抑制效果强于猪源大肠杆菌，对猪源大肠杆菌MIC和MBC均为4.37%，对猪源沙门氏菌MIC和MBC均为2.18%。说明百里香酚和植酸对猪源大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌具有较好的抑菌效果，在抑菌活性物质筛选中具备较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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青海可可西里国家自然保护区草地牧草营养成分测定 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
测定了可可西里国家级自然保护区内紫花针茅草地型和高山嵩草草地型牧草,冷季9月份和4月份营养成分。结果表明,各种牧草营养成分含量随种类不同和生长季节迁移而呈现一定差异;9月份两类草地型牧草DM,CP,EE,NDF,ADF,ADL,Ash,Ca和P平均含量分别为92.20%和90.42%,5.40%和5.98%,2.90%和3.06%,48.30%和44.3%,41.40%和34.36%,3.68%和6.52%,18.85%和8.28%,1.43%和1.25%,0.38%和0.47%;4月份两类草地型牧草DM,CP,EE,NDF,ADF,ADL,Ash,Ca和P平均含量分别为94.33%和93.75%,3.69%和5.85%,1.52%和2.32%,66.82%和61.88%,47.14%和43.32%,9.14%和8.53%,13.48%和13.47%,1.38%和1.16%,0.38%和0.36%;紫花针茅草地型和高山嵩草草地型牧草CP平均含量9月份较4月份分别高出46.8%和35.5%,NDF,ADF和ADL分别降低了27.71%和28.41%,11.95%和20.68%,59.63%和23.33%;就营养品质而言,高山嵩草草地型牧草优于紫花针茅草地型牧草。 相似文献
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2006~2007年中国饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查报告 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
作者评估了2006年和2007年上半年我国饲料原料和全价饲料中6种主要霉菌毒素的检出水平和分布特点,得出如下结论：①我国饲料原料和全价饲料中超标率和检出水平最高的霉菌毒素是玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素和呕吐毒素（田间型毒素）。人们一直重视的黄曲霉毒素（仓储型毒素）超标率和检出水平均比较低;②饲料原料和全价饲料中多种霉菌毒素往往同时存在,由于不同毒素间具有协同作用,将加剧毒素的毒性作用和中毒症状的严重程度;③副产品原料,特别是玉米副产品如干燥酒糟（DDGS）和玉米蛋白粉中霉菌毒素的污染非常严重;④与单一能量和蛋白质饲料原料相比,全价饲料中的多种霉菌毒素的检出水平才是相对比较准确和客观的控制指标;⑤控制霉菌毒素危害的最经济有效的措施是控制原料质量和使用有效的霉菌毒素吸附剂。 相似文献
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为了解肉鸡和蛋鸡配合饲料产品的稳定性，本研究采用肉鸡育雏期、生长期、育肥期以及蛋鸡育雏期、育成期和产蛋期配合饲料中粗蛋白质、钙和磷3个营养分析值检测结果(分别由国内肉鸡一条龙生产企业和蛋鸡饲料生产企业提供)，通过频率分布图分析饲料中粗蛋白质、钙和磷分析值的频率分布、平均值和标准差，以及变异系数、置信区间。结果表明：肉鸡育雏期、生长期和育肥期配合饲料粗蛋白质含量的变异系数分别为2.1%、2.7%和3.06%，钙含量的变异系数分别为5.88%、5.42%和7.93%，磷变异系数分别为6.16%、5.68%和6.06%；蛋鸡育雏期、育成期和产蛋期配合饲料粗蛋白质含量的变异系数分别为5.44%、3.59%和3.09%，钙含量的变异系数分别为9.31%、14.0%和12.0%，磷变异系数分别为11.72%、13.72%和10.62%；肉鸡和蛋鸡配合饲料均有不同程度超出95%和99%置信区间的情况，但蛋鸡超出95%或99%置信区间比例更多。可见，采用频率分布图可以直观了解肉鸡和蛋鸡配合饲料产品养分分析值分布区域以及超过限度的情况，即可以直观了解企业产品的稳定性。 相似文献
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A. S. Soerjadi J. H. Druitt A. B. Lloyd R. B. Cumming 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(9):413-417
Day-old chickens kept in a cold environment (18 degrees to 22 degrees C) were more susceptible to a low and moderate challenge of Salmonella typhimurium than chickens similarly challenged and kept in a warm environment (32 degrees to 36 degrees C). Cold stress at 10 degrees C for 24 h when applied to 12-day-old chickens effectively increased the number of birds shedding organisms. However a similar cold stress on 20-day-old chickens resulted in a less dramatic increase in the number of birds shedding organisms. Of the 60 birds previously challenged with S. typhimurium and then subjected to cold stress, 16 birds recommenced shedding and 7 birds with no previous history of shedding began to shed organisms. 相似文献
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Cold-induced ascites in broiler chickens and its improvement by temperature-controlled rearing 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), also known as ascites, in broiler chickens prevailed in the local area of Ibaraki prefecture, Japan, and was investigated epidemiologically, serologically, and pathologically. PHS developed in chickens older than 35 days of age when rapid increase of body weight started. Approximately 90% of affected birds were males, in which weight increase was greater than in females. Serologic test revealed that PHS broilers had an increase of hematocrit value. Pathologic studies indicated that the heart of affected birds had an obese-induced pressure and cold exposure triggered congestion in the right ventricle/cava and an increase in peritoneal fluid. These changes were consistent with the previous reports of PHS, so we designed the experiment of effects on cold-induced PHS birds in a temperature-controlled house. After the 10 PHS birds at 55 days were reared for 14 days in a temperature-controlled house at 20 +/- 5 C, ascites disappeared in eight birds and hematocrit values decreased to normal range in nine birds. Our finding indicated that temperature-controlled environment may be one solution to reduce mortality in PHS birds. