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1.
 近年来, 小麦孢囊线虫病已成为我国小麦生产上的重要病害之一。掌握病原线虫的侵染动态是病害防控基础。本文在田间条件下, 对两种孢囊线虫—禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)和菲利普孢囊线虫(H.filipjevi)在河南郑州的侵染动态进行了比较研究, 结果显示:小麦出苗后2周即可发现孢囊线虫的二龄幼虫侵入到小麦根内, 4周后少量二龄幼虫发育为三龄, 6周后根内幼虫数量达到第一次高峰, 同时发现少量四龄幼虫。小麦出苗60 d后, 由于温度较低, 根内各虫态数量基本维持稳定;在120 d后, 温度逐渐回升, 根内二龄幼虫数量逐渐增加, 幼虫数量的第二次高峰出现在小麦出苗后150 d左右, 但入侵幼虫数量明显少于第一次。此后根内幼虫陆续发育为白雌虫和孢囊, 白雌虫数量高峰出现在小麦出苗后180 d后。H.filipjevi三龄、四龄幼虫及白雌虫出现的时间均比H.avenae的早一周。  相似文献   

2.
燕麦孢囊线虫在河北冬麦区的种群动态   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为明确河北省燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae在自然环境下的侵染与发育特点,于2009-2012年分别采用漂浮法、浅盘法和酸性品红染色法在3个不同区域对土壤中孢囊和2龄幼虫(J2)以及根系内线虫进行了系统调查,并对孢囊内卵的发育动态进行检测.在土壤中除6月上中旬未检测到J2外,周年均分离到J2.冬前J2出现小高峰,种群密度为12.3 ~18.6条/100mL土样;在4月上中旬J2大量发生,种群密度为52 ~ 65条/100 mL土样.冬前J2侵入小麦后能够发育至3龄幼虫,3龄幼虫发生高峰在4月下旬至5月上旬,4龄幼虫的发生高峰在5月中下旬,白雌虫形成高峰期在5月下旬,且1年后孢囊内卵孵化率达到86.5%.研究表明,燕麦孢囊线虫在河北省小麦上1年发生1代,关键侵染期在3月下旬至4月中旬.  相似文献   

3.
山东省烟草孢囊线虫的群体动态和世代发生特点   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
为探究烟草孢囊线虫Heterodera glycines的田间侵染循环特点,2012年从山东省诸城市某烟田定点定期取样,对土壤和根组织中的线虫进行分离和染色后镜检并计数。结果显示,4月29日至9月9日在土壤中均检出烟草孢囊线虫2龄幼虫(J2),有4个发生高峰,最大密度在7月9日,为7.3条/100 g土壤。5月13日至8月13日在根组织中出现J2,有3个明显高峰,最大密度在7月15日,为30条/10 g根;年轻雌虫在5月21日至8月30日形成,有3个明显高峰,最大密度在7月2日,为54条/10 g根。研究表明,烟草孢囊线虫 1年发生4代,平均世代历期27 d;后两代存在明显世代重叠现象;第4代线虫侵染量很少,且根内线虫发育不良。  相似文献   

4.
为明确琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类(SDHI)杀线剂氟吡菌酰胺对南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的作用效果,在室内盆栽条件下研究不同剂量、不同施药时期该药剂对线虫侵入、根结和雌虫数量以及产卵量的影响。结果显示:在黄瓜幼苗移栽前进行土壤处理,氟吡菌酰胺施用剂量为31.25μg/株时,每株2龄幼虫侵染数量和根结数量分别为11.3条和6.4个,相比对照处理显著减少;在接种南方根结线虫后0~11 d,以施药量为125μg/株的氟吡菌酰胺进行灌根时,可大幅减少根结数量,每株根结数量减少至12.8~22.5个,同时,施药后根系内未见成熟雌虫产生;在接种后15 d,以施药量为250μg/株的氟吡菌酰胺进行灌根时,可大幅减少根内成熟雌虫数量,每株雌虫数量减少至16.9条;接种后20 d施药,施药量为500μg/株时可大幅减少根部产生的根结线虫卵块数量,每株卵块数量减少至18.9个。表明氟吡菌酰胺能抑制土壤内线虫对黄瓜根系的侵染并抑制根内线虫发育,但随着施药时间的推迟,防治已侵入根系的线虫需增加施药剂量,在生产上使用氟吡菌酰胺防治根结线虫病应在作物移栽前或线虫侵染早期施药效果更好。  相似文献   

