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1.
采用2002—2013年陕南A 级旅游景区统计资料,运用最邻近指数和地理集中指数等定量分析方法,借助地图、GIS空间分析工具和实地调研等手段,对陕南A级旅游景区空间分布类型与结构模式的演变及其内在机理作了深入分析。研究发现:① 陕南A 级旅游景区空间分布由高度集中逐步向均匀分布演变;② 分布结构模式经历了一极集中型、两极集中型、两强一弱三极集中型、一带集中型和接近均匀的随机分布型的发展变化;③ 陕南A 级旅游景区空间扩散表现出由西向东、以区域中心城市为核心沿交通线向外扩散、由高度集聚向均匀分布和由平原向深山的特点,其原因主要与区域旅游开发的前期基础、交通网结构的变化、客源市场位置以及政府对建设A级景区的鼓励政策有关。 相似文献
2.
以河北省A级旅游景区相关数据为基础,采用地理数学方法的空间分析手段和GIS空间分析工具,从定性和定量两方面分析了河北省A级旅游景区在时间和空间上的分布规律。结果表明:（1）空间维度上。河北省A级旅游景区在空间分布类型上属于凝聚型,但已经较接近于随机分布型;河北省A级旅游景区空间分布上呈现出分布不平衡的特征,保定、唐山、张家口、石家庄、秦皇岛地区分布密度较高,呈现出典型的核心—边缘扩散特征;（2）时间维度上。河北省A级景区增长态势出现3个波段,即“较快增长期”（2000—2005年）、“平缓增长期”（2005—2008年）、“快速增长期”（2008—2014年）,景区内部的发展呈现出非均匀的分层级的差异特征;景区分布重心随着时间的发展不同程度地由东北向西南方向偏移,景区等级与景区分布均匀程度呈现出高度的正相关。 相似文献
3.
[目的] 研究广西壮族自治区桂林市景区扩容对土地利用格局的影响,为应对旅游需求激增带来的风险,整治优化国土空间以及科学引导旅游业发展提供理论参考。[方法] 通过设置常规情景与景区扩容情景,运用核密度分析法以及未来土地利用模拟(FLUS)模型模拟与预测桂林市2025年不同情景下的土地利用格局,并根据逐像元对比及景观指数分析不同情景下的土地利用格局差异。[结果] ①对景区的扩容能够在一定程度上减少桂林市旅游热点区域的游客接待压力,但并不利于旅游热点区域周边区县城镇化的推进。②对景区的扩容有利于阳朔县、兴安县等“增长极”旅游业的发展,并辐射与带动周边的大多区县。建设用地扩张加剧,耕地扩张减缓。而桂林市北部由于建设用地分布较为分散,各区县间的辐射与带动作用相对局限,景区扩容情景下兴安县、全州县、龙胜各族自治县旅游业更迅猛的发展对于资源县与灌阳县的辐射与带动作用并不显著,反而使资源县与灌阳县对建设用地资源的竞争力相对更低。③景观指数表明,对景区的扩容会导致耕地、林地、草地与灌木等农业与生态空间遭到更严重的干扰与侵占,但对于水体与湿地的保护更有利,建设用地的扩张也更具整体性。[结论] 桂林市对景区扩容工作的推进会降低旅游热点区域的游客接待压力,促进“增长极”及周边大多区县旅游业的发展,但并不利于热点区域周边以及较为偏远、不在各区县相互辐射范围内区域的发展。 相似文献
4.
[目的]了解石质山不同坡向沙冬青的种群结构、分布格局,旨在揭示沙冬青种群与环境异质间的相互关系。[方法]在北砸山不同坡向上采用样线和样方相结合的方法调查沙冬青群落特征,运用平均拥挤度、丛生指数、聚块性指标、Cassie指标、扩散系数、负二项分布指标等方法对景泰北砸山不同坡向沙冬青种群结构和分布格局进行了研究。[结果](1)北砸山阳坡沙冬青种群密度最高,是半阳坡的2.5倍,半阴坡生长状况最好;(2)阳坡、半阳坡、山脊处沙冬青年龄结构为稳定型,半阴坡年龄结构为增长型;(3)阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡扩散指数C均大于1,说明阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡都服从集群分布,而山脊处扩散指数C小于1,说明山脊处沙冬青服从均匀分布;(4)北砸山沙冬青种群分布格局规模:阳坡为4m×8m,半阳坡为4m×4m,半阴坡为8m×8m,山脊部为4m×8m。[结论]北砸山沙冬青生长状况良好,年龄结构稳定,分布格局大多为集群分布,各区域分布的沙冬青种群格局规模存在差异。 相似文献
5.
《水土保持研究》2020,(3)
为了流域的生态保护修复和可持续发展,其景观格局脆弱性的研究变得尤为重要。以黄土丘陵沟壑区汾河流域为研究对象,通过构建景观格局脆弱度指数,利用质心及标准差椭圆、探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)的方法,对近25年来流域景观格局脆弱度时空演变及空间关联性进行了分析。结果表明:(1) 1990—2015年汾河流域景观格局脆弱度总体上呈现先上升后下降的趋势,脆弱度高的区域空间分布由相对集中变得较为分散;(2) 1990—2015年景观格局脆弱度质心不断向北移动,标准差椭圆呈"东北—西南"的空间分布格局,脆弱度空间分布越发分散;(3)研究区各时期景观格局脆弱度全局Moran′s I表现为一定程度的正相关,且相关程度先上升后下降;(4)研究区景观格局脆弱度局部空间自相关在3个时期发生了明显的变化,高低值区域呈现空间集聚,且分布范围由相对集中转变为较为分散。地形、河流等自然因素影响汾河流域景观格局脆弱性的空间分布;政策导向、社会经济活动等人为因素加速了景观格局脆弱性的变化。 相似文献
6.