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to examine the presence of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) in the pulmonary arterioles of broilers during the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodelling. METHOD: One hundred and sixty day-old Avian-2000 broilers were divided equally into a control group and a cold temperature group. All the birds were reared in normal temperatures up to day 14, with the lighting schedule at 24 h per day. Thereafter, birds in the cold temperature group were subjected to low temperature by lowering 1-2 degrees C per day to 12-14 degrees C, and then kept constant until day 49, while birds in the control group were still brooded at normal temperatures. All the birds were fed a diet of pellets throughout the study. Samples of blood were taken from the wing vein, and of heart and lung collected after the birds were killed with an overdose of sodium pentobarbitial, at days 24, 32, 39 and 45 of age, respectively. Right ventricle to total ventricle ratio (RV/TV) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Vessel wall area to vessel total area ratio (WA/TA) and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA) was examined using computer-image analytic software. Expression of PKC in pulmonary muscular arterioles was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified by measuring optical density (OD) using computer-image analytic software. RESULTS: The incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) was 12.5% in birds exposed to cold, and 3.75% in the control group (P<0.05). PCV in the cold temperature group was elevated after day 32 (P<0.05), and RV/TV ratio increased on day 45 (P<0.05). Both the WA/TA and mMTPA of birds subjected to cold were significantly elevated (P<0.05). The OD values were not significantly increased before day 32 (P>0.05), however, one week later (at day 39 of age), the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). The increased PKCalpha expression was positively correlated with the values of mMTPA and WA/TA. CONCLUSION: PKCalpha expression was up-regulated during the development of pulmonary hypertension. The activation of PKCalpha might be involved in the development of pulmonary vascular remodelling. 相似文献
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Absorption of protein, fatty acids and minerals in young turkeys under heat and cold stress 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1. Absorption of protein, fatty acids, calcium, phosphate and potassium by young turkeys maintained at thermoneutral (24 degrees C), hot (35 degrees C) and cold (8 degrees C) conditions was examined. 2. Non-acclimatised, heat-stressed birds absorbed less potassium and phosphate, whereas absorption of nitrogen, fatty acids and calcium was not altered, as compared with birds at 24 degrees C. Non-acclimatised, cold-stressed birds absorbed less calcium than control birds and more nitrogen than non-acclimatised, heat-stressed birds. 3. Heat acclimatization might reduce the adverse effect of heat stress on potassium and phosphate absorption. 相似文献
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The effect of route of infection and strain of virus on the pathology of Australian infectious bronchitis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis in 4-week-old chickens was studied following administration of Australian T strain of IBV by the aerosol, conjunctival, intranasal, in-contact and drinking water routes.
Infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. While the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was not significantly influenced by the route used to infect the birds.
In a second experiment, pathological changes produced in chickens infected with Australian S, A, A3 and T strains of IBV were compared in 18-day-old chickens infected by the aerosol route and housed in cold and warm environments. All 4 strains produced respiratory reactions and kidney lesions, and these changes were more severe and of longer duration in both respiratory tract and kidneys in the birds housed in a cold environment than those receiving supplementary heat.