5.
河北省禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度和冬小麦产量损失的关系   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
为明确禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae对小麦的危害,于2011年10月—2012年6月在自然环境条件下采用定量接种方法测定了其在不同接种密度下对冬小麦产量和线虫繁殖的影响。结果表明,随着禾谷孢囊线虫接种密度的增加,小麦的株高、穗长、小穗数、分蘖数和籽粒重均呈下降趋势。小麦产量随着接种密度的增加损失率增加,在接种密度大于29个卵和2龄幼虫/g土时,小麦产量损失率均达50%以上,接种密度为465个卵和2龄幼虫/g土时损失率最大,达到77.7%;当接种密度小于116个卵和2龄幼虫/g土时,禾谷孢囊线虫的最终密度随着接种密度的增加而增加,但接种密度大于该值时,最终线虫密度则随着接种密度的增加而减少;且其繁殖系数随着接种密度的增加而降低。以小麦单株籽粒重为参数,利用Seinhorst模型拟合孢囊线虫密度与产量的关系,可知小麦对禾谷孢囊线虫的最低忍耐值为5个卵和2龄幼虫/g土,相对最低产量为0.23。  相似文献   

6.
小麦禾谷孢囊线虫湖北群体活动期特性   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
小麦播种时定量接种禾谷孢囊线虫(CCN)(Heteroderaavenae)的孢囊,发芽生根后进行系统观察,结果表明,该线虫在小麦生长季节中完成1代,小麦播种后25~35d是2龄幼虫入侵幼根的高峰期,100~120d根内出现3龄幼虫,110~130d发育成4龄幼虫,130~150d根表露出白色孢囊(雌虫)。受感染的麦根,侵染点首先变褐,进而肿大,常见分叉增多,形成须根团,CCN多居于自然含磷,钾元  相似文献   

7.
本研究于2011-2017年对山西省主要市(县)小麦上孢囊线虫的发生与分布进行了较系统的调查研究,从运城、晋城、临汾、长治、晋中、太原等市小麦产区百余个乡镇采集和分离小麦根及根围土壤样品1 131份,其中336份检出有孢囊线虫,检出率为29.7%;运城市和临汾市小麦根及根围土壤样品孢囊检出率高,分别达到42.3%和32.5%,晋中市、长治市、太原市以及晋城市等地区也发现有不同程度的分布。因地区、栽培制度和土壤质地等的不同,土壤中线虫的群体密度也存在较大的差异,白雌虫密度最高的群体分布在运城市的一些地区(每100mL土壤中白雌虫数平均达到101个)。通过形态学鉴定明确山西省小麦上孢囊线虫群体种类较为单一,均为禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae,未发现我国小麦上另一重要的孢囊线虫种类——菲利普孢囊线虫H.filipjevi。小麦孢囊线虫在山西不同地区的发生和分布情况为山西省针对性地开展小麦上孢囊线虫的综合治理提供了有价值的信息。  相似文献   

8.
对含有不同发育阶段根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)的黄瓜根部用氨基乙二酰(Oxample)(6·25μg/ml土壤水)进行处理。在降低可发育成雌虫的幼虫比例方面以在二龄幼虫侵入后马上用药比较晚用药时(三至四龄幼虫侵入时),效果更佳。早期用氨基乙二酰处理还显著降低具卵块的雌虫比例,而晚期用药无此效果。不过,每卵块的卵粒数及幼雌成虫的个体大小都在各施药处理后显著减少和减小——处理越早,作用愈大。这些结果表明,取食频繁的根结线虫二龄幼虫比不取食的三,四龄幼虫对内吸杀线虫剂更为敏感。  相似文献   

9.
为明确不同土壤质地对禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae发生危害的影响,分别测试了6种土壤质地中禾谷孢囊线虫的侵染、发育及其种群动态。结果显示:在整个小麦生长季,不同土质中禾谷孢囊线虫2龄幼虫(J2)的种群变化趋势一致。冬前土壤中少量线虫孵化,11月下旬各种土质中J2种群密度达到10.8~14.2条/100 mL土壤;4月初为J2发生高峰期,其种群密度为54.6~77.1条/100 mL土壤,且土壤中含壤土比例越高J2数量越大;J2在壤土与砂土比为6:1和1:0土壤中侵入根系的数量最多,单株根系J2数量为672.7~685.0条,且土壤中砂土比例越大J2侵入数量越少,相应地根系内3龄幼虫和形成的孢囊数量也越少;不同土质中不同时期孢囊内虫口减退率不同,但在生长季末不同土质中孢囊内虫口总减退率无显著差异。研究表明,土质对孢囊内虫口减退率无影响,土质沙性越大越不利于禾谷孢囊线虫的发生危害。  相似文献   