为探究乌江流域经济人口空间格局演变及耦合关系,以乌江流域为研究区,选取该流域69个区县2000—2019年的GDP和常住人口数据,运用地理集中度、ESDA-GIS和耦合指数,对流域内经济人口空间格局及其相互关系进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1)近20 a,流域常住人口从3 626.46万人减少至3 564.12万人,人均GDP年平均增长率约为15.13%;(2)县域人口和经济发展差异增大,经济发达、人口密集的县域空间分布重叠,均集中分布在流域中部—南部;(3)经济重心、人口重心远离流域几何重心向流域西南方向移动;(4)经济人口耦合指数表明,流域人口和经济发展协调性有所提高。综上,乌江流域区域发展不协调依然严峻,推动流域东北部区县发展,缩小流域东北部和中部—南部的发展差距,进一步提高人口和经济发展的协调性仍是今后需要解决的问题之一。 相似文献
7.
基于GIS的土地利用变化的地形梯度分析——以韶关市大塘镇为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地形是影响土地利用格局动态分布的因素之一。以韶关市大塘镇为研究区,基于DEM生成坡度图和高度图,利用遥感影像提取2009—2013年土地利用类型,计算研究区高度梯度和坡度梯度的分级指数及地形位指数。结果表明:(1)耕地、水域和园地分级指数和地形位指数逐渐下降,林地逐渐上升,草地、城镇村与工矿用地、交通用地和未利用地的坡度分级指数先上升后下降,高度分级指数多呈先下降后上升,地形位分级指数先下降后上升;(2)城镇村与工矿用地的分级指数和地形位指数数值上升,其余土地利用类型数值均下降,但下降数值较小;(3)除林地外,其他土地利用类型的分级指数和地形位指数均集中于低地形位区间。高度、坡度和地形位对土地利用类型分布格局演变有重要影响,同时城镇化的发展对土地利用类型分布格局演变也有较大影响,但一定程度上遵循分级指数和地形位指数。 相似文献
8.
[目的]研究闽东丘陵山区乡村聚落空间格局演变及其影响因素,为其乡村聚落空间布局优化与重构提供科学依据。[方法]以闽东地区的屏南县为例,综合运用核密度分析、景观格局指数和GIS空间分析方法,分析2009—2019年屏南县乡村聚落空间格局的时空演变特征,并运用地理探测器揭示其演变影响因素。[结果](1) 10年间屏南县乡村聚落数量与规模仅有小幅增加,不同等级聚落中以大型聚落的面积占比最大,但数量增加与规模扩张均以小型聚落为主,聚落空间整体上变化不大。(2)乡村聚落整体形态演变由规则趋向复杂和破碎化,但在县城周边地区存在聚落连片的趋势;乡村聚落单体形态以点状为主,数量占67.84%。(3)乡村聚落空间呈弱集聚分布,整体为中部集中,四周稀疏的分布格局,但10年间县域中南部聚落分布日趋集中;受地形控制,乡村聚落多分布在山间盆地,并具有低缓坡度指向性。(4)地形起伏是控制屏南县乡村聚落空间格局与规模演化的主要自然因素,但近10年来县域经济的发展与交通通达度的提高成为新时期驱动屏南县乡村聚落规模扩张的重要因素。[结论]屏南的自然因素塑造了乡村聚落基本空间格局,区位与社会经济因素是推动乡村聚落规模持续... 相似文献
9.
以镇江市为例,基于其1997-2009年的土地利用现状数据,采用Shannon信息熵和空间洛伦茨曲线,对宁镇扬丘陵区土地利用结构的动态演变及其区域分异规律进行了探讨。结果表明:(1) 1997-2009年镇江市各土地利用类型在空间分布上具有不均衡性,耕地和居民点及工矿用地的分布较为均衡,而牧草地和林地的分布则相对集中;(2) 土地利用结构演变具有阶段性特征,划分为"缓慢增长(1997-2000年)、快速上升(2001-2004年)、稳步发展(2005-2009年)"3阶段,耕地和城镇用地是影响土地利用结构演变的主要类型;(3) 该区土地利用结构演变存在区域分异规律,经济发达的市区及新区的信息熵整体上高于其它区县,且呈现不断下降的趋势,表明该区土地利用结构的有序性逐渐提高,而其它稍欠发达区县的信息熵却呈现出日益上升的态势,表明其土地利用结构的有序性不断降低。 相似文献
10.
玛纳斯河流域土壤类型空间分布格局分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以玛纳斯河流域为例,运用G IS技术和景观生态学原理,对土壤类型空间分布格局进行了定量分析,得出以下结论:(1)玛纳斯河流域各土壤类型的分离度指数大多集中在0~3之间,各土壤类型的分布相对比较集中;(2)玛纳斯河流域土壤空间分形结构特征客观存在;(3)玛纳斯河流域各土壤类型的斑块形状复杂性差距较大。分维数最大的是草甸盐土,为1.709,土壤斑块的镶嵌结构最复杂。平均形状指数最大的是新积土,为3.684,土壤斑块的长短轴之比较大,斑块形状偏离正方形或圆形的程度较大;(4)玛纳斯河流域土壤类型多样性指数为3.037,均匀度指数为0.803,表明研究区内各土壤类型的异质性和多样性较高;(5)土壤类型的优势度指数为2.465,斑块密度指数为0.027,表明流域内的土壤是由半固定风沙土等少数几种土壤类型所控制。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献