The viruses differed in their virulence for the trachea and kidney and the effect of a virus on the respiratory trace was independent of the effect of that virus on the kidney. 相似文献
Infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. While the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was not significantly influenced by the route used to infect the birds.
In a second experiment, pathological changes produced in chickens infected with Australian S, A, A
The viruses differed in their virulence for the trachea and kidney and the effect of a virus on the respiratory trace was independent of the effect of that virus on the kidney. 相似文献
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1. A study was designed to characterise dark, firm, dry (DFD) breast meat resulting from cold exposure of broilers and compare its properties with normal breast meat from cold-stressed and control birds. 2. A total of 140 broilers were selected from 5- and 6-week-old birds exposed to cold temperatures ranging from ?18 to ?4°C, or a control temperature of +20°C for 3?h in an environmental chamber. Half of these birds were slaughtered immediately following the cold exposure and the other half were given 2?h of lairage. 3. Breast meat samples were categorised based on ultimate pH (pHu) and colour L* (lightness) values into normal (5·7?≤?pHu?≤?6·1; 46?≤?L*?≤?53) breast meat from control (control-normal) or cold-stressed (cold-normal) birds, and DFD (pHu?>?6·1; L*? 4. Residual glycogen was not different between cold-DFD and control-normal breast meat. Lactate concentration was lower in cold-DFD compared with control-normal breast meat. Lactate concentration almost tripled for all the samples by 30?h post-mortem, which resulted in a drop in pH of normal meat, but did not have any effect on pH of DFD breast meat. Glycolytic potential at both 5?min and 30?h post-mortem was lower in DFD breast meat compared with the normal breast meat from both cold-stressed and control birds. 5. Cold-DFD breast meat was significantly darker, with higher pHu, lower cook loss, higher water-binding capacity and processing cook yield than cold-normal and control-normal breast meat, which were not different from each other. 相似文献
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尼西鸡是云南特有的家禽品种,因产于香格里拉市尼西乡而得名,当地藏语叫"龙巴下",是云南20个地方家禽品种中典型的肉蛋兼用型品种,也是我国《国家级畜禽资源保护品种名录》中典型的地方家禽品种,是当地藏族经长期驯化饲养、选育而形成的优良品种,具有体型较小、产蛋高、肉质好、耐粗饲、灵活善飞等特点,在高海拔和气候寒冷的自然环境下适应性好,野外觅食能力强。特殊的养殖环境使尼西鸡成为肉质鲜嫩、风味独特的高原兼用型鸡种。随着这些年养殖规模的不断扩大和人们对畜禽产品的消费理念不断提升,尼西鸡成为当地人备受欢迎的禽类产品,并将成为云南地区高原生态特色农产品的典型代表。 相似文献
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禽流感检测方法研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
禽流感不仅对世界养禽业带来巨大的经济损失，而且可以感染人，公共卫生意义重大。由于其病毒亚型众多，抗原性变异极快，毒株的致病性也相差很大，早期快速诊断和血清学检测就成为预防和控制禽流感的前提条件。禽流感病毒的传统诊断方法是分离病毒和检测抗体。近年来，又相继建立了血凝抑制试验、神经氨酸酶抑制试验、酶联免疫吸附试验等血清学诊断技术及分子诊断技术。文章对禽流感检测方法快速诊断进行了概述。 相似文献
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Eliane Gasparino Débora Marques Voltolini Ana Paula Del Vesco Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães Carlos Souza do Nascimento Adhemar Rodrigues de Oliveira Neto 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):339-344
In this study, we analyzed insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA expression in the muscle and liver of high- (0.23 g/g) and low- (0.17 g/g) feed-efficiency (FE) Japanese quail at three different air temperatures: comfortable (25 °C), heat stress (38 °C) for 12 h or cold stress (10 °C) for 12 h. Total RNA was extracted from the liver and breast muscle of each quail, and cDNA was amplified using specific primers for the target genes. Expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). IGF-I mRNA expression was higher in the livers of high-FE quail than in the livers of low-FE quail under both heat and cold stress conditions. High-FE birds also showed higher GHR mRNA expression independent of temperature. UCP mRNA expression in the liver was lower in high-FE birds and higher under heat stress compared with the other conditions. IGF-I mRNA expression was higher in the muscle of high-FE quail under the three conditions tested, and UCP mRNA expression was higher under cold stress. Our results suggest that air temperature affects the expression of genes related to growth and mitochondrial energy production, and quail with different feed efficiencies respond differently to environmental stimuli. 相似文献