10.
山东泰安地区小麦禾谷孢囊线虫幼虫孵化特性初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为大量获得研究所需的小麦禾谷孢囊线虫2龄幼虫,在室内离体条件下研究了预处理条件、孵化温度、低温预处理时间以及田间采样时期对山东泰安地区小麦禾谷孢囊线虫幼虫孵出量的影响.结果表明:5℃低温预处理条件下,孢囊浸水处理有利于幼虫孵出;低温预处理后,孵化温度为15℃处理的2龄幼虫孵出率高于20℃处理的孵出率;低温预处理时间为8周的2龄幼虫孵出率最高;6月和8月田间采集的孢囊幼虫孵出率显著高于7月和9月,其中8月采集的孢囊幼虫孵出率最高,为最佳采集时间.  相似文献   

11.
不同轮作模式下小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的发生动态和种群密度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
轮作是防治小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的重要农业措施,为了明确青海省春麦区不同轮作模式对小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的控制效果,采用田间大区试验法对生产中应用的6种轮作模式进行了研究。结果表明:不同轮作模式下,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度变化差异极显著,其中小麦与马铃薯、油菜、蚕豆轮作两年或以上能有效降低小麦禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度,土壤中的孢囊量减少39.31%~84.39%,单孢虫口数量减少73.21%~95.35%,虫口密度减少83.76%~97.82%;不同作物间,小麦与马铃薯或蚕豆的轮作效果(虫口密度减少74.39%~79.37%)显著优于小麦与油菜的轮作效果(虫口密度减少67.16%)。在同一地块相同条件下,种植油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯、小麦4种作物,小麦禾谷孢囊线虫均能正常孵化,4月底土壤中的2龄幼虫(J2)量增加,5月上旬达到高峰期,5月中旬开始,土壤中的J2、孢囊量、虫口密度和单孢虫口数量均急剧下降,6月至7月份下降幅度小,趋于稳定;田间空孢囊率于5月中旬至6月中旬急剧增加,7月份趋于稳定,8月份以前,4种作物田禾谷孢囊线虫的孵化动态和种群密度变化趋势一致,8月中旬,小麦田随着新孢囊脱落到土壤中,禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度开始上升,小麦收获后土壤中的孢囊量比播种前增加28.62%,虫口密度增加41.30%;而油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯田土壤中的孢囊量比播种前减少32.27%~48.36%,虫口密度减少70.91%~81.73%,8月中旬至10月份小麦田禾谷孢囊线虫种群密度极显著高于油菜、蚕豆、马铃薯田。  相似文献   

12.
The endoparasitic nematophagous fungusHirsutella rhossiliensis was tested for its ability to suppress root penetration and cyst formation by the potato cyst nematode speciesGlobodera pallida. Isolates ofH. rhossiliensis were obtained from infected potato cyst nematode juveniles from different starch potato fields in The Netherlands. The isolates showed no difference in spore adhesion to juveniles on agar plates (adhesion rate: ±90%). The most rapid growing isolate, CBS 108.94, was used for experiments. Vegetative mycelial colonies ofH. rhossiliensis CBS 108.94, grown in potato dextrose broth, were used as soil inoculum. During submerged cultivation the mycelial colonies produced phialides (spore-bearing cells) but no spores. Exposed to the air, however, spores were rapidly formed. The effect of different soil inoculum densities of mycelial colonies on root penetration byGlobodera pallida was examined in an experiment in 250-ml pots. Up to a mycelial colony concentration representing a potential spore density of 104 g–1 soil no suppression occurred. At approximated densities of 2.5×104 and 105 spores g–1 soil the numbers of juveniles which penetrated roots were reduced by 30% and 34%, respectively. The distribution of the inoculum could be improved by fragmentation of the mycelial colonies before soil inoculation. Using mycelial fragments, again no suppression of root penetration was observed up to a potential spore density of 104 g–1 soil, but at densities of 105 and 106 g–1 a suppression of 54% and 88%, respectively, was measured. In a greenhouse experiment, soil inoculation with mycelial colonies with a potential spore production of 2.5×105 g–1 soil resulted in a suppression of root penetration of 37% and 51% after 5 and 6 weeks, respectively, but the number of newly formed cysts after 18 weeks in soil was not different for control and inoculated pots. It is concluded thatH. rhossiliensis may be useful for the reduction of root damage caused by juveniles of potato cyst nematodes, but the usefulness for population control is doubtful.  相似文献   

13.
Using field plots where rhizomania had not previously been detected, different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) were created by application of infested soil. A susceptible sugar beet cultivar (cv. Regina) was grown for two consecutive years (1988 and 1989), in the presence or absence of drip irrigation. In soil samples taken in spring 1989, the different initial inoculum levels of 1988 could be distinguished using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units per 100 g dry soil. The first sugar beet crop resulted in a tenthousandfold multiplication of inoculum of BNYVV (viruliferousPolymyxa betae). Mean MPNs of BNYVV ranged from 0.6 and 7 per 100 g soil for the lowest inoculum level to 630 and 1100 per 100 g for the highest level, in plots without and with irrigation, respectively. In spring 1990, MPNs had again increased. In both years, the initial inoculum level of 1988 had a significant linear effect on log-transformed MPNs of BNYVV determined. Log-transformed MPNs for 1990 and 1989 showed a positive linear correlation, despite a decreasing multiplication ratio at higher inoculum levels. Drip irrigation during one or two years enhanced the increase in MPN of BNYVV, which was reflected by the enhancement of multiplication ratios at all inoculum levels. The totalP. betae population was also higher after growing two irrigated crops than after growing two non-irrigated ones.  相似文献   

14.
为探究河南省主要禾谷类作物孢囊线虫的发生分布,明确孢囊线虫对不同作物的危害情况,于2017—2020年对河南省18个市50个县(区)的小麦、玉米和水稻作物的孢囊线虫种类和发生分布进行随机取样调查,采用形态学特征、分子生物学鉴定和rDNA-ITS序列进化树分析技术鉴定不同作物孢囊线虫的种类,并根据土壤中孢囊基数和单孢囊卵数明确不同作物孢囊线虫的发病严重度。结果显示,共采集土壤样品308份,其中224份样品检测到孢囊,孢囊检出率为72.7%。小麦孢囊线虫发生分布范围覆盖40个县(区),其中15个县(区)为禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae侵染,23个县(区)为菲利普孢囊线虫H. filipjevi侵染,南阳市西峡县西坪镇和开封市尉氏县张市镇为禾谷孢囊线虫和菲利普孢囊线虫混合侵染发生区;玉米孢囊线虫H. zeae在濮阳市清丰县韩村镇、许昌市长葛市董村镇和禹州市范坡镇检测点首次被发现;旱稻孢囊线虫H. elachista在信阳市潢川县魏岗乡、来龙乡和新乡市获嘉县亢村镇检测点首次被发现。孢囊线虫发病严重度数据表明,小麦田平均孢囊含量高达17.3个/100 mL;玉米田平均孢囊量为11.0个/100 mL;水稻田平均孢囊量为4.4个/100 mL。表明河南省孢囊线虫高发地块主要集中在豫北、豫东和豫中平原区。  相似文献   

15.
16.
Findings from 2 years of field experiments investigating the relationship between Globodera rostochiensis and Rhizoctonia solani on unique field sites are reported. In 2000, a field experiment was positioned on land that had previously been used for experimental work investigating integrated potato cyst nematode (PCN) management methods. This study had produced an ‘untypical’ mosaic of PCN population densities ranging from 5 to 221 eggs g−1 soil. In 2001, the field experiment was conducted on a different field site and overlaid on a focus of G. rostochiensis population densities ranging from 11 to 108 eggs g−1 soil. In each experiment, potatoes (cv. Désirée) were grown in plots with similar population densities of G. rostochiensis that were either uninoculated or inoculated with R. solani. A series of potato plant harvests were undertaken to investigate the effects of nematode infestation on the incidence and severity of R. solani diseases and the associated development of plants. In both experiments, a clear relationship was found between the density of G. rostochiensis juveniles present in potato roots and the incidence of stolons infected by R. solani, 6 weeks after planting. For the first time this interaction has been determined under field conditions. The results of the study suggest that the interaction between nematode and fungus is indirect and possible mechanisms are discussed.  相似文献   

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